The American Missionary. Volume 42, No. 12, December, 1888

At the Santee Normal School, we are teaching about two hundred Indian youth of both sexes. We are instructing them also in agriculture and trades. There is a department for theological study, where missionaries are prepared from the Indians for the Indians. Sixty-one missionaries and teachers have caught the spirit of Eliot, Edwards and Brainerd, and are earnestly serving Christ among these tribes.

A Christian civilization is wedging its way in until eighty thousand Indians are now clothed in civilized dress. Forty thousand have learned to read English, and nearly thirty thousand are living in houses. There are forty thousand Indian children of school age, and about fourteen thousand enrolled as pupils, leaving between twenty and thirty thousand children for whom as yet there are no schools provided. Sixty-eight tribes remain without a church, a school or a missionary, absolutely destitute of Christian light.

It has been said that these heathen tribes are a vanishing people, destined to decline and finally to disappear. Certainly their condition for two hundred years has tended to decrease them, and yet, when Columbus discovered America there were not double the number that there are now. In happier conditions than formerly, there is a decided increase in the Indian population, as there is betterment in their customs and modes of life. Their missionary teachers find them with the ancient characteristics unchanged—rude in thought, though with a marked intellectual power. The open book of nature, the Indian knows well. He will tell you the habits of bird and beast and tree and plant. He will tell you the time of day by looking at a leaf. But the life of civilization comes hard to him. He does not know the value of time, nor the value of money. It is hard for him to measure his days or to provide for the future, or to care for to-morrow. He has not the heredity of civilization and Christianity, hence missionary work sometimes seems slow in progress, but it is surely gaining upon this almost dead past of half a century. Thirteen Missionary Boards are now pressing forward to teach them the way and the truth and the life.

The doors are wide open as never before. The hearts of the Indians are friendly as never for two hundred years. If the majority of them show as yet no deep desire for that which Christianity brings, they are not, in this, dissimilar from other heathen. But this desire is growing. The Government at last is seeking to redeem the past. It has appropriated for the Indian tribes reservations larger, in square miles, than the whole German Empire. The Republic of France must re-annex considerable of its ancient possessions before it will own as much land as is now the property of the Indians in the United States. Under these conditions, the hopefulness of the past argues for a more hopeful future of missionary work.

Our mission is to raise up teachers, preachers, interpreters and a native agency that shall work for the regeneration of their own people. It is a mission that is hopeful.

It means a good deal to teach those who come to us in moccasins and blankets, arithmetic, algebra, the elements of geometry, physical geography, natural philosophy and mental science. It means much to give them an industrial training that shall show them how to live rightly, and enable them to do it. But above all, in all and through all, is the gospel of Christ, which is the power of God to their salvation. Perhaps no missions to the heathen have been more blessed than many of these to the wild, painted savages. Thousands who were barbarian in heart and in deed are now true disciples of Christ. Where heathenism held its revels, now the church-bell calls the red man to prayer, and the war-whoop is being exchanged for songs of Christian praise. Wigwams are being transformed into houses, and coarse and cruel people are illustrating home piety and virtues. The prayers of God's people have been well directed, and there is every reason why they should be increased, the wilderness and the solitary place being made glad for them. The missionaries among them behold the time when God will make for them a way, even a highway, that shall be the way of holiness, in which the redeemed shall walk and the ransomed of the Lord shall come to Zion with joy and gladness.

* * * * *

BUREAU OF WOMAN'S WORK

MISS D.E. EMERSON, SECRETARY* * * * *

WOMAN'S STATE ORGANIZATIONS.

CO-OPERATING WITH THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION

ME.—Woman's Aid to A.M.A., Chairman of Committee,

Mrs. C.A. Woodbury, Woodfords, Me.

VT.—Woman's Aid to A.M.A., Chairman of Committee,

Mrs. Henry Fairbanks, St. Johnsbury, Vt.

VT.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, Secretary,

Mrs. Ellen Osgood, Montpelier, Vt.

