Полная версия
Тренинг по грамматике английского языка. Практический курс от простого к сложному
start – начинать
finish – заканчивать
homework – домашняя работа
usually – обычно
sometimes – иногда
early – рано
rain – дождь
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
___ is calling John on the phone?
___ is John doing today?
___ is the library?
___ does John start his class?
___ is John going to the library so early?
Exercise 2: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct question word:
___ do you usually eat breakfast?
a) Where
b) When
c) Who
___ is sitting at the table?
a) Who
b) What
c) Why
___ do you go to school?
a) How
b) When
c) Where
Exercise 3: Questions about the story
Answer 2—3 sentences each:
Who is calling John?
What is John doing today?
Where is the library?
When does John’s class start?
How does John usually go to the library?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
Who
What
Where
When
Why
Exercise 2:
b) When
a) Who
a) How
Exercise 3:
John’s friend, Alex, is calling him on the phone.
John is going to the library to study English.
The library is near the park, next to the school.
John’s class starts at ten o’clock.
John usually walks to the library, but sometimes he takes the bus if it is raining.
Mini tips:
Чтобы не путаться, сначала подумайте, что вы хотите узнать: человек, место, время, причина или способ.
Запоминайте, что для Present Simple после вопросительных слов нужен do/does, кроме вопросов с «to be».
Практикуйтесь, задавая себе вопросы о своём дне и отвечая на них.
Can / Can’t – Ability and Possibility
Grammar Focus
Can используется для выражения:
Умения
I can swim. – Я умею плавать.
Возможности
We can meet tomorrow. – Мы можем встретиться завтра.
Can’t используется для отрицания:
I can’t play the piano. – Я не умею играть на пианино.
She can’t come today. – Она не может прийти сегодня.
Вопросы с can:
Can I help you? – Могу я помочь вам?
Can he speak English? – Он умеет говорить по-английски?
Советы и типичные ошибки:
После can / can’t глагол идёт в инфинитиве без to.
Wrong: I can to swim.
Correct: I can swim.
Can используется для настоящего и будущего, не для прошедшего. Для прошлого обычно используем could.
Story
A Weekend of Abilities
Tom is excited. It is Saturday morning, and he has many plans. He can ride his bicycle very fast. Today, he is riding in the park near his house.
His sister, Anna, can draw beautiful pictures. She is drawing a large landscape with mountains and trees. Tom looks at her work and says, «I can’t draw like that!»
In the kitchen, their mother can cook delicious pancakes. Tom tries to help, but he can’t flip the pancakes correctly.
Later, Tom and Anna plan to play football. Tom can kick the ball far, but Anna can’t run very fast. Still, they enjoy the game and laugh together.
Tom thinks about the day and says, «I can ride, Anna can draw, and Mom can cook. We all have special skills!»
Useful Words and Expressions
can – мочь, уметь
can’t – не мочь, не уметь
ride a bicycle – кататься на велосипеде
fast – быстро
draw – рисовать
picture – рисунок
landscape – пейзаж
mountain – гора
tree – дерево
look at – смотреть на
cook – готовить
pancake – блин
flip – переворачивать
football – футбол
kick – пинать
run – бегать
skill – навык
enjoy – наслаждаться
laugh – смеяться
plan – планировать
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
Tom ___ (ride) his bicycle very fast.
Anna ___ (draw) a beautiful landscape.
Tom ___ (not / draw) like Anna.
Their mother ___ (cook) delicious pancakes.
Anna ___ (not / run) very fast in football.
Exercise 2: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct form:
I ___ swim very well.
a) can
b) can’t
c) do
She ___ come to the party today.
a) can
b) can’t
c) is
We ___ play football together this afternoon.
a) can
b) can’t
c) are
Exercise 3: Questions about the story
Answer 2—3 sentences each:
What can Tom do very well?
What is Anna doing in the story?
Can Tom draw as well as Anna?
What can their mother do in the kitchen?
Who can run fast, and who can’t?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
can
can
can’t
can
can’t
Exercise 2:
a) can
b) can’t
a) can
Exercise 3:
Tom can ride his bicycle very fast.
Anna is drawing a beautiful landscape with mountains and trees.
No, Tom can’t draw as well as Anna.
Their mother can cook delicious pancakes in the kitchen.
Tom can run fast, but Anna can’t run very fast.
Mini tips:
После can / can’t всегда используйте глагол без to.
Попробуйте описывать себя и членов семьи: что вы можете делать, а что нет.
Составляйте списки навыков и возможностей, чтобы лучше запомнить конструкции.
