Английская лексика для начинающих. Практический курс повседневного общения

Английская лексика для начинающих

Практический курс повседневного общения

Джонас Тичерман

© Джонас Тичерман, 2026

ISBN 978-5-0070-3279-7

Создано в интеллектуальной издательской системе Ridero

Введение

Настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для начинающих изучать английский язык и ориентировано на формирование базового лексического запаса, необходимого для повседневного общения. Основное внимание уделяется наиболее употребительным словам и выражениям, связанным с бытовыми ситуациями, с которыми обучающийся сталкивается в повседневной жизни.

Материал организован по тематическому принципу. Каждая тема отражает отдельную сферу повседневного общения: дом, покупки, еда, транспорт, общение с людьми и другие практические ситуации. Такой подход позволяет системно осваивать лексику и сразу применять её в конкретных коммуникативных контекстах.

Структура каждой главы включает связный текст на английском языке, направленный на формирование навыков чтения и понимания. Далее приводится список ключевых слов и выражений с переводом и примерами употребления, что способствует закреплению значения и контекста использования лексики. Завершающий элемент — упражнения на заполнение пропусков, ориентированные на активизацию изученного материала и развитие навыков самостоятельного использования языка.

Пособие построено с учётом принципов постепенного усложнения и повторяемости. Лексика вводится в простых конструкциях и регулярно повторяется в последующих темах, что способствует её устойчивому усвоению. Особое внимание уделяется практической направленности: отобранные слова и выражения соответствуют реальным ситуациям общения.

Данное пособие может использоваться как для самостоятельного изучения, так и в рамках учебного процесса под руководством преподавателя. Оно также может служить дополнительным материалом для закрепления базовой лексики.

Цель настоящего издания — сформировать у обучающегося уверенные навыки понимания и употребления базовой английской лексики в повседневной коммуникации, а также создать основу для дальнейшего изучения языка.

Приветствие и знакомство

Текст

Hello! My name is Anna. What is your name?

Hi! My name is Anna. I am from London. I am 20 years old. I live with my family. I have a brother and a sister. My brother’s name is Tom. My sister’s name is Mary. I like my family very much.

Today is Monday. It is a sunny day. I wake up at 7 o’clock. I brush my teeth, wash my face, and get dressed. I eat breakfast with my family. I usually have bread, cheese, and tea. After breakfast, I go to school. I study English, math, and science. My favorite subject is English. I like to speak and read in English.

At school, I see many friends. I say, «Hello! How are you?» They say, «I am fine, thank you. And you?» I am happy to see them. We talk about our day and our homework. After school, I go home. I sometimes go to the park with my friends. We play games and talk.

In the evening, I have dinner with my family. We talk about our day. I say, «How was your day?» My father says, «It was good.» My mother says, «It was busy.» We eat together and laugh a lot.

I like to meet new people. I say, «Hi! My name is Anna. What is your name?» People usually answer, «My name is John. Nice to meet you.» I say, «Nice to meet you too.» Meeting new people is fun. We can talk, make friends, and learn new things.

Sometimes I go to the shop. I see the shop assistant and say, «Hello! How are you?» The assistant says, «I am fine. Thank you. And you?» I answer, «I am fine.» Then I buy food or drinks. Saying hello is important. It is polite and friendly.

At home, I talk to my family. I say, «Hello, Mom. How are you?» She says, «I am fine. How was your day?» I answer, «It was good.» Saying hello is simple, but it shows care.

At school or at home, I can ask questions: «What is your name?» «Where are you from?» «How old are you?» People like to answer these questions. It is a good way to start a conversation.

In English, we can greet people in different ways. We can say: «Hi!», «Hello!», «Good morning!», «Good afternoon!», «Good evening!» We can also say goodbye: «Bye!», «See you!», «Goodbye!» It is important to know these words.

I like English. I like talking to people. I like saying hello and meeting new friends. Every day I practice English. I say, «Hello!» to my friends, my family, and my teachers. Saying hello is easy, but it is very important.

