The American Missionary. Volume 42, No. 08, August, 1888

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*ATLANTA UNIVERSITY.*

BY MISS E.B. EMERY

This is a marvelous institution. It is a reproduction of New England, and that the finest; therein lies its supremacy and its offense. The Glenn Bill, designed to ruin the institution, has had the usual effect of such devices; it has improved decidedly the fortunes of the school. Nothing advances a cause like persecution; the peculiar advantage and irresistible power of the University are more manifest than ever, and in the space of a few months it has gained a reputation over the country, and won a place in the hearts of all good people, which twenty years of ordinary work could hardly have done; still, we must not be blind to the fact that this is really due to the twenty years of hard work, prayer and self-sacrifice.

When the books of Heaven are opened, it will then be seen how much of silent self-sacrifice, how much of grand living and grand doing, is set down to these Southern missionaries. Much called inglorious now, will be glorious then, and "the last shall be first."

The anniversary exercises of the University commenced on May 24, by oral examinations, which continued two days. They were in all departments, classical, normal, preparatory and industrial. The classical department, though small, as in all these institutions, has always been very high in Atlanta; the chief advance, however, the past few years, has been in the normal and industrial divisions, and this appeared in the fact that all the graduates this year, numbering thirteen girls, were in the normal department. The work is done by teachers from the North, experienced in the best normal methods, and nothing on the Southern field can be more vital and important. Three-quarters of the students going out from these higher institutions devote themselves to teaching, and when the North has some realization of the dense ignorance of the Southern black population, the need of this will readily appear. In the State of Alabama are 80,000 colored voters who cannot read, and though the children of a small proportion of these voters do learn to read, the greater number do not, and cannot till the Northern churches open their eyes to facts, and do more to remedy this monster evil. And this ignorance of the blacks means not only ignorance, but grossest immorality. Alabama in this respect is an average State; Georgia is a little better, others much worse.

The industrial work of Atlanta consists, first, in farm-work. The farm of sixty acres, which is the most beautiful spot in the State of Georgia, and under the superintendence of a Massachusetts farmer, speaks for itself. The young men learn, also, wood-work, draughting and forging; they exhibit some exquisite specimens of lathe and chisel-work, and the young carpenters readily find employment in the city at the highest wages. The girls not only do much of the work of the boarding-houses, but have special and daily lessons in cooking and sewing; and I can testify to their practical skill.

The baccalaureate sermon was preached on Sunday, May 27, by Rev. C.W. Francis, the pastor of the University church, and, the past year, Acting President, also. It was a notable occasion. The commodious chapel of Stone Hall was packed, the many students of course filling a large space, while their friends and former students filled in the background. Colored people are by nature ardent and magnetic, and when education and religion have developed their characters and toned down their absurdities, they are a very interesting and attractive people.

Forward on the platform and side seats were Dr. Strieby and Dr. Beard, of New York, the honored Secretaries of the American Missionary Association, Dr. Woodworth, of Massachusetts, Dr. Pentecost, of Brooklyn, N.Y., with Mr. Stebbins, his sweet singer, now holding revival meetings in Atlanta, and the faculty and workers generally of the University.

The sermon was preached without notes, as is usual with Prof. Francis, and with his usual quiet earnestness. The discourse was as tender as it was able and wise, and ever to be remembered by the thirteen girls sitting just before him.

Of the singing on such an occasion, no Northern audience can have any conception. The closing hymn was that grand one, "Guide me, O thou Great Jehovah!" It is almost an anthem, and when it is known that the voice of the colored man or woman is three-fold more powerful, richer and sweeter than that of the white, one may try to imagine the effect of nearly a thousand voices.

Commencement was held May 28, in the Friendship Baptist church. The house was filled, many standing for the nearly three hours. The singing was by a large chorus of students, trained most faithfully and successfully by the music teacher of the University, Miss Rebecca Massey. One Jubilee Song was given, "March On"; other selections were classical; the chorus from Mendelssohn's Elijah, "Thanks be to God," being especially fine. The exercises were closed by a spirited rendering of the Anvil Chorus.