Have / Has – Possession and States
Grammar Focus
Have / Has используются для выражения владения, отношений, состояния или наличия чего-либо.
Have используется с I, You, We, They.
I have a dog. – У меня есть собака.
We have many friends. – У нас много друзей.
Has используется с He, She, It.
She has a new bike. – У неё новый велосипед.
It has four wheels. – У него четыре колеса.
Отрицание:
I / We / You / They don’t have…
We don’t have a car. – У нас нет машины.
He / She / It doesn’t have…
He doesn’t have a pen. – У него нет ручки.
Вопросы:
Do I / you / we / they have …?
Do you have a pet? – У тебя есть питомец?
Does he / she / it have …?
Does she have a bicycle? – У неё есть велосипед?
Советы и типичные ошибки:
Не путайте have / has с глаголом to be.
После don’t / doesn’t всегда have без «s».
Для вопросов используйте вспомогательные do / does, а не переставляйте have.
Story
A Family of Pets
The Roberts family loves animals. They have a dog named Bruno and a cat named Lucy. Bruno is big and brown, and Lucy is small and white.
John, the father, has a parrot. The parrot can speak a few words, and it always surprises the children. The mother, Anna, has many plants in the garden. She takes care of them every morning.
The children also have their own pets. Emma has a hamster, and Peter has a goldfish. They enjoy feeding and playing with their pets every day.
Sometimes, the children notice that Bruno has a favorite toy and Lucy has a cozy bed in the living room. The Roberts family says, «We are happy because we have so many wonderful friends – our pets!»
Useful Words and Expressions
have – иметь, владеть
has – имеет
don’t have – не иметь
doesn’t have – не имеет
dog – собака
cat – кошка
parrot – попугай
hamster – хомяк
goldfish – золотая рыбка
pet – домашнее животное
big – большой
small – маленький
brown – коричневый
white – белый
plant – растение
garden – сад
toy – игрушка
bed – кровать
take care – заботиться
surprise – удивлять
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
The family ___ (have) a dog named Bruno.
Lucy ___ (be) small and white, and she ___ (have) a cozy bed.
John ___ (have) a parrot.
Emma ___ (have) a hamster.
The family ___ (not / have) any rabbits.
Exercise 2: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct form:
She ___ a bicycle.
a) have
b) has
c) don’t have
They ___ a big garden.
a) doesn’t have
b) has
c) have
Does he ___ a goldfish?
a) has
b) have
c) is
Exercise 3: Questions about the story
Answer 2—3 sentences each:
What pets do the Roberts family have?
What does John have in addition to Bruno and Lucy?
What pets do Emma and Peter have?
What does Lucy have in the living room?
Why is the Roberts family happy?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
have
is, has
has
has
don’t have
Exercise 2:
b) has
c) have
b) have
Exercise 3:
The Roberts family has a dog named Bruno and a cat named Lucy.
John has a parrot that can speak a few words.
Emma has a hamster, and Peter has a goldfish.
Lucy has a cozy bed in the living room.
The Roberts family is happy because they have many wonderful friends – their pets.
Mini tips:
Помните, что have используется для I/You/We/They, а has – для He/She/It.
Отрицания строятся с don’t/doesn’t + have, не добавляя «s».
Практикуйтесь, описывая свою семью, друзей и домашних животных с помощью have / has.
Imperatives – Commands and Instructions
Grammar Focus
Imperatives используются для:
Команд – что кто-то должен сделать.
Sit down. – Садись.
Open the window. – Открой окно.
Инструкций и советов
Turn left at the corner. – Поверни налево на углу.
Don’t touch the hot pan. – Не трогай горячую сковороду.
Особенности:
В предложении нет подлежащего, оно подразумевается (you).
Для отрицательных императивов добавляем don’t перед глаголом.
Don’t run in the corridor. – Не бегай по коридору.
Императив может быть мягким, если добавлены слова please / kindly.
Please close the door. – Пожалуйста, закрой дверь.
Советы:
Используйте простую форму глагола без «to».
В инструкциях говорите кратко и понятно.
Для вежливости добавляйте «please», особенно взрослым.
Story
A Day in the Kitchen
Lisa is helping her mother in the kitchen. Her mother gives her several instructions.
«Wash your hands first,» she says. Lisa washes her hands carefully. «Now, cut the vegetables,» her mother continues. Lisa takes a knife and cuts the carrots and tomatoes.
«Don’t forget to peel the potatoes,» her mother adds. Lisa peels the potatoes and puts them in a bowl. «Boil the water and add the pasta,» her mother says. Lisa follows all the steps carefully.