Слова и выражения с переводом и примерами

Hello! / Hi! — Привет!

Hello! How are you today? — Привет! Как дела сегодня?

Good morning / Good afternoon / Good evening — Доброе утро / Добрый день / Добрый вечер

Good morning, Mom! — Доброе утро, мама!

Goodbye / Bye / See you — До свидания / Пока / Увидимся

Bye! See you tomorrow! — Пока! Увидимся завтра!

What is your name? — Как тебя зовут?

Hi! What is your name? — Привет! Как тебя зовут?

My name is… — Меня зовут…

My name is Anna. — Меня зовут Анна.

Nice to meet you — Приятно познакомиться

Nice to meet you, John. — Приятно познакомиться, Джон.

How are you? — Как дела?

Hello! How are you? — Привет! Как дела?

I am fine, thank you — У меня всё хорошо, спасибо

I am fine, thank you. And you? — У меня всё хорошо, спасибо. А у тебя?

Where are you from? — Откуда ты?

Where are you from? — Откуда ты?

How old are you? — Сколько тебе лет?

How old are you? — Сколько тебе лет?

Family — Семья

I live with my family. — Я живу с семьёй.

Brother / Sister — Брат / Сестра

I have a brother and a sister. — У меня есть брат и сестра.

Упражнение: Fill in the gaps

Заполните пропуски правильными словами из списка:

Слова: Hello, name, Nice, fine, meet, How, from

Hi! My _______ is Anna.

_______ to meet you!

_______ are you?

I am ________, thank you.

Hello! What is your _______?

Where are you _______?

_______! How are you today?

Nice to _______ you.

Семья и родственники

Текст

Hello! Today I want to talk about my family. Family is very important. I have a small family. I live with my mother, father, brother, and sister.

My mother’s name is Susan. She is very kind and friendly. She likes cooking and reading books. Every morning she makes breakfast for us. My father’s name is John. He is tall and strong. He works in an office. He likes sports and watching football.

I have a brother. His name is Tom. He is younger than me. He likes playing video games and riding his bike. I have a sister too. Her name is Mary. She is very funny and creative. She likes drawing and singing.

We often spend time together. On weekends, we go to the park or watch movies at home. Sometimes we visit our grandparents. My grandmother is very gentle. She loves baking cookies. My grandfather likes telling stories about the past.

I have many relatives. I have an aunt and an uncle. They have two children. They are my cousins. We play games together and celebrate birthdays together. Family parties are always fun.

I also have a pet. I have a cat. Her name is Kitty. Kitty is very playful. She likes sleeping on the sofa and playing with toys. Pets can be part of the family too.

Family members help each other. My mother helps me with homework. My father teaches me how to ride a bike. My brother and sister play with me and sometimes argue, but we always make up. Family love is very important.

I can talk about my family in English. I can say: «I have a big family.» or «I have a small family.» I can say: «My father’s name is John.» or «My mother is kind.» I can say: «I have one brother and one sister.»

In English, we have words for all family members. We say: father, mother, brother, sister, grandfather, grandmother, aunt, uncle, cousin. Pets are also family. We can say: cat, dog, or other animals.

Talking about family is easy. You can ask people: «Do you have a brother or sister?» or «Who is in your family?» People like talking about their families. It is a good way to make friends.

I love my family. We laugh, play, and help each other. Every day I say «Thank you» to my family. Family is very important in life.

Слова и выражения с переводом и примерами

Family — Семья

Family is very important. — Семья очень важна.

Father / Dad — Отец / Папа

My father is tall. — Мой отец высокий.

Mother / Mom — Мать / Мама

My mother is kind. — Моя мама добрая.

Brother — Брат

I have a younger brother. — У меня есть младший брат.

Sister — Сестра

My sister likes singing. — Моя сестра любит петь.

