Полная версия
ЕГЭ по английскому языку: топики, лексика, ответы на интервью. Расширяем словарный запас, учимся отвечать на вопросы и уверенно говорить
ЕГЭ по английскому языку: топики, лексика, ответы на интервью
Расширяем словарный запас, учимся отвечать на вопросы и уверенно говорить
Джуди Грэммер
© Джуди Грэммер, 2026
ISBN 978-5-0069-6447-1
Создано в интеллектуальной издательской системе Ridero
Введение
Дорогие читатели,
Эта книга создана специально для подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Она помогает подросткам систематизировать знания, изучать полезную лексику и практиковаться в ответах на вопросы, что будет особенно полезно как для письменной части, например при написании письма другу, так и для устной части экзамена – интервью и монологов.
Каждая глава посвящена актуальной теме, важной для повседневной жизни и личностного развития подростка. Подборка лексики с переводом на русский язык и примерами употребления позволяет запоминать слова и выражения в контексте, а вопросы с развернутыми ответами на английском языке учат правильно формулировать мысли, аргументировать мнение и использовать изученные слова.
Работая с этой книгой, подростки развивают навыки планирования ответов, структурирования информации и уверенного общения на английском языке. Каждая тема помогает не только успешно подготовиться к экзамену, но и научиться применять язык в реальной жизни – в письмах, разговорах с друзьями и обсуждениях актуальных тем.
Цель этой книги – сделать подготовку к ЕГЭ систематичной, эффективной и интересной, сочетая академический подход с практическими заданиями, которые отражают реальные ситуации общения на английском языке.
Family and Family Relationships
Topic Text
Family plays a very important role in people’s lives. It is usually the first place where a person learns how to communicate with others, solve problems, and show care and respect. For many people, family members are the closest and most supportive people in their lives. They help us in difficult situations and share happy moments with us.
A family can be large or small. Some people live in big families with grandparents, parents, children, and sometimes other relatives. Others live in nuclear families that include only parents and their children. Both types of families have their advantages. For example, in large families children can communicate with many relatives and learn from their experience. In smaller families parents often have more time to spend with each child.
Good family relationships are based on love, trust, and respect. It is important for family members to listen to each other and support each other. When people understand and respect different opinions, it becomes easier to solve conflicts and avoid misunderstandings. Communication is one of the most important factors that helps families stay strong and united.
Parents play a key role in children’s lives. They teach their children important values such as honesty, responsibility, and kindness. Parents also help children develop useful skills and prepare them for adult life. At the same time, children should respect their parents and appreciate everything they do for them. Mutual respect makes family relationships stronger.
However, conflicts sometimes happen in every family. For example, teenagers may argue with their parents about school, friends, or the amount of time they spend online. These disagreements are normal because young people want to become more independent. The most important thing is to discuss problems calmly and try to find a compromise.
Spending time together is another important part of family life. Many families enjoy doing activities together such as watching movies, travelling, celebrating holidays, or simply having dinner together. These moments help family members feel closer to each other and create happy memories.
In my opinion, strong family relationships make people feel happier and more confident. When people know that their family supports them, they feel safer and more motivated to achieve their goals. That is why it is important to value family relationships and try to make them better.
Useful Vocabulary
family members – члены семьи
All family members gathered together for the holiday dinner.
close relationship – близкие отношения
I have a very close relationship with my sister.
to support each other – поддерживать друг друга
Good families always support each other in difficult situations.
to spend time together – проводить время вместе
We try to spend time together every weekend.
to solve problems – решать проблемы
Family members should help each other solve problems.
mutual respect – взаимное уважение
Mutual respect is very important in every family.
to argue with someone – спорить с кем-то
Teenagers often argue with their parents.
to find a compromise – находить компромисс
It is important to find a compromise during conflicts.
to take care of someone – заботиться о ком-то
Parents take care of their children.
to appreciate something – ценить что-то
Children should appreciate their parents’ help.
to share experiences – делиться опытом
Grandparents often share their life experiences.
family traditions – семейные традиции
Many families have special traditions for holidays.
Personal Questions
How important is family in your life and why?
What do you usually do together with your family members?
Why do conflicts sometimes happen between parents and teenagers?
What can people do to improve family relationships?
Do you think family traditions are important? Why or why not?