CONN.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, Secretary,

Mrs. S.M. Hotchkiss, 171 Capitol Ave., Hartford, Conn.

N.Y.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, Secretary,

Mrs. William Spalding, Salmon Block, Syracuse,

N.Y.

ALA.—Woman's Missionary Association, Secretary,

Mrs. G.W. Andrews, Talladega, Ala.

OHIO.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, Secretary,

Mrs. Flora K. Regal, Oberlin, Ohio.

IND.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, Secretary,

Mrs. W.E. Mossman, Fort Wayne, Ind.

ILL.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, Secretary, Mrs.

C.H. Taintor, 151 Washington St., Chicago, Ill.

MICH.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, Secretary,

Mrs. Mary B. Warren, Lansing, Mich.

WIS.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, Secretary,

Mrs. C. Matter, Brodhead, Wis.

MINN.—Woman's Home Miss. Society, Secretary,

Miss Katharine Plant, 2651 Portland Avenue,

Minneapolis, Minn.

IOWA.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, Secretary,

Miss Ella E. Marsh, Grinnell, Iowa.

KANSAS.—Woman's Home Miss. Society, Secretary,

Mrs. G.L. Epps, Topeka, Kan.

NEB.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, President,

Mrs. F.H. Leavitt, 1216 H St., Lincoln, Neb.

DAKOTA.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, President,

Mrs. T.M. Hills, Sioux Falls; Secretary, Mrs.

W.R. Dawes, Redfield; Treasurer, Mrs. S.E.

Fifield, Lake Preston.

* * * * *

REPORT OF SECRETARY

It is fitting that woman should have a part in a work that finds its centre of operations in Christian schools and homes for the training of the exceptional classes reached by the American Missionary Association.

Let us not forget that the Indians for whom we work have been excluded from our civilized communities, until it is difficult to win them to our customs, our language and our religion; that until only about twenty-five years ago, generation after generation of our colored people had been born to bondage, and had groaned its hopeless life away in far greater misery than the same conditions brought in uncivilized Africa—misery made deeper and keener by contrasts in civilized America. Is it a wonder that the women of a slave race lost their womanly instincts; that the moral nature was blunted and marred; that the mind became impoverished, the heart a waste place for poisonous weeds to grow?

Let us not forget that the mountain people have been passed by, until shrinking farther and farther into the seclusion of their hills and ravines, and living unto themselves, they have lost the sturdy qualities of their ancestors.

What kind of homes do we find among these people, where the children with their impressible minds are receiving their first instruction?

Our teacher is invited to visit the home of a Kentucky girl, one somewhat above the average. Beautiful for situation, up a winding road, past cascades and mountain waterfalls, upon a high plateau the home is found—a box house, one room, no windows, two beds, four chairs, a table, a few dishes, father, mother, seven children, dogs, cats, and chickens. At retiring hour the teacher is pointed to the corner and is told she is to sleep there. A pile of dirty, ragged quilts are pulled out from under the beds, some bags and rags rolled for pillows, and the family dispose of themselves for the night, with no change of clothing, scarcely the removal of shoes. Change the box house to a tent, put the fire in the centre, and with less furniture, but no more smoke or dirt, you have the tepee home of the Indian. Match the dilapidation and the dirt, the narrow quarters and the large family, and you have the cabin home in the Georgia swamps and the lowlands of Louisiana. The conditions in the main are the same—an untutored father and mother, no books, no pictures, no newspapers, no clean clothes, no Sunday, no God.

At first sight our sympathies are aroused by the lack of all ordinary comforts and conveniences of home life, but transplant the family into a neat cottage, suitably furnished for a home, explaining to them its advantages and uses, and let us see if thus we have met the need. What a disappointment! Their old habits still cling to them. They do not know the names or use of the kitchen utensils; they have no proper knowledge of cooking, no orderly habits; there is no family or personal reserve. There are books and newspapers, but they cannot read them, or cannot read intelligently because of their meagre vocabulary. Evidently the real degradation of these people does not lie wholly in the poor cabins or tents, the scant furniture, the ragged clothing, the shiftlessness and poverty. It is deep in the nature, and far harder to overcome than any outward conditions.