Miss Massey is a native of Ohio, and a graduate of Oberlin Musical Conservatory, and is one of the most thoroughly educated musicians in the South. Recently she bought a reserved seat to Gilmore's concert in Atlanta, and in the Imperial City of the Empire State of the South, in the noble city of the reconstructed Henry W. Grady, she was marched out of the hall by a policeman, simply and solely because her blood is one-quarter colored!

The commencement essays of the thirteen young ladies would have done credit to any Northern institution; they were in good taste, thoughtful and high-toned, indicative of culture and a missionary spirit. These girls may never be famous, but they will be useful and successful, which is infinitely better.

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*COMMENCEMENT AT FISK UNIVERSITY.*

PRES. E.H. CRAVATH, D.D

Fisk University held, on the 13th of June, its twenty-third anniversary, reckoning from the founding of the Fisk School. The weather was perfect, and all the exercises of the day were highly satisfactory. Five were graduated from College. One member of the class had been called away during the year by the death of his father. The commencement address was delivered by Rev. C.H. Richards, D.D., of Madison, Wis. Subject, "Making Life Beautiful." The address was admirable in thought, style and delivery, and greatly delighted the vast audience of citizens and students. Dr. Richards paid a high compliment to the graduates, and those who had furnished the music for the occasion. The commencement dinner called forth very pleasant reminiscences of the early days, and many confident predictions concerning; the growth of the University in the future.

One noticeable and hopeful feature of this anniversary was the large increase in the attendance of alumni. Heretofore, anniversary week has come before the close of the schools in which the larger part of our alumni are employed. This year it came three weeks later than formerly. This change was made to better accommodate the little army of student-teachers, which is sent out annually to the country public schools. It was found that by far the larger number of these schools do not begin until the first of July.

Fisk is fortunate in having alumni who are everywhere noted for their love and loyalty, and the University points to them and their work with great pride and rejoicing. The anniversary exercises of the Alumni Association this year were excellent. Mr. Crosthwait spoke of "Nehemiah's Plan," and most beautifully and forcibly applied it to the work to be done by the colored people to build up the walls of their city. Prof. L.C. Anderson, Principal of Prairie View Normal School of Texas, spoke of our "Public School System," in a very instructive way. Mr. Anderson is doing a noble work at Prairie View, and has made the school the pride of the State which supports it. Nearly $300 was contributed toward the alumni endowment fund, as the result of the movement to persuade each graduate to contribute annually one per cent. of his earnings to help his alma mater.

The number of students in the past year has been the largest in the history of the University. The catalogue shows an enrollment of 475. There has been marked growth in the numbers in the Department of Music. Students begin to seek the University for instruction in this department alone. During the year the Mozart Society rendered the oratorio of "Elijah," both in the city and at the University, with marked success.

The address at the graduating exercises of the Normal Department was delivered by Rev. C.S. Smith of Nashville, Secretary of the Sunday-school Union of the A.M.E. Church. It was an earnest and forcible appeal to the colored people of the South to respond to the efforts made in their behalf by Northern friends, by doing the utmost possible for themselves. Many readers of the MISSIONARY will remember Mr. Smith as the delegate of the A.M.E. Church to the Triennial Council in Chicago. The Sunday-school Union has just purchased a handsome building on the public square in Nashville as a publishing house, and under Mr. Smith's management has been eminently successful.

The missionary sermon on Sunday morning, June 10th, was preached by Dr. Warren A. Candler, who has just been honored by being elected President of Emory College, Oxford, Ga. All will remember that this place was vacated some two or three years ago by Dr. Atticus G. Haygood, that he might devote himself entirely to the work connected with the administration of the John F. Slater Fund. Dr. Candler is a strong, liberal and earnest man, who will wield a great power wherever he labors.