Grandfather / Grandmother — Дедушка / Бабушка

My grandmother loves baking cookies. — Моя бабушка любит печь печенье.

Aunt / Uncle — Тётя / Дядя

My uncle works in a bank. — Мой дядя работает в банке.

Cousin — Двоюродный брат/сестра

I play with my cousins on weekends. — Я играю с двоюродными братьями и сестрами по выходным.

Pet — Домашнее животное

I have a pet cat. — У меня есть домашняя кошка.

Play / Help / Love — Играть / Помогать / Любить

We love our family. — Мы любим нашу семью.

Упражнение: Fill in the gaps

Заполните пропуски правильными словами из списка:

Слова: mother, father, sister, brother, grandmother, grandfather, cousin, pet

My _______ is very kind and friendly.

My _______ likes sports and football.

I have one brother and one _______.

My _______ loves baking cookies.

My _______ tells interesting stories.

I play with my _______ on weekends.

I have a cat. My cat is my _______.

My younger _______ likes playing video games.

Мой дом и комнаты

Текст

Hello! Today I want to talk about my home. I live in a small house in the city. My home is very comfortable and cozy. I like my house very much.

My house has two floors. On the first floor, there is a living room, a kitchen, and a bathroom. The living room is big and bright. There is a sofa, a table, and a TV. I like to watch cartoons on TV in the living room. The kitchen is next to the living room. My mother cooks in the kitchen every day. There is a fridge, a stove, and a sink. We eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner in the kitchen.

The bathroom is small but clean. There is a shower, a toilet, and a sink. I brush my teeth and wash my face in the bathroom every morning and evening.

On the second floor, there are three bedrooms. My bedroom is small but very comfortable. I have a bed, a desk, and a wardrobe. I study and read books at my desk. My brother’s room is next to mine. He has a bed, a desk, and some toys. My sister has the third room. Her room is colorful. She likes to draw and put her drawings on the wall.

Sometimes, we spend time together in our house. In the living room, we watch movies or play games. On weekends, we clean the house together. My father helps my brother and me to clean our rooms. My mother cleans the kitchen and the bathroom. We all help each other.

Outside the house, there is a small garden. We have flowers and a few trees. In summer, we sit in the garden and drink tea. We also play with our pet dog in the garden. Our home is not very big, but it is very warm and friendly.

I can talk about my home in English. I can say: «I live in a house.» or «I live in an apartment.» I can say: «My house has two floors.» I can also describe rooms: «My bedroom is small.» or «The kitchen is big.» I can talk about furniture: sofa, bed, table, desk, wardrobe, TV, fridge, stove, and sink.

Talking about my home is easy. I can also ask questions: «Do you have a garden?» or «How many rooms are in your house?» People like talking about their homes. It is a good way to practice English and learn new words.

Слова и выражения с переводом и примерами

House / Home — Дом

I live in a small house. — Я живу в маленьком доме.

Apartment / Flat — Квартира

I live in an apartment in the city. — Я живу в квартире в городе.

Room / Bedroom / Kitchen / Bathroom / Living room — Комната / Спальня / Кухня / Ванная / Гостиная

My bedroom is small but comfortable. — Моя спальня маленькая, но удобная.

Furniture — Мебель

There is a sofa and a table in the living room. — В гостиной есть диван и стол.

Sofa / Bed / Table / Desk / Wardrobe / TV / Fridge / Stove / Sink — Диван / Кровать / Стол / Письменный стол / Шкаф / Телевизор / Холодильник / Плита / Раковина

I study at my desk every day. — Я учусь за своим письменным столом каждый день.

Garden / Flowers / Trees — Сад / Цветы / Деревья

We have a small garden with flowers. — У нас есть маленький сад с цветами.

Pet / Dog / Cat — Домашнее животное / Собака / Кошка

We play with our pet dog in the garden. — Мы играем с нашей собакой в саду.

