Расширение словарного запаса в английском языке для продолжающих. Тексты, лексика и упражнения

Расширение словарного запаса в английском языке для продолжающих

Тексты, лексика и упражнения

Джонас Тичерман

© Джонас Тичерман, 2026

ISBN 978-5-0070-3122-6

Created with Ridero smart publishing system

My Day — Morning and Evening Routines

I usually wake up at 7 a.m. on weekdays. The first thing I do is turn off my alarm and stretch. Stretching helps me feel awake and ready for the day. After that, I go to the bathroom, brush my teeth, and wash my face. Sometimes I take a quick shower if I have time.

After getting ready, I go to the kitchen and prepare breakfast. I often eat cereal with milk or toast with jam. I like drinking coffee in the morning because it helps me feel more energetic. While eating breakfast, I usually check my phone for messages or news.

At 8 a.m., I leave home and go to work. I usually walk to the bus stop and take the bus. During the bus ride, I sometimes listen to music or read a book. At work, I start by checking emails and making a list of tasks for the day. I spend most of the morning working on projects and attending meetings.

Lunch is around 12:30 p.m. I usually eat with my colleagues in the office cafeteria. Sometimes I bring food from home, like a salad or a sandwich. After lunch, I go back to my desk and continue working. I try to take short breaks to stretch and relax my eyes.

In the evening, I finish work around 6 p.m. I usually go home, take a shower if needed, and change into comfortable clothes. Dinner is around 7 p.m., and I like eating something light, like pasta, soup, or salad. After dinner, I spend time relaxing. I may watch TV, read a book, or talk with my family.

Before going to bed, I have a simple routine. I brush my teeth, wash my face, and sometimes write in my journal. I try to go to bed around 11 p.m. A good night’s sleep is very important because it helps me feel ready for the next day.

Weekends are a little different. I usually wake up later and spend more time having breakfast. I might go for a walk in the park, meet friends, or do hobbies I enjoy. But even on weekends, I have small routines that make my day organized.

Useful Vocabulary with Examples

wake up — просыпаться

I wake up at 7 a.m. every day.

stretch — потягиваться

I stretch after getting out of bed.

brush teeth — чистить зубы

I brush my teeth twice a day.

take a shower — принимать душ

I take a shower in the morning.

prepare breakfast — готовить завтрак

She prepares breakfast for her family.

check messages — проверять сообщения

I check messages on my phone before work.

commute — добираться на работу/учёбу

I commute by bus every day.

attend meetings — посещать встречи

We attend meetings every morning at 9 a.m.

relax — отдыхать, расслабляться

I like to relax after work.

journal — вести дневник

I write in my journal before bed.

Exercise: Fill in the Gaps

Fill in the gaps using the words: wake up, stretch, brush teeth, take a shower, prepare breakfast, check messages, commute, attend meetings, relax, journal

I usually ______ at 7 a.m. on weekdays.

After getting out of bed, I ______ to feel awake.

I always ______ before breakfast.

Sometimes I ______ if I have time.

I ______ with toast and coffee every morning.

While eating breakfast, I ______ on my phone.

I ______ to work by bus.

At the office, I ______ and answer emails.

In the evening, I like to ______ by watching TV.

Before bed, I write in my ______.

Home and Apartment — Rooms and Furniture

Most people spend a lot of time at home. A home can be an apartment or a house. Each home usually has different rooms, and each room has its own purpose. Understanding rooms and furniture helps you describe your home in English.

The first room in a home is usually the living room. This is where people relax, watch TV, or spend time with family and friends. A living room often has a sofa, armchairs, a coffee table, and sometimes a bookshelf. Many families also have a TV stand or a rug to make the room comfortable.

The kitchen is another important room. People cook and eat here. Common furniture and appliances include a table, chairs, a stove, a refrigerator, a microwave, and cabinets for storing food. Some kitchens have a dishwasher to make cleaning easier.

Most homes have at least one bedroom. This room is for sleeping and relaxing. A bedroom usually has a bed, wardrobe, dresser, and sometimes a nightstand. People often have lamps for reading and curtains to cover the windows.

The bathroom is used for personal hygiene. It usually has a toilet, a sink, a shower or bathtub, and sometimes a mirror. Some bathrooms also have shelves for towels and toiletries.

Many homes also have additional rooms, like a dining room for family meals, a study or office for work or homework, and sometimes a balcony or garden. Furniture and decoration make each room functional and comfortable. For example, a desk and chair in a study help people work efficiently, while a dining table and chairs in a dining room are used for meals.