Finally, her mother tells her, «Stir the soup and taste it. If it needs salt, add some.» Lisa tastes the soup and adds a little salt. The meal is ready, and both of them are happy.
Useful Words and Expressions
wash hands – мыть руки
cut – резать
vegetables – овощи
carrot – морковь
tomato – помидор
peel – чистить
potato – картофель
bowl – миска
boil – кипятить
water – вода
pasta – макароны
stir – помешивать
taste – пробовать
add – добавлять
salt – соль
knife – нож
carefully – осторожно
first – сначала
finally – наконец
ready – готово
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
___ your hands before cooking.
___ the vegetables carefully.
___ the potatoes before boiling them.
___ the water and add the pasta.
___ the soup and taste it.
Exercise 2: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct imperative:
___ the door, please.
a) Open
b) Opens
c) Opening
___ run in the kitchen.
a) Don’t
b) Does
c) Do
___ the mixture carefully.
a) Stir
b) Stirs
c) Stirring
Exercise 3: Questions about the story
Answer 2—3 sentences each:
What does Lisa do first in the kitchen?
What vegetables does she cut?
What should Lisa do with the potatoes?
How does she prepare the pasta?
How do Lisa and her mother feel at the end?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
Wash
Cut
Peel
Boil
Stir
Exercise 2:
a) Open
a) Don’t
a) Stir
Exercise 3:
Lisa washes her hands first, as her mother instructed.
She cuts carrots and tomatoes carefully.
She peels the potatoes before putting them in the bowl.
She boils the water and adds the pasta.
Lisa and her mother are happy because the meal is ready.
Mini tips:
В командах и инструкциях всегда используйте глагол в простой форме без «to».
Для отрицаний добавляйте don’t перед глаголом.
Практикуйтесь, составляя короткие инструкции для повседневных действий: уборка, готовка, игры.
Adverbs of Frequency – Always, Often, Sometimes, Never
Grammar Focus
Adverbs of frequency используются для указания, как часто происходит действие. Они помогают описывать привычки и регулярные действия.
Always – всегда (100% случаев)
I always brush my teeth in the morning. – Я всегда чищу зубы утром.
Often – часто (примерно 70—80%)
She often goes for a walk after school. – Она часто гуляет после школы.
Sometimes – иногда (примерно 50%)
We sometimes watch movies on weekends. – Мы иногда смотрим фильмы по выходным.
Never – никогда (0%)
He never eats sweets. – Он никогда не ест сладкое.
Порядок слов:
Наречие ставится перед основным глаголом, но после глагола to be.
I often read books.
She is always happy.
Типичные ошибки:
Наречие не ставят в начале предложения для обычного времени.
Wrong: Always I brush my teeth.
Correct: I always brush my teeth.
С глаголом to be наречие идёт после него.
Correct: He is never late.
Советы:
Используйте наречия, чтобы говорить о привычках и распорядке дня.
Всегда повторяйте одни и те же наречия в разных предложениях, чтобы лучше закрепить их.
Story
A Typical Week for Anna
Anna has a busy week. She always wakes up at seven o’clock. After breakfast, she often walks to school. During lessons, she sometimes forgets to take notes, but she always listens carefully.
In the afternoon, Anna usually goes to the park. She sometimes meets her friends there and they play football together. In the evenings, she never watches TV before finishing her homework.
On Saturdays, she often visits her grandmother. She always helps her in the garden, watering plants and collecting vegetables. Sundays are special – Anna always reads her favorite books quietly in the living room.
Anna says, «I always try to be organized, and sometimes I succeed perfectly!»
Useful Words and Expressions
always – всегда
often – часто
sometimes – иногда
never – никогда
wake up – просыпаться
breakfast – завтрак
walk – гулять, идти пешком
school – школа
lesson – урок
forget – забывать
note – запись, конспект
listen – слушать
carefully – внимательно
afternoon – после полудня
park – парк
meet – встречать, встречаться
play football – играть в футбол
evening – вечер
homework – домашняя работа
garden – сад
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
Anna ___ (always / never) wakes up at seven o’clock.
She ___ (often / sometimes) walks to school.
She ___ (never / always) forgets to take notes.
She ___ (sometimes / never) watches TV before finishing homework.
On Sundays, Anna ___ (always / often) reads books.
Exercise 2: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct adverb:
I ___ go to the gym after school.
a) always
b) never
c) sometimes
He is ___ late for lessons.
a) sometimes
b) always
c) often
We ___ visit our grandparents on weekends.
a) never
b) sometimes
c) always
Exercise 3: Questions about the story
Answer 2—3 sentences each:
What time does Anna always wake up?
