Лексика английского языка для старших классов. Начинаем подготовку к ОГЭ и ЕГЭ

Лексика английского языка для старших классов

Начинаем подготовку к ОГЭ и ЕГЭ

Айви Вордс

© Айви Вордс, 2026

ISBN 978-5-0069-0699-0

Создано в интеллектуальной издательской системе Ridero

Предисловие

Дорогие читатели,

Представленная книга является результатом многолетнего опыта работы с учениками старших классов, стремящимися расширить свой лексический запас и подготовиться к важным экзаменам – ОГЭ и ЕГЭ. Как преподаватель английского языка, я всегда уделяла особое внимание не только грамматике и структуре языка, но и важности активного словарного запаса для успешного общения и выполнения экзаменационных заданий. Ведь знание слов – это не только ключ к грамотному письму и устной речи, но и к уверенности в любой языковой ситуации.

В данной книге я постаралась соединить два важных аспекта учебного процесса: развитие лексики и практическую подготовку к экзаменам. Каждая глава посвящена определенной тематике, актуальной для подростков в возрасте 16—18 лет, и построена таким образом, чтобы расширить ваш словарный запас, а также научить вас использовать полученные знания на практике. В процессе изучения новых слов и выражений вы будете развивать навыки, которые пригодятся вам не только на экзаменах, но и в повседневной жизни, а также в будущем профессиональном общении.

Я специально включила в книгу разнообразные типы упражнений, начиная от заполнения пропусков и сопоставлений, до вопросов личного характера, которые помогут вам не только лучше запомнить новые слова, но и научиться строить логичные и развернутые ответы на типичные вопросы экзаменационных интервью. Вопросы для обсуждения, предлагаемые в конце каждой главы, помогут вам привыкнуть к формату интервью и дать развёрнутые, аргументированные ответы на различные темы.

Я надеюсь, что эта книга поможет вам не только повысить уровень знания языка, но и научит уверенно и свободно общаться на английском, используя богатый и разнообразный лексикон. Я уверена, что каждый урок, упражнение и рассказ, включенные в этот сборник, будут полезны для ваших дальнейших успехов и помогут вам сдать экзамены на максимально высокий балл.

Everyday Family Life

Story

Hey, I’m Max, 17 years old. I live with my mom, dad, and my younger sister, Lily. We live in a small apartment on the outskirts of the city. Our family life is pretty normal, nothing too special, but it’s definitely never boring.

On weekdays, things are a bit hectic in the mornings. My dad works early, so he’s usually out of the house by the time I wake up. My mom is always running around, trying to get Lily ready for school and make sure I don’t forget my lunch. I’m the type who needs a lot of sleep, so getting up on time isn’t always easy. My mom has to call me twice or even three times before I finally get out of bed!

After school, I usually hang out with my friends or go home to help with some chores. My parents both work full-time, so they’re not home until around 6 p.m. It’s kind of a routine – I help with dinner, or if I’m not in the mood, I just relax in my room. Lily, on the other hand, is always running around the house, playing music, or making a mess in the living room. But I don’t mind. It’s just her way of coping with everything.

Family dinners are the one thing we always do together. We may not have a fancy meal, but it’s our time to catch up on the day. We talk about school, work, and anything else that comes to mind. After dinner, my parents usually watch TV, and I spend some time either on my laptop or reading. But we try to stay connected, even if it’s just for a little while. Weekends are the best – we try to go on small family outings, like to the park or for a walk in the neighborhood. It’s our time to relax and enjoy each other’s company.

Life with my family isn’t perfect, but it’s real. Sometimes there are arguments, especially between Lily and me, but at the end of the day, we always find a way to make up. My parents are supportive, even when they’re busy. They may not always understand what I’m going through, but they always listen. That’s what matters the most.

Useful Phrases and Expressions

To get up on time – встать вовремя

To call someone twice or three times – позвонить кому-то два или три раза

To help with chores – помогать по хозяйству

To be in the mood for something – быть в настроении что-то делать

To have family dinners together – ужинать всей семьей

To catch up on the day – обсудить события дня

To spend time with someone – проводить время с кем-то

To stay connected – поддерживать связь

To go on family outings – устраивать семейные выезды

To enjoy each other’s company – наслаждаться обществом друг друга

To relax at home – отдыхать дома

To cope with something – справляться с чем-то

To make up after an argument – помириться после ссоры

To be supportive – поддерживать

To listen to someone – выслушивать кого-то

To talk about school, work, etc. – говорить о школе, работе и т. д.