We want to help them: we ought to help them. For what were we nurtured and shielded in Christian homes; why taught self-restraint, self-reliance, the law of God as applied to our duty to ourselves and our neighbors? Why have our hands been trained to skillful work, our minds opened to knowledge, if not to make these our talents ten more by their exercise in behalf of such needy ones? But how shall we convey to them the blessings of intelligent, Christian home life? I am sure every womanly heart gives the same response: through the children.

That is our way—the foundation of the broad work of this Association. We cannot expect the mothers to teach their children what they do not know themselves, have never seen and cannot understand. So we bring the youth out of these homes, cut off as far as possible from their low surroundings, into our missionary schools, where they are lifted into a purer atmosphere and are brought into daily contact with refined Christian womanhood. Here mind and heart and hand are trained. Not only do they learn habits of fore-thought and industry, but by the blessing of the Holy Spirit very many of them learn the saving power there is in Jesus Christ. Ten thousand youth we have thus reached within the last year. Is it not a grand work, worthy your heartiest support? There is encouragement in all our fields, but especially now in what is accomplished for the girls of the colored race. Their perils are peculiar. Your hearts would ache could you know all the dangers that encompass them. They are beset on every hand. Not a girl in our schools is safe. They, of all others, are the ones that are tried, tempted, allured. Do they go out to teach, they are watched, written to, harassed, and only as strong in God's strength and deliverance can they escape. When you think of the snares set for these girls, and that no father or brother may even yet dare defend them, and when you know that there are those—yes, very many—who, guided by Christian teachers stand firm in the purity of their womanhood, clinging to the Everlasting Arm, how plain it is that God has a plan, a purpose for this race, when we shall have fulfilled our duty to them, and when their fiery furnace of trial shall have done its work!

And these people are not in Asia, or Africa, or the Islands of the Sea. They are within our own domain—ten millions of them—a constant reminder of our duty, a threat of danger if duty is neglected. You may say, what are ten thousand youth among ten millions? They are the leaven, which, if a woman take and properly direct shall leaven the whole mass. The American Missionary Association has these youth, and through these, access to larger numbers. It has been no easy matter to win the alienated Indian until he would give up his boys and girls to our care; nor to break through the ignorant pride and reserve of the mountaineers; or even to wisely direct the impulsive, selfishly ambitious, undisciplined colored people. But it has been done. Our school homes are there, upon the sure foundation of gospel, no caste principles, and we need the help of every Christian woman in the land to sustain what has been established at such painstaking and cost, and to meet the demand for the new phases of help that can now be given.

That some of our church woman in the North are interested, is shown by the twenty-eight thousand dollars of contributions received from them during the past year. That they are alive to the advantage of reaching this field through the American Missionary Association and thus keeping in sympathy with the work of the churches in their annual contributions, is shown in the formation of State Unions, for direct co-operation with us. We consider it especially favorable that the purpose of these State organizations is to increase the flow of money and other forms of helpfulness through the regular channels to this part of the home field; that thus the young people and strangers who are gathered into the church auxiliaries are being interested in the history and work of the American Missionary Association and that the children—the future church members—also are learning to give to it, for the sake of the people to whom it ministers.