The President of the University preached the baccalaureate sermon from the words, "My kingdom is not of this world." The anniversary of the Literary Societies was held Friday night, June 8th, and the Senior Preparatory class had its exhibition on Thursday night, the 7th, at which time eleven were admitted to College, having passed satisfactory examinations. Necessarily the growth of numbers in the higher departments of education must be slow in the case of institutions founded for a race so recently emancipated and laboring under great poverty and unusual disadvantages. This, however, should serve to strengthen purpose and intensify effort, for it shows the vital necessity of well-trained leaders from among the people themselves. Professional training without previous course of liberal education cannot provide the men that are required for this day and generation among the colored people of the United States or for missionaries on the Dark Continent.

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*AN HOUR AT STRAIGHT UNIVERSITY.*

BY MRS. A.B. SHATTUCK

Two Congregational pilgrims found themselves on the first day of March in New Orleans, prepared to do all the sight-seeing which the daylight of forty-eight consecutive hours permitted.

On our way in the horse-cars to one of the beautiful cemeteries, we approached a group of large buildings on the left, and some one said, "That is the university of the colored people," and then we saw "Straight University" in bold letters upon the front of the central building. Now "Straight" was down upon our list of "points," but we had not looked up its location and supposed it farther from the center, so we were glad to stop on our return and save an extra trip. Three plain substantial structures occupy a handsome corner lot, leaving space for the additions already so much needed. The location is very fine, so near the heart of the city, upon that broad, beautiful avenue, whose name is suggestive of anything but breadth and beauty to New York or Chicago people—Canal street. Windows and doors were open, and, seeking entrance at the nearest, we found ourselves in the dining-hall, and were ushered across the yard to the central building and up a flight of stairs, at the head of which, in a small, crowded office, was President Hitchcock.

The sight of a tourist at that season, when the city is overrun with them, could hardly have been more welcome than a book agent to that busy man, but there was not a trace of annoyance in his greeting. He sent away his companions and devoted himself to the duties of a cicerone as cheerfully as though that were the chief end of the president of a university. We went the rounds of class-rooms, halls and dormitories, our interest and our leader's enthusiasm continually increasing.

The primaries are in two long, narrow rooms, lighted only on one side and not nearly large enough. But how the little throats did roll out the music and what time they kept, when called upon for a song! Another treat was a song from a young lady who was practicing in the music room. The modest grace with which she complied when asked to sing for us, is almost as pleasant a memory as her beautiful voice.

Up close to the roof, in a low attic, we found the industrial departments, a printing press and a cabinet shop. Creditable work of both kinds was shown. A paper is edited and printed by the students, and the housekeeper of the party shut her eyes and said the tenth commandment over a certain little table in one corner. Industrial training is not a specialty at Straight. What is done in that line is more a recreation than a branch of study. We were told, with evident pride in the fact, that all the outfit we saw was purchased by the students themselves. Not a dollar of the funds of the Association had gone toward it. Every class-room seemed crowded. The statement that applicants had to be turned away every week needed no confirmation.

Coming so recently from Tougaloo it was interesting to note the difference between the two institutions. A comparison cannot be invidious, because they belong to different states in every sense of the word. Since the aim of the American Missionary Association is the elevation of the colored people, there is room for a diversity of institutions and methods. Tougaloo is admirably situated for industrial departments. Straight has neither room nor time for them, but meets the demand for a higher grade of scholarship, and draws its students from a wider range and from a class who have more home training, more money, and, therefore, more leisure for a full course of study. They come from the whole circumference of the Gulf, from Cuba and from Central America. Many more could be drawn from abroad if there were room to receive them. The most inveterate hatred of puns can hardly keep one from spelling Straight without the gh. Many of the students are largely of Creole blood and have the traits of Gallic ancestry well defined.

"In two respects," said our host, "I have been greatly disappointed. I was told before I came here that I would have trouble in teaching the pupils habits of neatness, and that they were naturally lazy. I find them just the opposite. They are exceptionally neat and tidy about their persons and their rooms. As for being lazy, we could not ask for more diligent students as a rule, and they are up in the morning earlier than we want them to be."