To have a routine – иметь распорядок дня

To be busy with work – быть занятым на работе

To spend time in my room – проводить время в своей комнате

To run around the house – бегать по дому

To be in charge of something – быть ответственным за что-то

To get along with someone – ладить с кем-то

To be part of the family – быть частью семьи

To argue with someone – спорить с кем-то

To understand someone – понимать кого-то

Vocabulary Practice Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrases from the list.

Every morning, my mom calls me __________ to wake up.

I don’t always feel like doing chores, but I still __________ and help out.

Our family __________ every evening at 7 p.m. to eat together.

I always try to __________ with my family on the weekends.

Sometimes my sister and I __________, but we always make up after.

My parents are busy with work, but they always __________ when I need to talk.

My sister is always __________, playing music and making noise.

I sometimes like to __________, especially when I have a lot of homework.

Even if we argue, we always __________ and make things right.

I can’t wait for the weekend to __________ with my family.

Exercise 2: Matching

Match the phrases with their correct translations.

To help with chores

To be in the mood for something

To go on family outings

To stay connected

To be supportive

To make up after an argument

a) быть в настроении что-то делать

b) проводить семейные выезды

c) быть поддерживающим

d) помогать по хозяйству

e) помириться после ссоры

f) поддерживать связь

Exercise 3: Personal Questions

Answer the following questions based on your own experiences.

How does your family spend time together during the week?

Do you have any family traditions, like a specific day for family dinners or outings?

How do you help your parents or siblings at home?

Have you ever had a disagreement with your family? How did you solve it?

What do you do when you want to relax at home with your family?

Answer Key

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

twice or three times

help out

has family dinners together

go on family outings

argue

listen to me

running around the house

spend time in my room

make up after an argument

spend time with my family

Exercise 2: Matching

To help with chores – d) помогать по хозяйству

To be in the mood for something – a) быть в настроении что-то делать

To go on family outings – b) проводить семейные выезды

To stay connected – f) поддерживать связь

To be supportive – c) быть поддерживающим

To make up after an argument – e) помириться после ссоры

Exercise 3: Personal Questions

1. How does your family spend time together during the week?

Our family usually spends time together during dinner. We have a routine of sitting down at the table every evening and catching up on our day. Sometimes, we also watch a movie or go for a walk after dinner.

2. Do you have any family traditions, like a specific day for family dinners or outings?

Yes, we have a tradition of having a family dinner every Sunday. We also try to go on a short outing together, like visiting a nearby park or having a picnic if the weather is nice. It’s our way of spending quality time together without distractions.

3. How do you help your parents or siblings at home?

I help my parents with cooking and cleaning. I also try to keep my younger brother entertained when my parents are busy with work. Sometimes, I even help with grocery shopping, especially if my mom is too tired after a long day at work.

4. Have you ever had a disagreement with your family? How did you solve it?

Yes, sometimes I argue with my younger sister, especially when she takes my things without asking. We usually solve it by talking about the problem and apologizing to each other. My parents also help us understand each other’s point of view.

5. What do you do when you want to relax at home with your family?

When I want to relax with my family, we usually watch a movie or play board games together. Sometimes, we just sit and talk about our day. It’s nice to have moments where we can all unwind and enjoy each other’s company.

Interpersonal Relationships in the Family

Story

Hi, I’m Leo, I’m 16, and I live with my mom, dad, and older sister, Emma, who’s 18. I guess you could say that our family is a bit complicated, especially when it comes to relationships.

My mom and I get along pretty well most of the time, but there are moments when we just don’t understand each other. She’s always on my case about school and what I should do with my life. She’s really protective, and sometimes I feel like she doesn’t trust me to make my own decisions. I know she means well, but it can be frustrating when she treats me like I’m still a kid.

My dad is a bit different. We don’t talk much about personal stuff, but I know he supports me. He’s more laid-back and gives me space, but sometimes I wish he would be a bit more involved. He’s often busy with work, and I understand that, but I feel like we don’t have many deep conversations.

Emma, my sister, and I have a love-hate relationship. One minute, we’re laughing together, and the next minute, we’re fighting over something silly like whose turn it is to clean the bathroom. I don’t know why, but we just seem to clash a lot. Maybe it’s because we’re both trying to find our place in the family, and sometimes it feels like there’s not enough attention to go around.

But no matter what happens, we always manage to make up. We might argue, but at the end of the day, we all care about each other. I’ve learned that family relationships can be tough, but they’re also the most important ones. Even when we disagree, we support each other because we’re family, and that’s what matters most.