It has been a great help to us, that in the past year the Woman's Aid of Maine sustained four teachers, that the Woman's Aid of Vermont contributed so faithfully to their adopted school at McIntosh, Ga., and Connecticut ladies to the Industrial School for colored girls in Thomasville. We cannot speak too highly of the efficiency of the New York Woman's Union, which pledges us a definite sum, increasing the amount annually, and keeping its pledge. The Ohio Union has sustained Miss Collins' mission in Dakota and a teacher in the South. The Minnesota Union met nearly two-thirds the cost of our school at Jonesboro', Tenn., and the Iowa Union more than one-third the expense of Beach Institute, Savannah, Ga. The ladies of other States have helped in the girls' department of our school at Tougaloo, Miss., the schools at Athens and Mobile, Ala., Austin, Tex., Williamsburg, Ky. and Santee Agency, Neb. These friends have been in communication with the schools they have aided, learning of the needs and economical measures of help. They have been permitted to know for themselves the hopeful results of patient Christian endeavor. For many of our scholars are beginning quietly and persistently to do noble Christian work in the locality in which they live, relieving the destitute, reading, singing, praying with the sick and infirm and themselves growing stronger and wiser in religious work every day. There are many who appreciate and long for a better and purer life for their own people, and they are doing much to elevate the tone of society. They are the leaven. They can transform the home life—to some extent the old homes—but in much larger degree the new, in giving intelligent parentage to the little ones of their own households.

In order to make the work so well begun tell most for the future, the woman's skill is required in its every phase. The homes must have their visitors, schools their teachers; pastors urgently call for the special missionary. There are those who are willing to go. Will the ladies of the churches provide the means? Will you Christian women—the women of our churches, come to the aid of the American Missionary Association, in support of your sisters in the field? If you will do this, we shall have no more debt. If you will do this, there will be far less of heart-aching denial to those who plead with us year by year to send them just one—only one Christian woman to guide and teach.

It costs but four hundred dollars a missionary. Yet of those who have been appointed for the new year—some already at work, others now on the way—there are one hundred whose support is not yet provided; and only four hundred dollars a missionary! What a glow would enter the hearts of these noble, self-denying woman, if from the Woman's Bureau word might go that the ladies of such churches have provided for you, and you, and you! Weary with the constant drain upon mind and heart, as they come in contact with the warped, barren lives of the people whom they would help, how it would refresh them to feel that because they are your missionaries you are working for, thinking of and praying for them. One hundred woman missionaries unprovided for!

At the word of the Lord we put out into the deep and let down the nets. The draught is great, our nets are breaking, and we beckon unto you, our partners in the other boat to come and help us—to share in the work and the reward.

* * * * *

RECEIPTS FOR OCTOBER, 1888

MAINE. $261.51

Alfred. Cong. Ch. and Soc. …12.92

Bingham. Cong. Ch. …2.00

Brewer. M. Hardy 50 to const. MRS.

ADDIE B. GARDNER L.M., Mrs. C.S.

Hardy 30, to const. MRS. SARAH L.

WING, L.M. …80.00

Bridgton. First Cong. Ch. and

Soc. …17.03

Brunswick. First Cong. Ch. …54.25

Castine. Class of little girls.

No. 9. Trin. Ch. Sab. Sch., for

Student Aid, Tougaloo U. …2.31

East Orrington. Cong. Ch. …4.00

Gorham. "Young Ladies Helping Hand"

Cong. Ch. …25.00

Lebanon Center. Mrs. Sophronia D. Lord …1.00

Lewiston. Richard C. Stanley …5.00

Norridgewock. Cong. Ch. and Soc. …35.00

Oxford. Rev. Geo. F. Tewksbury …2.00

Princeton. Cong. Ch. …6.00

Richmond. Sab. Sen. of Cong. Ch. for

Student Aid, Talladega C. …10.00

Sherman Mills. Washburn Memorial Ch. …5.00

NEW HAMPSHIRE, $340.97

Bennington. Cong. Ch. …8.22

Candia. Mrs. A.E. Page …1.00

Campton. Cong. Ch. …16.22

Concord. By Mrs. Enoch Gerrish,

Freight for McLeansville, N.C. …1.00

Deerfield. Cong. Ch. …8.60

Milford. Cong. Ch. to const. WILLIAM C.

CLEAVES and ARTHUR M. WINSLOW L.M'S …65.00

Nashua. Pilgrim Ch. (30 of which from

SUSAN P. PEARSON to const. herself L.M) …150.08

New Ipswich. Childrens' 26th Annual Fair for Benev. objects (4.67 of which for Indian Schools) …18.18

Peterboro. "Mother and daughter" …5.00

Union. "Ladies and Band of Hope" by Mrs.