No notes were taken of the many interesting statements made, for there was no thought of this article then. But the recollection of the talk as we passed through rooms and halls toward our exit, always brings regret that the audience had not been two thousand Congregationalists instead of the two who went their way with a firm conviction that Straight University is a place where the investment of a few thousand dollars of the Lord's money would bring speedy and large returns. It is fortunate that in this case, as in the famous one of the deacon's wife, all have not the same taste and judgment. The advocates of industrial training need not hoard their money because Straight has so little manual labor. Tougaloo will gladly and wisely use all they have to give. And those who hold that the moral and intellectual training of teachers and pastors is the only proper work of such schools, need not look askant at the workshops of Tougaloo, lest some of their benefactions should be spent for saws or anvils or solder, while Straight is crying out for room to hold those who want exactly that kind of training.

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*CLOSING EXERCISES AT TILLOTSON.*

Of the six chartered institutions of the A.M.A., Fisk, Atlanta, Talladega, Tougaloo, Straight and Tillotson, the last is the youngest, the most remote and the most deprived of Northern aid and sympathy. In plan and aim its work is identical with theirs; in quantity its work is less, because, in part, it has less resources, but in quality we believe our closing exercises would show our work at least not inferior to some of the others.

Our examinations occupied the whole of Friday and extended through Monday and Tuesday forenoons. The questionings through which the students passed were not only creditable to them and their instructors, but satisfactory to visiting teachers and others invited to join in testing their knowledge of the studies pursued. The exhibition of the sewing and the practice of the calisthenic class attracted special attention.

On Saturday, May 26, came Tillotson Day, designed, like Alumni Associations, to foster in the minds of present and past students, not only a love of the institution, but of the great work of educating and uplifting the colored people. Last year the day was inaugurated with a programme a little more extended than that of this year. Among other speakers then Miss M.J. Adams, our first matron and now our special missionary, gave reminiscences and a gracefully written narrative of the opening of the school in January, 1881. Mrs. Judge Garland read a valuable paper on the work done by Tillotson in connection with her own school in another part of the city. In '81 she sent her older classes up to the Institute. The next year her large school outside was considered a part of us and so counted in the catalogue. In '83 she joined our teaching force, naturally attracting many of her old pupils within our walls. In '84 and '85 she took other work, but neither herself nor Judge Garland has lost interest in the welfare of the Institute.

This year the Rev. Dr. Wright, our only trustee in Austin, gave us an excellent address, concluding with extracts from Mr. Tillotson's letters and a very interesting account of the procuring of the site on which our building now stands, generally thought to be the finest and most conspicuous in the city. After this came a few words from one of the Faculty, and four short speeches from as many representatives of the students, after which came refreshments and a social time on the grounds.

On Sunday morning the president preached before the students the closing sermon of the year. On Tuesday evening the annual concert and exhibition was given to a full house and an enthusiastic audience. The commencement exercises of Wednesday, consisting of essays, original orations and musical pieces, not only brought out the ability and attainments of the students, but seemed to impress patrons, friends and visitors present, with the quality of the work done and the standard maintained at Tillotson.

In spite of some disappointment caused by the great severity of last year's drought, our numbers have somewhat increased and the year has been a good one.

Never has the work of Christian education, in which the A.M.A. is engaged, seemed so absolutely necessary as at this hour in uplifting the people and purifying the churches.

H.L.H.* * * * *

THE INDIANS

We are in the midst of the closing exercises of school for the year past. Some three or four hundred Indians, chiefly relatives of pupils, are now encamped about us. These have come some as far as ninety miles, and some few a hundred and twenty-five miles, to attend the exercises and take their children home.