Упражнение: Fill in the gaps

Заполните пропуски правильными словами из списка:

Слова: kitchen, bedroom, bathroom, living room, sofa, bed, desk, garden, fridge, TV

I watch cartoons on the _______ in the living room.

I sleep on my _______ every night.

I study at my _______ in my bedroom.

My mother cooks in the _______ every day.

We brush our teeth in the _______.

There is a _______ in the living room.

We have flowers in the _______ outside.

The _______ is next to the living room.

We eat breakfast from the _______ in the kitchen.

My favorite show is on the _______.

Мебель и бытовые предметы

Текст

Hello! Today I want to talk about furniture and household items. Every home has furniture and different objects. These things help us live comfortably.

In my living room, there is a big sofa. I like sitting on the sofa to read books or watch TV. There is a table in front of the sofa. We put our snacks and drinks on the table. In the corner, there is a bookshelf. I keep my books and magazines there.

In the bedroom, I have a bed. My bed is very comfortable. I sleep and rest on it. Next to my bed, there is a small nightstand. I put my lamp and alarm clock on the nightstand. I also have a wardrobe. I keep my clothes in the wardrobe. My sister has a desk in her room. She uses the desk to study and draw.

The kitchen has many important items. There is a fridge to keep food fresh. The stove is for cooking meals. On the counter, we have a kettle, a toaster, and some plates and cups. The sink is where we wash dishes. My mother likes keeping the kitchen clean.

The bathroom also has furniture and objects. There is a mirror above the sink. We keep soap, toothpaste, and towels in the bathroom. The shower and the toilet are important too.

We also have furniture and objects in other parts of the house. In the hallway, there is a coat hanger. We hang our coats and jackets there. In the garden, we have a table and chairs. We sit there in summer and drink tea.

I can talk about furniture in English. I can say: «There is a sofa in the living room.» or «I have a desk in my bedroom.» I can also describe household objects: «The fridge is in the kitchen.» or «I put my books on the bookshelf.»

It is important to know these words in English. Furniture and household items are everywhere. They help us live, work, study, and rest. Learning these words is useful for daily life.

Слова и выражения с переводом и примерами

Furniture — Мебель

My living room has a lot of furniture. — В моей гостиной много мебели.

Household items / Objects — Бытовые предметы

The kitchen has many household items. — На кухне много бытовых предметов.

Sofa / Bed / Table / Desk / Wardrobe / Nightstand / Bookshelf / Chair — Диван / Кровать / Стол / Письменный стол / Шкаф / Тумбочка / Книжная полка / Стул

I read books on the sofa. — Я читаю книги на диване.

Fridge / Stove / Kettle / Toaster / Plate / Cup / Sink — Холодильник / Плита / Чайник / Тостер / Тарелка / Чашка / Раковина

The fridge keeps food fresh. — Холодильник хранит еду свежей.

Mirror / Soap / Toothpaste / Towel / Shower / Toilet — Зеркало / Мыло / Зубная паста / Полотенце / Душ / Туалет

We brush our teeth with toothpaste. — Мы чистим зубы зубной пастой.

Coat hanger / Jacket / Garden table / Garden chair — Вешалка для одежды / Куртка / Садовый стол / Садовый стул

We hang our jackets on the coat hanger. — Мы вешаем куртки на вешалку.

Упражнение: Fill in the gaps

Заполните пропуски правильными словами из списка:

Слова: sofa, bed, table, desk, wardrobe, fridge, stove, sink, mirror, chair

I sit on the _______ in the living room.

I sleep on my _______ every night.

We eat meals at the _______ in the kitchen.

I study at my _______ in my bedroom.

I keep my clothes in the _______.

The _______ keeps food fresh.

We cook meals on the _______.

We wash dishes in the _______.

There is a _______ above the sink in the bathroom.

We sit on a _______ in the garden.

Одежда и обувь

Текст

Hello! Today I want to talk about clothes and shoes. We wear clothes every day. Clothes keep us warm, comfortable, and stylish. Shoes help us walk and protect our feet.