G.S. Butler, for Storrs Sch.

Atlanta, Ga. …11.00

Warner. Cong. Ch. …10.41

Winchester. Cong. Ch. and Soc. (24 of which for Student Aid. Gregory Inst., Wilmington, N.C.) …40.41

Winchester. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch. …5.85

VERMONT, $866.60

Brattleboro. Central Cong. Ch. …100.00

Brownington. Martha S. Stone …10.00

Burlington. First Cong. Ch., adl. …2.00

Derby. Cong. Ch. …5.00

Derby. Ladies of Cong. Ch., by Mrs.

David Hopkinson, for McIntosh,

Ga. …4.00

Essex Junction. Cong. Ch. …20.00

Fair Haven. First Cong. Ch.

and Soc. …10.21

Grandby and Victory. Cong. Ch.

and Soc. …2.77

Grand Isle. Mrs. Martha Ladd,

for Indian M. …3.00

Highgate. Cong. Ch. …7.30

Jamaica. Cong. Ch. and Soc. …10.27

Marshfield. Lyman Clark …15.00

New Haven. "A Friend" …15.00

Newport. Cong. Ch. and Soc. …14.20

North Ferrisburg. Mrs Maria D.

Wicker (120 of which to const.

ROXA M. CHAMPLIN, ALMA M. WEBB,

Mrs. EMMA W. WICKER and ABBIE D.

WICKER L.M's) …500.00

Orwell. Cong. Ch. and Soc. …13.75

Saint Johnsbury. Mrs. T.M.

Howard and Mrs. E.D. Blodget,

for Student Aid, Fisk U. …50.00

Salisbury. Cong. Ch. 15, bal.

to const. DEA. CYRUS BUMP L.M.,

"Friends in Cong. Ch." $1.50 …16.50

Sharon. "Three Friends in Cong. Ch." …2.00

Swanton. C.C. Long …10.00

Vergennes. Cong. Ch. …10.00

Vergennes. Eliza S. Stevens,

Freight for McIntosh, Ga. …2.00

West Dover. Cong. Ch. …3.00

West Randolph. Mrs. Laura Salisbury

Smith to const. H. PORTER SMITH, L.M. …30.00

Wilmington. Cong. Ch. …8.00

Vermont Woman's Home Missionary

Union, by Mrs. Wm. P. Fairbanks,

Treas. for McIntosh, Ga.:

Manchester. Miss Ellen

Tuttle in memory of her

brother 2.60

–– 2.60

MASSACHUSETTS, $4,089.39

Amherst. First Cong. Ch., 35,

South Cong. Ch. 4.08,

Miss Mary H. Scott, Bbl. of C. etc. …39.08

Andover. Ladies' Union Home M. Soc. …92.59

Andover. West Cong. Ch., adl. …23.00

Baldwinville. Memorial Sab. Sch., for

Student Aid, Gregory Inst.,

Wilmington, N.C. …8.00

Beverly. Wm. O. Grover, for Talladega C. …100.00

Beverly. Washington St. Ch. …30.00

Boston. C.H. Bond, 250; John N. Denison, 100; H.O. Houghton, 50; Dr. Wm. P. Wesselhoeff, 50; F.L. Garrison. 5, and Mrs. A.H Batcheller, 25, for Talladega C. …480.00

C.A. Hopkins, for Boarding Hall, Pleasant Hill, Tenn. …100.00

S.D. Smith, American Organ,

for Sherwood, Tenn. …75.00

Brighton. Evan Cong. Ch. and

Soc. …153.73

Dorchester. Mrs. Ruth W.