Describing your home can also include smaller objects. A lamp gives light, a carpet makes a room warm, and pictures or plants add personality. Furniture and rooms together create a comfortable living space.

Talking about your home is useful for many situations, like meeting new people, renting an apartment, or helping someone understand directions. For example, you can say: “My bedroom is next to the bathroom, and the living room is in front of the kitchen.” This is clear and easy to understand.

Finally, organizing your home is important. Keeping furniture in the right place and having clean rooms makes life easier. You can also add personal touches, like pillows, rugs, or small decorations, to make your apartment or house feel cozy.

Useful Vocabulary with Examples

living room — гостиная

The living room has a big sofa and a coffee table.

sofa — диван

I like sitting on the sofa and reading a book.

armchair — кресло

There is an armchair next to the window.

coffee table — журнальный столик

We put magazines on the coffee table.

bookshelf — книжная полка

My bookshelf is full of novels.

kitchen — кухня

I cook breakfast in the kitchen every morning.

bedroom — спальня

My bedroom is very cozy.

bed — кровать

I sleep on a comfortable bed.

wardrobe — шкаф для одежды

I keep my clothes in the wardrobe.

bathroom — ванная комната

The bathroom has a shower and a sink.

desk — письменный стол

I do my homework at the desk.

chair — стул

I sit on the chair while working.

dining table — обеденный стол

We eat dinner at the dining table.

lamp — лампа

I read a book under the lamp.

carpet — ковёр

There is a soft carpet in the living room.

Exercise: Fill in the Gaps

Use the words: living room, sofa, armchair, coffee table, bookshelf, kitchen, bedroom, bed, wardrobe, bathroom, desk, chair, dining table, lamp, carpet

We watch TV in the ______.

I like sitting on the ______ and reading.

There is an ______ near the window.

Magazines are on the ______.

My favorite books are on the ______.

I cook breakfast in the ______.

I sleep in my ______ every night.

My clothes are in the ______.

The ______ has a shower and a sink.

I do homework at the ______ with a comfortable ______.

We eat dinner at the ______.

I read under the light of the ______.

There is a soft ______ on the floor.

Family and Friends — Relationships and Connections

Family and friends are an important part of life. Talking about them in English helps you describe your personal life, explain your relationships, and share experiences. Every family is different, and friendships can vary, but some words are common for all people.

A family usually includes parents, children, and sometimes grandparents. The word parents refers to your mother and father. Siblings are brothers and sisters. Some families have only one child, while others have many. Grandparents are the parents of your mother or father. They often spend time with grandchildren and give advice.

Friends are people you choose to spend time with. A best friend is someone very close to you. Friends can be classmates, colleagues, neighbors, or people you meet in your hobbies. Spending time with friends can include talking, going to the cinema, playing sports, or eating together.

Relationships can be formal or informal. In informal relationships, people use friendly language, jokes, and casual conversation. In formal relationships, such as with teachers or colleagues, people use polite words and respect personal space. Understanding the difference is important in English communication.

Describing people in your family or group of friends is useful. You can talk about personality, hobbies, and habits. For example: “My sister is very kind and loves reading books.” or “My best friend is funny and likes sports.” These descriptions help others understand the people you are talking about.

Family traditions are another interesting topic. Some families celebrate birthdays, holidays, or special events together. For example, a family may have dinner together on Sundays, or celebrate New Year with fireworks. Talking about traditions in English shows culture and lifestyle.

Friendship also includes supporting each other. Friends listen to problems, give advice, and celebrate successes. Using English to describe actions and feelings is important: “My friend helped me when I was sick.” or “We celebrated my birthday together.”

Sometimes people use words to describe relationships. For example, close means a strong connection, distant means not very close, friendly means kind and pleasant, and supportive means helpful. These words help express the quality of relationships.

Finally, understanding family and friendships helps in many situations, like introducing yourself, writing emails, or talking about your life. Learning to describe relationships and connections in English makes communication richer and more personal.

Useful Vocabulary with Examples

mother — мать

My mother is very kind.

father — отец

My father works in an office.

parents — родители

I love spending time with my parents.

sibling — брат или сестра

I have one sibling, a younger brother.

grandparent — бабушка или дедушка

My grandparents live in another city.

friend — друг

I met my friend at school.

best friend — лучший друг

My best friend always supports me.

relationship — отношения

I have a good relationship with my colleagues.

close (relationship) — близкие отношения

I am close to my sister.

friendly — дружелюбный

My neighbors are friendly.

supportive — поддерживающий

My friend is very supportive when I have problems.

tradition — традиция

Our family has a tradition of Sunday dinners.