Sample Answers
1. How important is family in your life and why?
Family is extremely important in my life. My family always supports me and helps me in difficult situations. I know that I can always rely on them.
2. What do you usually do together with your family members?
We often spend time together in the evenings or on weekends. For example, we watch movies, cook dinner, or go for a walk. Sometimes we travel together during holidays.
3. Why do conflicts sometimes happen between parents and teenagers?
Conflicts happen because teenagers want more independence. Sometimes parents and children have different opinions about school, friends, or free time. However, these problems can be solved through communication.
4. What can people do to improve family relationships?
People should listen to each other and respect different opinions. It is also important to spend time together and discuss problems calmly. Good communication helps avoid misunderstandings.
5. Do you think family traditions are important? Why or why not?
Yes, I think family traditions are very important. They help family members feel closer to each other and create special memories. Traditions also make holidays more meaningful and enjoyable.
Friendship and True Friends
Topic Text
Friendship is one of the most important parts of our lives. Friends support us, share our feelings, and make our lives more interesting. For many people, friends become almost like family members because they spend a lot of time together and trust each other. True friendship is based on honesty, loyalty, and mutual understanding.
A true friend is someone who is always ready to help in difficult situations. When people face problems, they often turn to their friends for advice or emotional support. A good friend listens carefully, tries to understand the situation, and gives useful advice. Sometimes friends simply help each other feel better by spending time together or talking about their problems.
Trust is one of the most important elements of friendship. People should be able to share their thoughts and feelings without being afraid of judgment. If friends trust each other, their relationship becomes stronger and more stable. Without trust, it is difficult to build a long-lasting friendship.
Another important quality of true friends is loyalty. Loyal friends stay with each other not only during happy moments but also during difficult times. They do not abandon each other when problems appear. Instead, they try to support and encourage each other. This kind of support helps people feel more confident and less lonely.
At the same time, friendship requires effort from both people. Friends should respect each other’s opinions and interests, even if they are different. Sometimes friends may argue or disagree with each other. However, if they value their friendship, they will try to solve conflicts peacefully and find a compromise.
Spending time together is also an important part of friendship. Friends often share hobbies and interests. They may go to the cinema, play sports, study together, or simply talk about their daily lives. These shared experiences help strengthen their relationship and create happy memories.
Nowadays technology also influences friendship. Social networks and messaging apps allow people to stay in touch even if they live far away from each other. However, many people believe that face-to-face communication is still more valuable because it helps people understand each other better.
In my opinion, true friends make our lives happier and more meaningful. They help us overcome difficulties, celebrate our successes, and feel supported. That is why it is important to appreciate our friends and try to be good friends ourselves.
Useful Vocabulary
true friend – настоящий друг
A true friend always supports you in difficult situations.
to trust someone – доверять кому-то
I trust my best friend because she always tells the truth.
loyalty – верность, преданность
Loyalty is one of the most important qualities in friendship.
to support someone – поддерживать кого-то
Good friends support each other during difficult times.
to give advice – давать совет
My friend often gives me useful advice.
to share feelings – делиться чувствами
Close friends usually share their feelings and experiences.
to rely on someone – полагаться на кого-то
You can rely on a true friend in any situation.
to argue with someone – спорить с кем-то
Friends sometimes argue but they usually make peace quickly.
to find a compromise – находить компромисс
It is important to find a compromise during disagreements.
to stay in touch – поддерживать связь
We stay in touch through social media and messages.
mutual understanding – взаимопонимание
Mutual understanding helps build strong friendships.
to appreciate someone – ценить кого-то
People should appreciate their true friends.
Personal Questions
What qualities do you think a true friend should have and why?
How did you meet your best friend and what do you like doing together?
Why is trust important in friendship?
Do you think it is possible to have many true friends or only a few? Why?
How can people maintain friendship if they live far away from each other?
Sample Answers
1. What qualities do you think a true friend should have and why?
I think a true friend should be honest, loyal, and supportive. It is important to trust your friend and feel comfortable sharing your thoughts. These qualities help build strong and lasting friendships.
2. How did you meet your best friend and what do you like doing together?
I met my best friend at school several years ago. We quickly became close because we have similar interests. We enjoy watching movies, studying together, and talking about our daily lives.