Prouty …5.00

Miss Mary A. Tuttle,

for Indian M. …9.10

Roxbury. Immanuel Cong. Ch. …96.65

Eliot Ch., adl. …1.00

John H. Soren …1.00

–– 921.48

Bridgewater. Central Sq. Cong. Ch., 48;

"E.F.H.," 1 …49.00

Brookline. Harvard Ch. …54.76

Cambridgeport. Pilgrim Ch. …26.00

Chelsea. "A Friend in First Ch." …5.00

Concord. Trin. Cong. Ch. …25.58

Cummington. Mrs. H.M. Porter …2.00

Danvers. Maple St. Ch. …176.47

Deerfield. Orthodox Cong. Ch. …30.32

Easthampton. First Cong. Ch., for Santee

Indian M. …12.50

East Marshfield. Second Cong. Ch. …5.00

East Wareham. Abby Bourne and Hannah

B. Cannon …10.00

Everett. Cong. Ch. …25.10

Fall River. Mrs. R.K. Remington, for

New Out Station, Indian M. …700.00

Fall River. Leonard N. Slade …5.00

Fitchburg. Rollstone Ch. 35;

Cal. Cong. Ch. 24.30 …59.30

Gardner. Woman's Miss'y. Soc., by Mrs.

F.H. Whittemore, for Indian Sch'p. …50.00

Haverhill. Chas. Coffin …4.50

Harvard. Cong. Ch. …14.75

Haydenville. Cong. Ch., adl., to const.

THOMAS S. PURRINGTON L.M. …2.00

Holbrook. Winthrop Ch. …44.85

Lakeville and Taunton. Precinct Cong.

Sab. Sch. …11.05

Lowell. "Friend" …14.00

Ludlow Center. Ladies of First Cong. Ch. for Tougaloo U. …10.00

Lynn. Chestnut St. Ch. …5.00

Manchester. Cong. Ch. …18.38

Medfield. Second Cong. Ch. …92.36

Melrose. Orthodox Cong. Ch. and Soc. …89.92

Melrose Highlands. Mrs. F.W. Lewis …0.50

Methuen. First Parish Cong. Ch. …23.42

Middleboro. Central Cong. Ch. …36.00

New Salem. Cong. Ch. …8.00

Newton. Sab. Sch. Class, North Evan Ch. for Student Aid, Santee Indian Sch. …37.50

Newton Center. First Cong. Ch. …71.80

North Abington. Rev. Jesse H. Jones …5.00

Northampton. Edwards Ch. Benev. Soc. …185.06

Northboro. Evan. Cong. Ch. …41.98

Northbridge. Rockdale Cong. Ch. …4.00

North Leominster. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch. for Rosebud Indian M. …20.10

Norton. Trin. Cong. Ch. and Soc. …10.00

North Wilbraham. Grace Union Ch. …10.50

Saxonville. Edwards Cong. Ch. …18.00

Shelburne. Cong. Ch., to const MISS

MARY E. FELLOWS L.M. …42.00

Sherborn. "By a former Teacher." …10.00

Somerville. Miss M.C. Sawyer, for

Tougaloo U. …20.00

Southampton. Teachers and Pupils, Infant

Class, Cong. Ch. …1.00

Southboro. Member of Pilgrim Ch., adl. …8.00

South Byfield. By Mrs. Geo. L. Gleason,

Freight for Williamsburg, Ky. …1.00

South Egremont. Cong. Ch. …26.68

Southfield. Cong. Ch. …15.00

South Framingham. South Cong. Ch. …87.77

South Hadley. Cong. Ch. …24.00

South Royalston. Amos Blanchard. …10.00

Spencer. First Cong. Ch. …85.00

Springfield. Sab. Sch. of South Cong. Ch.,

for Student Aid, Santee Indian Sch. …70.00

Stockbridge. Miss Alice Byington, for

Indian M. …30.00

Sudbury. Ladies of Cong. Ch., Freight for

Straight U. …3.00

Oxford. Woman's Miss'y Soc. by Miss

L.D. Stockwell, for Tougaloo U. …14.00

Oxford. Ladies' Miss'y Soc., Freight for

Kittrell N.C. …2.50

Pittsfield. Mrs. Mary E. Sears …5.00

Revere. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. …13.50

Rockland. Cong. Ch., to const. FRANK