Useful Phrases and Expressions

To get along well – ладить с кем-то

To be on someone’s case – надоедать кому-то, критиковать

To treat someone like a kid – относиться к кому-то как к ребенку

To trust someone – доверять кому-то

To support someone – поддерживать кого-то

To give someone space – давать кому-то пространство

To be involved – быть вовлеченным

To clash with someone – конфликтовать с кем-то

To fight over something – ссориться из-за чего-то

To make up – помириться

To have deep conversations – проводить глубокие беседы

To feel frustrated – чувствовать себя раздраженно

To treat someone like an adult – относиться к кому-то как к взрослому

To argue with someone – спорить с кем-то

To find one’s place in the family – найти свое место в семье

To have a love-hate relationship – иметь отношения «любовь-ненависть»

To understand someone – понимать кого-то

To care about someone – заботиться о ком-то

To manage to do something – справиться с чем-то

To be protective – быть защитным, опекающим

To give advice – давать советы

To trust someone’s judgment – доверять чьему-то мнению

To keep things to oneself – держать что-то при себе

To feel like there’s not enough attention – чувствовать, что на тебя не хватает внимания

To be there for someone – быть рядом с кем-то, поддерживать

Vocabulary Practice Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrases from the list.

My mom is always __________ about my grades and future, but I know she just wants the best for me.

Sometimes my sister and I __________ over the smallest things, like who left the dishes in the sink.

I really appreciate that my dad gives me __________ and lets me handle things on my own.

My parents __________ me in everything I do, even if we don’t always agree.

After our argument, Emma and I finally __________ and made up.

My sister and I __________, and it feels like we can never agree on anything.

Sometimes I feel like my mom treats me like a child instead of __________ me like an adult.

I get really __________ when my mom keeps telling me what to do.

Even though we fight, I know that my family will always __________ me.

I like to __________ with my friends instead of talking to my parents about personal stuff.

Exercise 2: Matching

Match the phrases with their correct translations.

To clash with someone

To trust someone’s judgment

To feel frustrated

To have a love-hate relationship

To give advice

To be protective

a) чувствовать себя раздраженно

b) иметь отношения «любовь-ненависть»

c) давать советы

d) быть защитным

e) конфликтовать с кем-то

f) доверять чьему-то мнению

Exercise 3: Personal Questions

Answer the following questions based on your own experiences.

How do you get along with your parents or siblings? Are there any specific things you argue about?

Have you ever felt misunderstood by your parents? How did you handle it?

Do you feel your parents treat you more like a child or an adult? Why?

How do you resolve conflicts with your siblings or parents?

What do you do when you need advice from your family?

Answer Key

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

on my case

fight over something

space

support

made up

clash with someone

treating

frustrated

be there for

keep things to myself

Exercise 2: Matching

To clash with someone – e) конфликтовать с кем-то

To trust someone’s judgment – f) доверять чьему-то мнению

To feel frustrated – a) чувствовать себя раздраженно

To have a love-hate relationship – b) иметь отношения «любовь-ненависть»

To give advice – c) давать советы

To be protective – d) быть защитником

Example Answers to Personal Questions:

How do you get along with your parents or siblings? Are there any specific things you argue about?

I get along well with my parents, but I sometimes argue with my sister over small things like who gets the TV remote or who has to do the dishes. We get over it quickly, though.

Have you ever felt misunderstood by your parents? How did you handle it?

Yes, sometimes I feel like my mom doesn’t understand why I want to spend so much time with my friends instead of at home. I explained that it’s important for me to have my own space, and she listened after that.

Do you feel your parents treat you more like a child or an adult? Why?

I think my parents treat me like an adult because they trust me to make decisions for myself. However, my mom still gives me advice about school and my future, which makes me feel like she wants to protect me.

How do you resolve conflicts with your siblings or parents?

I usually talk things out calmly with my siblings after a disagreement. If it’s with my parents, I try to explain my point of view and listen to theirs. If we still don’t agree, we take some time and come back to the conversation later.

What do you do when you need advice from your family?

When I need advice, I usually talk to my dad because he gives good, level-headed advice. My mom tends to be a bit emotional, but I go to her for support when I need comfort.

Family Traditions

Story

Hey, I’m Sasha, I’m 17 years old, and I want to tell you about some of the traditions in my family that make our life special.

Our family is pretty close, and we have a few traditions that bring us together every year. One of my favorites is Thanksgiving dinner. Every year, my mom and I cook a big meal, and we invite my grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins to celebrate together. It’s always a little chaotic, with everyone talking at once, but it’s so much fun. The best part is when we all sit down at the table and share what we’re thankful for. It’s a moment when we really connect as a family.