3. Why is trust important in friendship?
Trust is important because friends should feel safe sharing their feelings and problems. Without trust, people may feel uncomfortable or worried about being judged. Trust helps friendships become stronger.
4. Do you think it is possible to have many true friends or only a few? Why?
I believe people usually have only a few true friends. True friendship requires time, trust, and emotional connection. It is difficult to build such strong relationships with many people.
5. How can people maintain friendship if they live far away from each other?
People can stay in touch through social media, phone calls, and video chats. They can also visit each other when possible. Regular communication helps keep the friendship strong.
Teenagers and Their Problems
Topic Text
Teenage years are an important and sometimes difficult period in a person’s life. During this time young people grow up, develop their personalities, and try to understand who they are and what they want in the future. However, teenagers often face many different problems related to school, relationships, and personal development.
One of the most common problems for teenagers is academic pressure. Many students feel stressed because they have to study hard, do homework, and prepare for important exams. Sometimes they worry about their grades and their future career. This pressure can make teenagers feel anxious or tired, especially if they do not have enough time to relax.
Another problem is communication with parents. Teenagers often want more independence and freedom, while parents try to control and protect them. Because of this difference in opinions, conflicts may appear in the family. For example, parents may worry about their children’s friends, hobbies, or the amount of time they spend online. Teenagers, on the other hand, may feel that their parents do not understand them.
Peer pressure is also a serious issue. Many teenagers want to be accepted by their classmates or friends, so they may feel pressure to behave in a certain way. Sometimes young people are afraid of being different from others. In some cases, peer pressure can lead to risky or unhealthy behaviour.
Another challenge for teenagers is self-confidence. Many young people worry about their appearance, abilities, or popularity. Social media can sometimes make this problem worse because teenagers often compare themselves with others. When they see idealized photos and lifestyles online, they may start feeling insecure or dissatisfied with their own lives.
Despite these difficulties, teenagers can learn to cope with their problems in healthy ways. Talking to parents, teachers, or close friends can help them find solutions and feel supported. It is also important for teenagers to have hobbies, exercise regularly, and spend time doing activities they enjoy. These things help reduce stress and improve emotional well-being.
In my opinion, teenage problems are a natural part of growing up. They help young people learn how to deal with challenges and become more independent. With support from family, friends, and teachers, teenagers can overcome their difficulties and develop into confident and responsible adults.
Useful Vocabulary
teenage years – подростковые годы
Teenage years can be both exciting and challenging.
academic pressure – учебное давление
Many students experience academic pressure before exams.
to feel stressed – чувствовать стресс
Teenagers often feel stressed because of schoolwork.
peer pressure – давление со стороны сверстников
Peer pressure can influence teenagers’ behaviour.
to be accepted – быть принятым
Many teenagers want to be accepted by their classmates.
self-confidence – уверенность в себе
Sports can help teenagers develop self-confidence.
to compare oneself with others – сравнивать себя с другими
Social media makes people compare themselves with others.
to cope with problems – справляться с проблемами
It is important to learn how to cope with problems.
to reduce stress – уменьшать стресс
Exercise is a good way to reduce stress.
to feel insecure – чувствовать неуверенность
Some teenagers feel insecure about their appearance.
emotional support – эмоциональная поддержка
Friends and family can provide emotional support.
to overcome difficulties – преодолевать трудности
Support from parents helps teenagers overcome difficulties.
Personal Questions
What problems do teenagers usually face and why do they appear?
Do you think school causes a lot of stress for teenagers? Why or why not?
How can parents help teenagers deal with their problems?
Do social media influence teenagers’ self-confidence? Why?
What can teenagers do to reduce stress and feel happier?
Sample Answers
1. What problems do teenagers usually face and why do they appear?
Teenagers often face problems related to school, friendships, and communication with parents. These problems appear because young people are growing up and trying to become more independent. They are also under pressure from school and society.
2. Do you think school causes a lot of stress for teenagers? Why or why not?
Yes, I think school can cause a lot of stress. Students often have many homework assignments and exams. As a result, they may feel tired and worried about their grades.
3. How can parents help teenagers deal with their problems?
Parents can help teenagers by listening to them and giving useful advice. It is also important to support teenagers and try to understand their feelings. Good communication can solve many problems.