How often does she walk to school?
What does she never do before finishing homework?
What does Anna often do on Saturdays?
What does she always do on Sundays?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
always
often
sometimes
never
always
Exercise 2:
c) sometimes
b) always
c) always
Exercise 3:
Anna always wakes up at seven o’clock.
She often walks to school after breakfast.
She never watches TV before finishing her homework.
On Saturdays, Anna often visits her grandmother and helps in the garden.
On Sundays, she always reads her favorite books quietly in the living room.
Mini tips:
Наречия always, often, sometimes, never помогают описывать привычки.
С глаголами, кроме «to be», наречие идёт перед глаголом; с «to be» – после.
Попробуйте описывать свой день, используя эти наречия, чтобы закрепить их использование.
Like / Love / Enjoy – Expressing Preferences
Grammar Focus
Like / Love / Enjoy используются, чтобы говорить о том, что нам нравится или чем мы увлечены.
Like – нравится, нейтральное предпочтение.
I like pizza. – Мне нравится пицца.
Love – очень нравится, сильная симпатия.
She loves reading books. – Она обожает читать книги.
Enjoy – получать удовольствие, наслаждаться чем-либо.
We enjoy playing football. – Нам нравится играть в футбол.
Порядок слов:
После like / love / enjoy всегда глагол с -ing, если говорим о действии.
I like swimming. – Мне нравится плавать.
Если речь о существительных, просто используем объект.
He loves chocolate. – Он любит шоколад.
Отрицание и вопросы:
I don’t like / love / enjoy…
I don’t like horror movies. – Мне не нравятся фильмы ужасов.
Do you like / love / enjoy …?
Do you enjoy reading? – Тебе нравится читать?
Советы:
Используйте like для обычных предпочтений, love – для сильной симпатии, enjoy – для действий, от которых получаете удовольствие.
Не забывайте ставить -ing после глаголов для описания действий.
Story
Weekend Fun
Emma has a busy weekend. She loves drawing, so on Saturday morning, she spends two hours drawing pictures of animals. She also enjoys listening to music while drawing.
Her brother, Tom, likes playing football. He goes to the park and plays with his friends. Sometimes Emma joins him, but she doesn’t enjoy running as much as Tom.
In the afternoon, the children enjoy baking cookies with their mother. Emma loves chocolate cookies, and Tom likes vanilla ones. They always have fun in the kitchen and enjoy spending time together.
In the evening, Emma reads a new book. She loves reading stories about adventures, while Tom enjoys playing computer games. They agree that weekends are the best time for doing what they like.
Useful Words and Expressions
like – нравиться
love – обожать
enjoy – наслаждаться
don’t like – не нравится
drawing – рисование
picture – рисунок
animal – животное
music – музыка
playing football – играть в футбол
run – бегать
bake – печь
cookie – печенье
chocolate – шоколад
vanilla – ваниль
kitchen – кухня
spend time – проводить время
story – история
adventure – приключение
weekend – выходные
friend – друг
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
Emma ___ (love / like) drawing pictures.
Tom ___ (enjoy / love) playing football.
Emma sometimes ___ (enjoy / love) running.
They ___ (enjoy / like) baking cookies with their mother.
Tom ___ (like / love) vanilla cookies.
Exercise 2: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct verb:
I ___ reading adventure stories.
a) like
b) love
c) enjoy
She ___ listening to music while drawing.
a) enjoys
b) loves
c) likes
We ___ horror movies.
a) love
b) don’t like
c) enjoy
Exercise 3: Questions about the story
Answer 2—3 sentences each:
What does Emma love doing on Saturday morning?
What does Tom like doing in the park?
Do Emma and Tom enjoy baking cookies?
Which cookies does Emma love?
How do Emma and Tom spend their evenings?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
love
enjoys
don’t enjoy
enjoy
likes
Exercise 2:
b) love
a) enjoys
b) don’t like
Exercise 3:
Emma loves drawing pictures of animals on Saturday morning.
Tom likes playing football in the park with his friends.
Yes, Emma and Tom enjoy baking cookies with their mother.
Emma loves chocolate cookies, while Tom likes vanilla ones.
In the evenings, Emma reads adventure stories, and Tom enjoys playing computer games.
Mini tips:
После like / love / enjoy добавляйте -ing, когда говорите о действиях.
Используйте like для обычных предпочтений, love для сильной симпатии, enjoy – для действий, которые доставляют удовольствие.
Практикуйтесь, описывая свои хобби и то, что вам нравится.
Past Simple (Regular Verbs) – Correct Verbs
Grammar Focus
