Базовый курс английского языка для средней школы. Полный учебник грамматики и лексики с упражнениями и историями

Story

In my school bag, there are many things that I use every day. There are books and notebooks for different subjects. There are also pens and pencils in a small case. These objects are simple, but they are important for my studies.

There is some food in my bag too. There is an apple and some bread for a short break. I also have a bottle of water. Water is important, especially after long lessons.

In the classroom, there is a lot of information on the walls. There are posters, charts, and pictures. This information helps students understand difficult topics. Our teacher often gives us good advice before tests.

After school, I usually have some free time. There are many activities to choose from. There is music, sport, and reading. All these things make my day full and balanced.

Useful Words and Expressions

school bag – школьный рюкзак

thing – вещь

notebook – тетрадь

subject – предмет

case – пенал

object – предмет

food – еда

break – перерыв

bottle – бутылка

information – информация

wall – стена

poster – плакат

chart – схема

advice – совет

activity – занятие

balanced – сбалансированный

Exercises

Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks

There are two ___ on the desk. (book)

I need some ___. (water)

These ___ are very interesting. (story)

There is a lot of ___. (information)

Three ___ are in the classroom. (child)

Exercise 2. Choose the correct answer

I have (a / some) milk for breakfast.

There are many (student / students) in the hall.

This advice (is / are) very useful.

She buys (a / an) apple every day.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions

What things are in your school bag?

Is there any food or water with you today?

What information do you usually see in your classroom?

What activities do you like after school?

Is advice from teachers important for you? Why?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

books

water

stories

information

children

Exercise 2:

some

students

is

an

Exercise 3 (sample answers):

There are books, notebooks, and pens in my school bag. They help me study every day.

Yes, there is some water with me today. It is in a small bottle.

I usually see information about subjects and rules in my classroom. It helps me learn better.

I like activities such as reading and listening to music. They help me relax after school.

Yes, advice from teachers is important for me. It helps me avoid mistakes and improve my results.

Mini Tips

Запоминай неисчисляемые существительные вместе с выражениями: some water, a piece of advice.

Проверяй себя вопросом: можно ли посчитать? Если нет – слово неисчисляемое.

Have got / Has got

Grammar Focus

Конструкция have got / has got используется, чтобы говорить о наличии чего-то, принадлежности или свойствах. Она часто переводится на русский как «имею», «есть у…».

Have got используется с I, you, we, they.

I have got a book. – У меня есть книга.

We have got two cats. – У нас есть две кошки.

Has got используется с he, she, it.

He has got a bicycle. – У него есть велосипед.

She has got blue eyes. – У неё голубые глаза.

Отрицание:

I have not got a pen. – У меня нет ручки.

He has not got a dog. – У него нет собаки.

Вопрос:

Have you got a mobile phone? – У тебя есть мобильный телефон?

Has she got a sister? – У неё есть сестра?

Советы для школьников:

Have got / has got – это разговорная форма. В письменной речи можно просто использовать have / has.

В вопросах и отрицаниях вспомогательный глагол have / has ставится перед подлежащим.

После have got / has got всегда идёт существительное.

Story

My friend Lucy has got a small dog. Its name is Max, and it is very playful. She has got a blue collar and a soft bed for him. Max has got many toys, and he likes to play with them in the garden.

I have got a bicycle, and I often ride it after school. My brother has got a new skateboard, but I have not got one yet. We sometimes ride together, and it is always fun.

Our classroom has got a large window, and it has got a bright light. The classroom has got many desks and chairs, and each student has got a place to sit. Our teacher has got a big bag with books and materials. She has got everything she needs for the lessons.

In the evening, I feel happy because I have got good friends and a supportive family. We have got time to relax and talk about our day.

Useful Words and Expressions

dog – собака

playful – игривый

collar – ошейник

bed – кровать

toy – игрушка

garden – сад

bicycle – велосипед

skateboard – скейтборд

classroom – класс

window – окно

light – свет

desk – парта

chair – стул

bag – сумка

material – материал

supportive – поддерживающий

family – семья

Exercises

Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks

I ___ got a new pen.

She ___ got a red dress.

We ___ got two cats.

He ___ got a computer.

They ___ not got any problems.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct answer

My friend (have got / has got) a new phone.

I (have got / has got) a lot of books.

(Have / Has) you got a bicycle?

She (have got / has got) a small bag.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions

Have you got a pet? What is it?

Has your best friend got a favourite toy?

Have you got a bicycle or another transport?