4. Do social media influence teenagers’ self-confidence? Why?
Yes, social media can influence teenagers’ self-confidence. Young people often compare themselves with others online. This can sometimes make them feel insecure.
5. What can teenagers do to reduce stress and feel happier?
Teenagers can reduce stress by doing sports, spending time with friends, and having hobbies. Talking to someone they trust can also help them feel better. These activities improve both mental and physical health.
Generation Gap Between Parents and Children
Topic Text
The generation gap is a common phenomenon that exists between parents and their children. It refers to differences in opinions, values, habits, and lifestyles between people of different ages. Because parents and teenagers grow up in different social and cultural environments, they may see the world in different ways.
One of the main reasons for the generation gap is the rapid development of society and technology. Young people grow up with modern technologies such as smartphones, social media, and the internet. They easily adapt to new trends and innovations. Parents, however, may find it more difficult to understand these technologies because they grew up in a different time when such tools were not available.
Another reason for the generation gap is the difference in life experience. Parents have more experience and often try to guide their children and protect them from mistakes. Teenagers, on the other hand, usually want more independence and freedom. They want to make their own decisions about their education, hobbies, and friends. This difference in attitudes sometimes leads to disagreements or arguments.
Communication problems can also increase the generation gap. Sometimes parents do not fully understand the interests or problems of their children. Teenagers may also feel that their parents are too strict or do not listen to their opinions. As a result, misunderstandings can appear in the family.
However, the generation gap does not always have negative effects. It can also be an opportunity for both sides to learn from each other. Parents can share their life experience and valuable advice, while young people can introduce their parents to new technologies and modern ideas. When family members respect each other’s opinions, they can build stronger relationships.
Good communication is the key to reducing the generation gap. Parents and children should try to listen to each other and discuss their problems calmly. It is also important to spend time together and take interest in each other’s lives. These simple actions can help family members understand each other better.
In my opinion, the generation gap is a natural part of family life. Differences between generations will always exist, but they do not have to lead to serious conflicts. If parents and children respect each other and communicate openly, they can maintain a strong and positive relationship.
Useful Vocabulary
generation gap – конфликт поколений
The generation gap sometimes causes misunderstandings between parents and teenagers.
different values – разные ценности
People from different generations may have different values.
life experience – жизненный опыт
Parents often give advice based on their life experience.
to guide someone – направлять кого-то
Parents try to guide their children and help them make good decisions.
to protect from mistakes – защищать от ошибок
Parents want to protect their children from mistakes.
to want independence – хотеть независимости
Teenagers usually want more independence.
to have disagreements – иметь разногласия
Parents and children sometimes have disagreements about school or friends.
misunderstanding – недопонимание
Poor communication can lead to misunderstandings.
to respect opinions – уважать мнения
Family members should respect each other’s opinions.
to reduce conflicts – уменьшать конфликты
Good communication helps reduce conflicts.
to discuss problems calmly – спокойно обсуждать проблемы
It is better to discuss problems calmly instead of arguing.
to understand each other better – лучше понимать друг друга
Spending time together helps families understand each other better.
Personal Questions
What is the generation gap and why does it appear between parents and children?
Do you think technology increases the generation gap? Why or why not?
What disagreements usually happen between teenagers and their parents?
How can parents and children reduce the generation gap?
Do you think teenagers should always follow their parents’ advice? Why or why not?
Sample Answers
1. What is the generation gap and why does it appear between parents and children?
The generation gap is the difference in opinions and values between parents and their children. It appears because they grow up in different times and environments. As a result, they may see the world differently.
2. Do you think technology increases the generation gap? Why or why not?
Yes, technology can increase the generation gap. Teenagers usually understand modern technology better than their parents. Because of this, parents may sometimes find it difficult to relate to their children’s interests.
3. What disagreements usually happen between teenagers and their parents?
Teenagers and parents often disagree about school, friends, or free time. Parents may want more control, while teenagers want more independence. These differences can lead to arguments.
4. How can parents and children reduce the generation gap?
They should communicate openly and listen to each other’s opinions. Spending time together and showing respect can also help. These actions improve understanding in the family.
5. Do you think teenagers should always follow their parents’ advice? Why or why not?
I think teenagers should listen to their parents’ advice because parents have more life experience. However, young people should also learn to make their own decisions. A balance between independence and advice is important.