Another tradition we have is Sunday family movie night. Every Sunday evening, we make popcorn, order pizza, and watch a movie together. It doesn’t matter if we’ve had a tough week – Sunday nights are sacred in our house. It’s a way for us to relax, laugh, and forget about everything else. Sometimes we even pick a movie that’s been on our list for months!

Lastly, there’s my birthday tradition. Ever since I was little, my parents have taken me out for breakfast on my birthday. It’s a quiet, simple tradition, but it’s one I look forward to every year. We usually go to the same café near our house, and I order pancakes with whipped cream and strawberries. It feels special because it’s just me and my parents, and it’s a moment where we get to celebrate the year that passed and talk about what’s ahead.

These traditions may seem small to some people, but they’re a big deal for me. They help me feel connected to my family, and they remind me of what’s truly important: spending time with the people you love.

Useful Phrases and Expressions

To bring the family together – собирать семью вместе

To celebrate together – праздновать вместе

To share what we’re thankful for – делиться тем, за что мы благодарны

To sit down at the table – сесть за стол

To have a chaotic atmosphere – иметь хаотичную атмосферу

To connect as a family – соединяться как семья, устанавливать связь

To be sacred – быть священным, важным

To relax and forget about everything else – расслабиться и забыть обо всем остальном

To have a movie night – устроить вечер кино

To order pizza – заказать пиццу

To look forward to something – с нетерпением ждать чего-то

To be simple but special – быть простым, но особенным

To celebrate the year that passed – отмечать прошедший год

To talk about what’s ahead – говорить о том, что предстоит

To make memories – создавать воспоминания

To feel connected to someone – чувствовать связь с кем-то

To remind me of what’s truly important – напоминать о том, что на самом деле важно

To have a tradition – иметь традицию

To pick a movie – выбрать фильм

To go to the same café – ходить в одно и то же кафе

To order pancakes with whipped cream – заказывать блины со взбитыми сливками

To celebrate my birthday – праздновать мой день рождения

To get together – собраться вместе

To be a big deal – быть важным событием

To feel special – чувствовать себя особенным

Vocabulary Practice Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct phrases from the list.

Every year, my family __________ by celebrating Christmas together.

On my birthday, we __________ and go out for breakfast to celebrate.

Sunday evenings are __________ for our family, so we always watch a movie together.

We always __________ about what we’re thankful for during our Thanksgiving dinner.

Our family movie night is a way for us to __________ after a busy week.

I really __________ our pancake breakfast tradition because it’s something my parents and I do every year.

It’s nice to have a tradition that helps us __________ and remind us what matters most.

On my birthday, we always __________ at the same café, which has been our tradition for years.

The house was a little __________ on Thanksgiving because there were so many people.

Our traditions help me feel __________ to my family, even when life gets busy.

Exercise 2: Matching

Match the phrases with their correct translations.

To celebrate together

To look forward to something

To have a chaotic atmosphere

To relax and forget about everything else

To make memories

To feel connected to someone

a) создавать воспоминания

b) праздновать вместе

c) расслабиться и забыть обо всем остальном

d) с нетерпением ждать чего-то

e) иметь хаотичную атмосферу

f) чувствовать связь с кем-то

Exercise 3: Personal Questions

Answer the following questions based on your own experiences.

Does your family have any special traditions? What are they?

What’s your favorite family tradition and why?

How do you celebrate your birthday with your family?

Why do you think family traditions are important?

How do you usually spend holidays with your family?

Answer Key

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

get together

pick a movie

sacred

share what we’re thankful for

relax and forget about everything else

look forward to

connect with each other

go to the same café

chaotic

connected

Exercise 2: Matching

To celebrate together – b) праздновать вместе

To look forward to something – d) с нетерпением ждать чего-то

To have a chaotic atmosphere – e) иметь хаотичную атмосферу

To relax and forget about everything else – c) расслабиться и забыть обо всем остальном

To make memories – a) создавать воспоминания

To feel connected to someone – f) чувствовать связь с кем-то

Example Answers to Personal Questions:

Does your family have any special traditions? What are they?

Yes, every year we have a special Christmas dinner where we all cook together. We also have a tradition of visiting our grandparents on New Year’s Eve.

What’s your favorite family tradition and why?

My favorite tradition is our family movie night. It’s a time when we all sit down, relax, and enjoy each other’s company, no matter how busy we are during the week.

How do you celebrate your birthday with your family?

On my birthday, we go out for breakfast at my favorite café and then spend the day together. I love it because it’s quiet and personal, just with my parents.