Exercise: Fill in the Gaps

Use the words: mother, father, parents, sibling, grandparent, friend, best friend, relationship, close, friendly, supportive, tradition

My ______ cooks delicious meals every day.

My ______ works in an office.

I enjoy spending time with my ______.

I have one ______, a younger sister.

My ______ lives in another city.

I met my ______ at school.

My ______ always helps me when I need advice.

I have a good ______ with my colleagues.

I am very ______ to my cousin.

My neighbors are very ______.

My friend is very ______ when I have problems.

Our family has a Sunday dinner ______.

Shopping — Stores and Groceries

Shopping is a common activity in daily life. Whether you go to a supermarket, a small shop, or online, knowing English words for stores, products, and actions makes communication easier. Shopping also includes asking questions, comparing prices, and understanding labels.

There are many types of stores. A supermarket sells food, drinks, and household items. A grocery store usually sells food and small household products. A clothing store sells clothes and shoes. A pharmacy sells medicines and health products. A mall has many stores under one roof.

When you go shopping, you often make a list of items. Common groceries include fruits, vegetables, bread, milk, cheese, and eggs. Other products are meat, fish, cereal, and juice. People also buy snacks and drinks. In a clothing store, you look for shirts, pants, dresses, and shoes.

Shopping requires useful phrases. For example, you can ask: “How much does this cost?” or “Can I pay by card?” If you need help, you can say: “Excuse me, where is the milk?” Sales assistants often help customers find products or sizes.

Prices and quality are important when shopping. You can compare products: “This cheese is cheaper than that one.” or “These shoes are more comfortable.” Sometimes stores have sales or discounts, which means products cost less for a limited time.

Online shopping is also popular. You can order groceries, clothes, or electronics on a website. You usually need to choose the item, add it to a cart, and pay online. Delivery is often available, and some stores allow returns if the product is not suitable.

Shopping is not only about buying things. It can also be a social activity. Some people enjoy going to markets or malls with friends or family. Talking about products, trying clothes, or tasting food can make shopping fun.

Finally, knowing store names, product names, and shopping phrases in English helps you travel, live abroad, or communicate with others. Practice these words and phrases, and you will feel confident in any store.

Useful Vocabulary with Examples

supermarket — супермаркет

I buy fruits and milk at the supermarket.

grocery store — продуктовый магазин

I go to the grocery store for bread and eggs.

clothing store — магазин одежды

I bought a new shirt at the clothing store.

pharmacy — аптека

I need to go to the pharmacy for medicine.

mall — торговый центр

The mall has many different stores.

fruit — фрукт

I like apples, oranges, and bananas.

vegetable — овощ

Carrots and tomatoes are vegetables.

bread — хлеб

I eat bread for breakfast.

milk — молоко

I drink milk every morning.

cheese — сыр

I put cheese on my sandwich.

egg — яйцо

I cook eggs for breakfast.

shirt — рубашка

He wears a white shirt to work.

pants — брюки

I bought new pants yesterday.

sale — распродажа

The store has a big sale this week.

discount — скидка

I got a discount on the shoes.

Exercise: Fill in the Gaps

Use the words: supermarket, grocery store, clothing store, pharmacy, mall, fruit, vegetable, bread, milk, cheese, egg, shirt, pants, sale, discount

I buy fruits and milk at the ______.

I go to the ______ for eggs and bread.

I bought a new ______ at the ______.

I need to buy medicine at the ______.

The ______ has many different stores.

I like apples, bananas, and oranges. These are ______.

Carrots and tomatoes are ______.

I eat ______ for breakfast.

I drink ______ every morning.

I put ______ on my sandwich.

I cook an ______ for breakfast.

He wears a white ______ to work.

I bought new ______ yesterday.

The store has a big ______ this week.

I got a 20% ______ on the shoes.

Food and Drinks — Meals and Ordering

Food and drinks are an important part of daily life. Talking about meals in English helps you order food, describe your preferences, and discuss recipes or diets. Meals usually follow a routine: breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Some people also have snacks between meals.