T.L. RIGGS, OAHE, DAK.* * * * *

SEWING WOMEN AT FORT BERTHOLD

To one coming in sight of the Berthold Mission, curiosity would be aroused by the sight of blanketed forms, two or three together, not walking side by side, but gliding along, one after another, with rapid steps toward the mission-house.

It is the afternoon of the Women's Sewing Meeting, and, although it does not begin until two o'clock, by one the room is generally full—yes, crowded, so that, in passing around among them, one has to stumble quite often over feet which have no place of retreat. We do not pretend to offer chairs to all. The floor holds as many without chairs as with, even tables and wood-box do not remain empty, but perched on each are the blanketed forms, from many of which the blankets have not fallen, at least not more than to show the face or head. Here the women sit patiently.

After sewing about two hours, the thimbles and needles are gathered up, the names taken, or something to designate each one, and each one's desires discovered: tea, sugar, or coffee, for this is a strong point where these women show their heathenism.

Some portion of God's truth and some help to a better life is then given to them in Gros Ventres and Ree; prayer offered, and they receive their little bag or package of tea, coffee or sugar. It has been a busy afternoon, and we are all tired, but it pays, O, how it pays, a thousand times over!

AN INDIAN CHURCH SOCIABLE

Do Indians have sociables? Indians like to visit, and they do enjoy a good supper. With these two qualifications, what else is necessary for a sociable? Some women to do the work. The women of the Women's Native Missionary Society, of Yankton Agency, are not lazy, nor are they slow in devising ways and means of making money; therefore, on the evening of Feb. 22, they had a sociable and charged 25 cents for supper. The cooking was done at the homes of Mrs. Brazeau, Mrs. Aungie, and Mrs. Williamson. The provisions were donated by the members of the society. A number of the women gave chickens, others flour, coffee, ham, potatoes, canned fruit, sugar, and some gave money with which to buy whatever was needed. Each one that gave something had her supper free. The moving of the printing office furniture to Santee left a large empty room; and as this room joins the school-room, it was a very convenient place in which to have the supper. A barrel of water was hauled; a woman hired to scrub the floor, and table and table-cloths were borrowed. The trader very obligingly lent dishes out of his store. Janet, Gertie and Esther were busy all the afternoon setting tables, and getting ready for the evening's reception. Towards evening the provisions came. Each woman was then to take her place—one to cut meat, one to cut pie and cake, another to wash dishes, and others to wait on the tables. Angie Cordier and Janet Strieker, who have been away to school, were quite expert in waiting on tables, and some of the young gentlemen who have been away were quite expert in calling for this and that. But none could equal the old man who had never spent a day of his life in school. This old man had borrowed 50 cents to take himself and friend to supper. He ate all that was given him, then called for potatoes. His plate was filled again and again with potatoes—and still he called for potatoes.

During the afternoon two young braves are riding around on their ponies. They halt before the windows. At last they gather up enough courage to ask if they can have supper and pay for it in the future. They have no money now, but are going to work and get some money, then they will pay. "No. We do not sell on credit." Soon after dark, the school-room began to fill up with women and their babies. A man comes with his little girl and mother-in-law, and borrows 50 cents to pay for the supper. He would also have brought his wife, but she could not leave home. Some eat their supper and leave. Others are sitting in the school-room looking at pictures and talking a very little, but it is rather stiff. The door opens and in walk the Doctor and Agency Clerk. No more stiffness after this. Those would be hard hearts indeed that would not thaw in the presence of these genial countenances. Other white people come. The Captain with his family take supper. He also brings in some of the outsiders who are looking in at the windows, and pays for their suppers. The Issue Clerk is quick to see the day-school children, who are peeping in at the window, and calls them in to give them their suppers. The ladies from the Government Boarding School come, bringing some of the larger children with them. These boys and girls, however, have earned money and pay for their own supper.

A lady from the store building passes around some tiny round blocks. "What is it, candy?" "No. Put it in your mouth," "Gum! Do you chew gum?" "No, but a gentleman who was visiting us a short time since left us a supply as his parting gift."