ORE FORMING PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS - GENERAL MINERAGENY

Иван Никулин

ORE FORMING PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS - GENERAL MINERAGENY

Глава 1

LOMONOSOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY

__________________________________________________

Faculty of Geology

ORE FORMING PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS -

GENERAL MINERAGENY

Iv.Iv. Nikulin

Revised and enlarged edition

TEXTBOOK

Recommended by the Educational and Methodological Council of the Faculty of Geology of Lomonosov Moscow State University as a textbook for students studying in the field of "Geology"

553.078.2+551.242.31(100)

26.31

H65

H65 Nikulin Iv.Iv. Ore forming processes and systems - General Minerageny: textbook. – M. : "KDU", 2026. – 522 p.

ISBN 978-5-00247-204-8

The textbook considers the subject, tasks, and main sections of minerageny – the regularities of the formation of deposits, geodynamic models, metallogenic analysis, and the development of criteria for searching for new deposits based on general regularities. Minerageny studies specific deposits and their genesis, i.e., it is mainly focused on the practical aspects of prospecting and exploration. The evolution of the minerageny of the main types of mineral deposits in the main milestones of Earth's development is analyzed. Taking into account new concepts of deep petro-geochemical differentiation of the Earth's matter, the processes of transfer of chemical elements and their accumulation are characterized. Based on modern theories of the formation and evolution of the Earth, the regularities of the formation of mineral deposits within their provinces and global belts on the planet are formulated.

Intended for students and master's students studying in the field of "Geology".

Contributing Editor: V.Iv. Starostin Reviewers: Prof. A.V.Bobrov, A.V. Volkov

General Minerageny : university textbook. – Moscow, Publishing House «KDU», 2026. – 522 p.

© I.I. Nikulin, 2026

ISBN 978-5-00247-204-8

© Publishing House «KDU», 2026

Content

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INFORMATION

Control questions

Tasks for self-solution and consolidation

References

CHAPTER 2. MINERAGENIC EPOCHS AND THE EVOLUTION OF PROCESSES,

RELATED TO ORE GENESIS

2.1. The stratification of the Earth and its consequence – sphere formation

2.2 Mobile belts as the lateral evolution of the Earth's layers

2.3. The importance of knowledge about the geodynamics of ore formation in mineragenic analysis

2.4. Epochs of ore formation in the Earth's crust

2.5. Precambrian metallogeny

2.6. Climatic changes and ore formation in the Earth's crust

2.7. Biosphere in the evolution of ore genesis as a function of minerageny

Control questions

Tasks for self-solution and consolidation:

References

CHAPTER 3. GEODYNAMIC CONDITIONS OF FORMATION MINERAL DEPOSITS

3.1. Oceanic environments

3.2. Subduction conditions

3.3. Active continental margins

3.4. Conflict situations

3.5. Indoor environments

Security questions

Tasks for self-solution and consolidation

References

CHAPTER 4. ORE-BEARING FORMATIONS AND FORMATION

MINERAL DEPOSITS

4.1. Formation of magmatism-related deposits

4.2. Formation of deposits associated with pegmatites

4.3. Formation of carbonatite-related deposits

4.4. Formation of scarn-related deposits

4.5. Formation of hydrothermal deposits

4.6. Formation of volcanogenic deposits

4.7. Ore-generating, ore-bearing, ore-forming, ore-hosting geological formations involved in the formation of exogenous deposits

4.8. Formation of organogenic (biogenic-sedimentary) deposits

4.9. Formation of metamorphogenic deposits

4.10. Accumulation of matter by organic matter

Control questions

Tasks for independent solution and consolidation

References

CHAPTER 5. ORGANIZATION OF GEOLOGICAL DATA AND PROGNOSTIC-SEARCH COMPLEX

5.1. Maintaining an archive of geological knowledge

5.2. Maintaining reference objects

5.3. Maintaining prognostic criteria

5.4. Maintaining assessment areas and prognostic sections

5.5. Prognostic modeling

5.6. Forecasting tools

5.7. Prognostic-search complexes

5.8. Updating the Data base

5.9. Quantitative assessment of mineralization by secondary halos and dispersion flows

5.10. Determination of the genetic type of mineralization

5.11. Characteristics of the sought deposit

5.12. Factors of ore genesis

5.13. Geological signs and criteria

5.14. Combinatorics techniques in metallogenic analysis and in the search process

5.15. Prognostic resources

Control questions

Tasks for independent solution and consolidation