In the morning, I put on my clothes. I usually wear a T-shirt and jeans. In winter, I wear a sweater and a coat. I like colorful clothes. My sister likes dresses. She wears dresses to school and to parties. My brother likes T-shirts and shorts.

We also wear shoes every day. I wear sneakers to school. My sister wears boots in winter. My father wears shoes to work. My mother wears flats at home and heels for special occasions. Shoes are very important for comfort.

Sometimes we wear special clothes. On weekends, I wear casual clothes like T-shirts and jeans. On holidays, we wear nice clothes. My family wears formal clothes for birthdays and celebrations. I have a jacket for cold weather and a hat for sunny days.

Clothes have different colors and styles. I like red and blue. My sister likes pink and purple. We have T-shirts, shirts, skirts, dresses, jackets, sweaters, and coats. Shoes can be sneakers, boots, sandals, or slippers.

I can talk about clothes in English. I can say: «I am wearing a red T-shirt.» or «She is wearing a blue dress.» I can ask questions: «What are you wearing?» or «Do you like my shoes?» Clothes and shoes are part of daily life.

Shopping for clothes is fun. I can go to the store and choose clothes. I can try on a jacket or a dress. I can ask the shop assistant: «Do you have this in a bigger size?» or «How much is this?» Learning these words helps me buy clothes in English.

Clothes are also important for school. I wear a school uniform sometimes. My brother wears a uniform too. Uniforms help students look neat and organized.

Every day we choose clothes for school, home, or going outside. Clothes and shoes are everywhere. Learning their names in English is useful. I like talking about clothes and shoes with my friends. It is fun and easy.

Слова и выражения с переводом и примерами

Clothes / Clothing — Одежда

I like my new clothes. — Мне нравится моя новая одежда.

Shoes / Sneakers / Boots / Sandals / Slippers / Heels / Flats — Обувь / Кроссовки / Сапоги / Сандалии / Тапочки / Каблуки / Балетки

I wear sneakers to school. — Я ношу кроссовки в школу.

T-shirt / Shirt / Dress / Skirt / Jacket / Sweater / Coat / Pants / Shorts / Hat — Футболка / Рубашка / Платье / Юбка / Куртка / Свитер / Пальто / Брюки / Шорты / Шляпа

She is wearing a blue dress. — На ней синее платье.

Colors — Цвета: red — красный, blue — синий, pink — розовый, purple — фиолетовый

I like red and blue. — Мне нравятся красный и синий.

Formal clothes / Casual clothes / Uniform — Нарядная одежда / Повседневная одежда / Униформа

I wear casual clothes on weekends. — Я ношу повседневную одежду на выходных.

To wear — Носить, быть одетым в

I am wearing a sweater. — Я ношу свитер.

Упражнение: Fill in the gaps

Заполните пропуски правильными словами из списка:

Слова: T-shirt, dress, jeans, jacket, shoes, boots, hat, sweater, coat, sandals

I wear a _______ in summer.

She is wearing a red _______.

I wear _______ every day.

In winter, I wear a warm _______.

I put on my _______ before going outside.

My sister wears _______ in winter.

I wear a _______ on sunny days.

I wear a _______ at home when it is cold.

I put on a _______ when it is raining.

I wear _______ to go to the beach.

Еда дома

Текст

Hello! Today I want to talk about food at home. We eat three meals every day: breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Food is very important. It gives us energy and helps us grow.

In the morning, I eat breakfast. I usually have bread, butter, and jam. Sometimes I eat eggs or cereal. I like drinking tea or milk with my breakfast. My brother likes juice. My sister likes fruit in the morning. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day.

For lunch, we eat different foods. Sometimes we eat soup, rice, or pasta. My mother cooks lunch for the family. She likes making healthy food. We also eat vegetables like carrots, tomatoes, and cucumbers. My father likes meat, fish, or chicken. I like sandwiches and salads.