ОГЭ-2026/2027 ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ Лайфхаки, фейлы и 100% полезной инфы

1. Синонимы-обманки

Утверждение заменяет слова из текста синонимами, но искажает смысл.

Пример:

Текст: «The device is eco-friendly».

Утверждение: «The device is energy-efficient» → Not Given (эко-дружелюбие ≠ энергоэффективность).

2. Частичная правда

Утверждение верно на 50%, но содержит добавленную ложную деталь.

Пример:

Текст: «The book was published in 2020».

Утверждение: «The book was published in 2020 and became a bestseller» → Not Given (о бестселлере не сказано).

3. Ложные причинно-следственные связи

Текст говорит о двух фактах, но не связывает их.

Пример:

Текст: «It rained yesterday. The flowers bloomed».

Утверждение: «The flowers bloomed because it rained» → Not Given (причина не указана).

Текст:

«The new park in Green City has a playground, a lake, and walking trails. It opens at 8 AM and closes at sunset. Entry is free for children under 12».

Утверждения:

1. The park has a swimming pool.

2. The park is open until 9 PM in summer.

3. Adults must pay to enter the park.

4. The park is located near a forest.

Ответы:

— False (в тексте упомянуты playground, lake, trails, но не бассейн).

— Not Given (текст говорит «closes at sunset», но не уточняет время для лета).

— Not Given (для взрослых плата не упоминается; сказано только «free for children under 12»).

— Not Given (о расположении рядом с лесом нет информации).

Текст:

In recent years, many schools worldwide have started adopting eco-friendly practices to reduce their environmental impact. For example, Green Valley School in Sweden has installed solar panels on its roof, which provide 80% of the building’s energy. Students there also participate in weekly recycling programs and grow vegetables in a school garden.

Another initiative is the «Zero Waste» campaign at Oceanview High in California. The school banned single-use plastics in its cafeteria and replaced them with biodegradable containers. Teachers report that students have become more environmentally conscious since the program began.

However, not all schools can afford such changes. Small rural schools often lack funding for solar panels or recycling facilities. Despite this, some organize tree-planting events or eco-clubs to engage students in sustainability.

Утверждения:

1. Green Valley School uses solar energy for all its electricity needs.

True

False

Not Given

2. Oceanview High students now use metal lunchboxes instead of plastic containers.

True

False

Not Given

3. All schools in rural areas have recycling facilities.

True

False

Not Given

4. Some schools without funding still teach students about ecology.

True

False

Not Given

5. Green Valley School’s garden is managed by professional farmers.

True

False.

Not Given

Ответы и пояснения:

1. False

Текст: «solar panels… provide 80% of the building’s energy».

Утверждение говорит «for all its electricity needs» (100%), что противоречит данным.

2. Not Given

Текст: «replaced [plastics] with biodegradable containers».

Утверждение упоминает «metal lunchboxes», о которых не сказано. Это подмена понятий.

3. False

Текст: «Small rural schools often lack funding for… recycling facilities».

Утверждение «all schools have» явно противоречит этому.

4. True

Текст: «some organize tree-planting events or eco-clubs».

Это прямо подтверждает, что даже без денег школы учат экологии.

5. Not Given

Текст: «students… grow vegetables in a school garden».

Утверждение о «professional farmers» — домысел. Неизвестно, кто управляет садом.

Ловушки в этом задании:

— Утверждение 2: Замена «biodegradable containers» на «metal lunchboxes» — попытка запутать синонимами.

— Утверждение 5: Добавление несуществующей детали («professional farmers») — классический пример «Not Given».

Совет: Перечитывайте текст после каждого утверждения и ищите точные

Текст:

The Gothic novel, a literary genre born in 18th-century England, combines elements of horror, romance, and suspense. Its origins are often traced to Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto (1764), which introduced medieval castles, secret passages, and supernatural events. Walpole’s work inspired authors like Ann Radcliffe, whose The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794) perfected the «explained supernatural» technique, where eerie phenomena later receive rational explanations.

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818) marked a shift, blending Gothic tropes with science fiction. Unlike earlier novels, Shelley’s masterpiece explored ethical dilemmas of human ambition, asking whether science should defy natural limits. Meanwhile, across the Atlantic, Edgar Allan Poe’s short stories, such as The Fall of the House of Usher (1839), focused on psychological terror, influencing later writers like H.P. Lovecraft.

Despite criticism for being overly dramatic, Gothic fiction never faded. Modern works like Stephen King’s The Shining or Neil Gaiman’s Coraline prove its adaptability. Themes of isolation, forbidden knowledge, and the sublime continue to resonate, proving that darkness will always fascinate the human mind.

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