Has your classroom got many windows?

Have you got something special at home?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

have

has

have

has

have

Exercise 2:

has got

have got

Have

has got

Exercise 3 (sample answers):

Yes, I have got a dog. Its name is Rex. He is playful and friendly.

Yes, my best friend has got a teddy bear. It is soft and very old.

I have got a bicycle. I ride it every day after school.

Yes, our classroom has got three big windows. They make the room bright.

Yes, I have got a small lamp on my desk. It helps me read in the evening.

Mini Tips

Повторяй структуру: I/We/You/They – have got, He/She/It – has got.

Используй с предметами, животными и членами семьи, чтобы практиковать принадлежность.

В вопросах и отрицаниях всегда меняй порядок: Have you got …? / I have not got ….

Present Simple: Affirmative Sentences

Grammar Focus

Present Simple – это настоящее простое время. Оно используется, чтобы говорить о регулярных действиях, привычках, фактах и общих истинах.

Структура утвердительного предложения:

Подлежащее + глагол (основная форма)

I play football. – Я играю в футбол.

She likes music. – Она любит музыку.

We study English every day. – Мы учим английский каждый день.

Особенности:

Для he, she, it к глаголу добавляется -s или -es:

He watches TV. – Он смотрит телевизор.

She goes to school by bus. – Она ездит в школу на автобусе.

С другими местоимениями глагол остаётся в основной форме:

I read books.

They play football.

Советы для школьников:

Не забывай про -s/-es с he, she, it.

Present Simple часто используется с наречиями частоты: always, usually, often, sometimes, never.

Для отрицаний и вопросов используется do / does, но это будет в другой главе.

Story

Every morning, I wake up at seven o’clock. I brush my teeth and wash my face. Then I eat breakfast with my family. My mother makes tea, and my father reads the newspaper. We usually talk about our plans for the day.

After breakfast, I go to school. I walk with my friends, and we talk about our lessons. My teachers teach different subjects. My favourite subject is English because I like learning new words. We always have fun in the English class.

In the afternoon, I play football with my classmates. They enjoy the game, and I enjoy it too. After that, I go home and do my homework. In the evening, I read a book or listen to music. I usually go to bed at ten o’clock. Every day is full, but I am happy with my routine.

Useful Words and Expressions

wake up – просыпаться

brush teeth – чистить зубы

wash face – умываться

breakfast – завтрак

newspaper – газета

plan – план

lesson – урок

favourite subject – любимый предмет

learn – учить

word – слово

fun – удовольствие

game – игра

classmate – одноклассник

homework – домашнее задание

listen to music – слушать музыку

evening – вечер

routine – распорядок дня

Exercises

Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks

I ___ up at seven o’clock every day.

She ___ breakfast with her family.

They ___ football in the afternoon.

My brother ___ English at school.

We ___ music in the evening.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct answer

He (play / plays) tennis on Saturdays.

My friends (like / likes) reading books.

I (watch / watches) TV every evening.

She (go / goes) to school by bus.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions

What time do you usually wake up?

What do you eat for breakfast?

Which subject do you like at school?

Do you play any sports? Which ones?

What do you usually do in the evening?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

wake

eats

play

studies

listen

Exercise 2:

plays

like

watch

goes

Exercise 3 (sample answers):

I usually wake up at seven o’clock. I start my day by washing my face.

I eat cereal and drink tea for breakfast. Sometimes I have fruit.

My favourite subject at school is English. I enjoy learning new words.

Yes, I play football with my friends. We usually play after school.

In the evening, I do my homework and listen to music. It helps me relax.

Mini Tips

Для he, she, it добавляй -s / -es: he plays, she watches.

Наречия частоты помогают практиковать Present Simple: always, usually, sometimes, never.

Читай вслух свои утвердительные предложения, чтобы запомнить структуру естественно.

Present Simple: Negative and Questions

Grammar Focus

В английском языке Present Simple используется для регулярных действий и фактов, а в отрицательных предложениях и вопросах появляются вспомогательные глаголы do / does.

Отрицательные предложения:

I / you / we / they + do not (don’t) + глагол

I don’t play tennis. – Я не играю в теннис.

They don’t like pizza. – Им не нравится пицца.

He / she / it + does not (doesn’t) + глагол

She doesn’t watch TV. – Она не смотрит телевизор.

He doesn’t eat sweets. – Он не ест сладости.

Вопросительные предложения:

Do + I/you/we/they + глагол?