Breakfast is the first meal of the day. Common foods include bread, cereal, eggs, fruit, and yogurt. People often drink coffee, tea, or juice in the morning. Breakfast is important because it gives energy for the day ahead.

Lunch is usually eaten around midday. People eat sandwiches, salads, pasta, rice dishes, or soup. In restaurants, you can order a menu or choose a la carte. Many people take a short break at work or school to eat lunch.

Dinner is the main meal of the day for many people. It can be eaten at home or in a restaurant. Typical dishes include meat, fish, vegetables, pasta, or rice. People often enjoy dessert, such as cake, ice cream, or fruit salad. Drinks like water, soda, or juice are common during meals.

When ordering food at a restaurant, it is useful to know common phrases. You can say: “Can I see the menu, please?” or “I would like a sandwich and a glass of water.” If you have dietary restrictions, you can ask: “Does this dish contain nuts?” or “I am vegetarian.”

Talking about food also includes expressing likes and dislikes. For example: “I love pizza.” or “I don’t like broccoli.” You can describe flavors, such as sweet, salty, spicy, or bitter. Knowing these words helps you explain your preferences clearly.

Cooking at home is another way to use food vocabulary. Recipes include ingredients, quantities, and instructions. For example: “Add two eggs and a cup of milk.” Following recipes improves your vocabulary and makes it easier to cook meals in English.

Finally, food and drinks are part of culture and social life. People share meals with family and friends, celebrate special occasions, and explore international cuisine. Talking about meals, ordering in restaurants, and describing tastes are important skills in English.

Useful Vocabulary with Examples

breakfast — завтрак

I eat breakfast at 7 a.m.

lunch — обед

We usually have lunch at 12:30 p.m.

dinner — ужин

Dinner is my favorite meal.

snack — перекус

I like a snack in the afternoon.

bread — хлеб

I eat bread with jam for breakfast.

cereal — хлопья

I have cereal with milk.

egg — яйцо

I cook two eggs for breakfast.

fruit — фрукт

I eat fruit every day.

yogurt — йогурт

I like yogurt with honey.

coffee — кофе

I drink coffee every morning.

tea — чай

She drinks tea with breakfast.

juice — сок

I like orange juice.

menu — меню

Can I see the menu, please?

a la carte — по меню

We ordered a la carte.

dessert — десерт

I had ice cream for dessert.

sweet — сладкий

Chocolate is sweet.

salty — солёный

Chips are salty.

spicy — острый

This curry is spicy.

Exercise: Fill in the Gaps

Use the words: breakfast, lunch, dinner, snack, bread, cereal, egg, fruit, yogurt, coffee, tea, juice, menu, a la carte, dessert, sweet, salty, spicy

I eat ______ at 7 a.m. every day.

We usually have ______ at 12:30 p.m.

______ is my main meal in the evening.

I like a small ______ in the afternoon.

I eat ______ with jam in the morning.

I have ______ with milk for breakfast.

I cook two ______ for breakfast.

I eat ______ every day.

I like ______ with honey.

I drink ______ every morning.

She drinks ______ with breakfast.

I like orange ______.

Can I see the ______, please?

We ordered food ______.

I had ice cream for ______.

Chocolate is ______.

Chips are ______.

This curry is very ______.

Clothes and Fashion — Accessories and Style

Clothes and fashion are an important part of daily life. Talking about clothes in English helps you describe yourself, go shopping, and discuss trends. Everyone has a personal style, and clothes can be casual, formal, or sporty.

Shirts and t-shirts are common clothing items. Shirts are usually formal or for work, while t-shirts are casual. Pants or jeans are worn on the lower body. Women often wear dresses or skirts, while men may wear suits for special occasions.

Shoes are important. Common types are sneakers, boots, and sandals. Shoes can match an outfit, be comfortable, or stylish. People also wear socks for comfort and warmth.

Accessories make clothes more interesting. Hats, scarves, belts, and watches are popular. Jewelry like necklaces, earrings, and bracelets can show personal taste. A bag or backpack is both functional and fashionable.

Fashion can change with the seasons. In winter, people wear coats, gloves, and warm hats. In summer, people wear shorts, t-shirts, and sunglasses. Clothes are also chosen for events: a formal dress for a party, a suit for work, or sportswear for exercise.

Describing clothes includes colors, patterns, and materials. For example: “I like a red cotton t-shirt.” or “Her skirt is blue with white stripes.” Using adjectives like comfortable, elegant, casual, or trendy helps describe style.