Do you play football? – Ты играешь в футбол?

Do they like English? – Им нравится английский?

Does + he/she/it + глагол?

Does he study English? – Он учит английский?

Does she have a dog? – У неё есть собака?

Советы для школьников:

В отрицании и вопросах не добавляем -s к глаголу для he, she, it – вместо этого используем does / doesn’t.

Ответы на вопросы короткие:

Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

Yes, she does. / No, he doesn’t.

Story

I usually wake up at seven o’clock, but sometimes I don’t get up on time. I don’t eat sweets in the morning because my mother says they are not healthy. Do you eat sweets before breakfast? I think it is not a good idea.

My brother goes to school by bus, but he doesn’t like it. He usually walks with his friends when the weather is nice. Does he walk fast? Yes, he walks very fast.

In the classroom, we don’t always listen to the teacher. Sometimes students talk and laugh, but the teacher doesn’t get angry. Do you talk in class? I try not to talk because I want to learn.

In the afternoon, I play football with my friends. We don’t play every day, only on weekends. Does your friend play football too? I hope so, because it is fun to play together.

Useful Words and Expressions

usually – обычно

sometimes – иногда

sweets – сладости

healthy – здоровый

get up – вставать

weather – погода

fast – быстро

listen – слушать

talk – разговаривать

laugh – смеяться

angry – сердитый

afternoon – после обеда

weekend – выходные

idea – идея

fun – весело

together – вместе

Exercises

Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks

She ___ (not / like) chocolate.

I ___ (not / watch) TV in the morning.

He ___ (not / go) to school by car.

___ you ___ (play) football on weekends?

___ he ___ (study) English every day?

Exercise 2. Choose the correct answer

They (doesn’t / don’t) like pizza.

He (do / does) not go to the park.

(Do / Does) she have a pen?

I (don’t / doesn’t) play computer games in the evening.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions

Do you wake up early every day?

Do you like sweets?

Does your best friend go to school by bus?

Do you play any sports?

Does your teacher give homework every day?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

doesn’t

don’t

doesn’t

Do… play

Does… study

Exercise 2:

don’t

does

Does

don’t

Exercise 3 (sample answers):

Yes, I wake up early every day. I usually get up at seven o’clock.

Sometimes I like sweets, but I don’t eat them every day.

Yes, my best friend goes to school by bus. He likes it.

Yes, I play football with my friends after school.

Yes, my teacher gives homework every day. It helps me learn.

Mini Tips

Для he, she, it не добавляй -s после does / doesn’t.

В вопросах вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим: Do you…? Does he…?

Короткие ответы помогают быстро говорить: Yes, I do. / No, he doesn’t.

Adverbs of Frequency

Grammar Focus

Adverbs of frequency – это слова, которые показывают, как часто происходит действие. Они помогают говорить о привычках, распорядке дня и повторяющихся событиях.

Основные наречия частоты:

always – всегда

usually – обычно

often – часто

sometimes – иногда

rarely – редко

never – никогда

Позиция в предложении:

Перед основным глаголом (но после to be):

I always wake up at seven.

She never eats sweets.

Если глагол to be, наречие стоит после него:

He is usually happy.

They are never late.

Советы для школьников:

Наречия частоты помогают строить предложения в Present Simple.

Ставь наречие перед глаголом, если это не to be.

Используй эти слова, чтобы говорить о своих привычках.

Story

Every day, I wake up at seven o’clock. I always brush my teeth and wash my face. I usually eat breakfast with my family. My mother always makes tea, and my father often reads the newspaper.

After breakfast, I go to school. I usually walk with my friends, but sometimes I go alone. At school, my teachers always explain new topics clearly. We sometimes do fun activities in class.

In the afternoon, I play football with my friends. We often meet at the school yard. My brother rarely joins us because he has other hobbies. In the evening, I do my homework. I always finish it before dinner. After that, I sometimes watch TV or listen to music.

I am happy with my routine because I always have time for school, friends, and hobbies. Life is better when I follow a plan.

Useful Words and Expressions

wake up – просыпаться

brush teeth – чистить зубы

wash face – умываться

breakfast – завтрак

usually – обычно

always – всегда

often – часто

sometimes – иногда

rarely – редко

never – никогда

school – школа

teacher – учитель

topic – тема

activity – занятие

yard – двор

hobby – хобби

dinner – ужин

Exercises

Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks

I ___ brush my teeth in the morning. (always / sometimes)

She ___ goes to school by bus. (never / usually)