ОГЭ-2026 по английскому. Лайфхаки, фейлы и 100% полезной инфы. Часть 2

Landmark treaties, like the Waitangi Tribunal (waɪ'tæŋi traɪ'bju:nəl), have returned sacred lands such as Mount Taranaki (tɑ:rɑ:'nɑ:ki) to Māori control. Eco-tourism projects led by iwi ('i:wi: tribes) showcase traditional weavingand wood carving, attracting global visitors.

Challenges persist: Māori youth face higher unemployment and health disparities. Dr. Rangi Matamua, an astrophysicist, blends ancestral astronomy with modern science: «Our ancestors navigated by stars like Matariki (mɑ:tɑ:'ri:ki). This knowledge isn’t outdated – it’s timeless.»

Ключевые ловушки:

Māori ('maʊri)

Haka ('hɑ:kə)

Waitangi (waɪ'tæŋi)

Iwi ('i:wi:)

Matariki (mɑ:tɑ:'ri:ki)

Текст 11

The history of space exploration is marked by milestones like Sputnik 1 (1957), the Apollo 11 mission (1969), and the ISS (International Space Station) launch in 1998. By 2025, private companies like SpaceX have reduced launch costs by 90%, enabling missions like Artemis III (2026), which aims to land humans on the Moon for the first time since 1972.

China’s Chang’e-6 (2024) collected 44 pounds of lunar soil, while NASA’s Perseverance rover (2021) found organic molecules on Mars. The James Webb Space Telescope (2021), costing $10 billion, captured images of galaxies 13.5 billion years old. Critics argue that $500 billion spent on space could solve Earth’s poverty, but proponents cite spin-off technologies like GPS and fire-resistant materials.

Ключевые ловушки:

Sputnik ('spʊtnɪk)

ISS (aɪ ɛs «ɛs)

Organic (ɔ:'ɡænɪk)

Текст 12

The Spanish Flu (1918—1920) killed 50 million people, while HIV/AIDS (first identified in 1981) has claimed 36 million lives. The COVID-19 pandemic (2019—2023) led to 6.9 million deaths and accelerated mRNA vaccine development. By 2025, 75% of countries have universal health coverage, up from 40% in 2015.

However, antibiotic resistance kills 1.27 million annually, projected to rise to 10 million by 2050. The WHO (World Health Organization) aims to vaccinate 90% of children against measles by 2030, but vaccine hesitancy persists. Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO director, warns: «We’re not ready for the next zoonotic spillover – 75% of new diseases come from animals.»

Ключевые ловушки:

Antibiotic (æntɪ'baɪɒtɪk)

Zoonotic (zu:'nɒtɪk)

Measles ('mi:zəlz)

Hesitancy ('hɛsɪtənsi)

Текст 13

Renewable energy now accounts for 37% of global electricity, up from 27% in 2015. Solar power costs dropped by 89% since 2010, while wind turbines generate 15% of Europe’s energy. Tesla’s Gigafactory in Nevada (2016) produces 1 million batteries annually.

Yet, fossil fuels still dominate: coal provides 30% of energy, with China burning 50% of the world’s coal. The Paris Agreement (2015) aims to limit warming to 1.5° C, requiring $4 trillion in annual green investments. EV sales reached 14 million in 2024, but lithium mining in Chile ('tʃɪli) causes water scarcity.

Ключевые ловушки:

Renewable (rɪ'nju:əbl)

Fossil ('fɒsəl)

Lithium ('lɪθiəm)

Scarcity ('skɛəsəti)

Текст 14

The Amazon River discharges 209,000 cubic meters of water per second – more than the next 7 largest rivers combined. It supports 40% of the world’s rainforests and 3,000 fish species, including the electric eel. However, deforestation has reduced its flow by 15% since 2000, and gold mining in Peru (pə'ru:) contaminates water with mercury ('mɜ:rkjʊri).

The Nile, stretching 6,650 km, provides water for 11 countries and 250 million people. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (2011) aims to generate 6,450 MW of electricity but threatens Egypt’s water supply. Meanwhile, the Yangtze ('jæŋtsi:) in China hosts the Three Gorges Dam (2003), the world’s largest power station, producing 22,500 MW – enough for 60 million homes.

Ключевые ловушки:

Mercury ('mɜ:rkjʊri)

Nile (naɪl)

Yangtze ('jæŋtsi:)

Deforestation (di: fɒr’steɪʃən)

Текст 15

Antarctica holds 90% of Earth’s ice and 70% of its freshwater. If melted, global sea levels would rise by 58 meters. The Arctic, warming 3 times faster than the rest of the planet, has lost 13% of its sea ice per decade since 1980.

In 2023, Russia extracted 45 million tons of oil from the Arctic shelf, while Norway discovered 4.2 billion barrels of oil in the Barents Sea ('bærənts si:). These activities threaten polar bears ('poʊlər bɛərz), whose population dropped by 30% since 1980. The Antarctic Treaty (1959) bans military activity and mining, but China and India plan research stations to study krill (krɪl) populations critical to the marine food chain.

Ключевые ловушки:

Antarctica (æn'tɑ:rktɪkə)

Arctic ('ɑ:rktɪk)

Barents Sea ('bærənts si:)

1.2 Ответы на вопросы

10 тем, которые встречаются чаще всего:

1. «О себе и семье»

Примеры вопросов:

Tell me about your family.

What does your mother do?

Секрет: Не перечисляйте всех родственников – хватит 2—3 предложений.

2. «Школа и учеба»

Примеры вопросов:

What’s your favorite subject? Why?

Do you like homework?

Фишка: Добавьте пример: «I love history because our teacher tells cool stories about knights!»

3. «Хобби и свободное время»

Примеры вопросов:

How do you spend your weekends?

What hobby would you like to try?

Лайфхак: Используйте «I’m into…», «I’m crazy about…».

4. «Путешествия»

Примеры вопросов:

Where would you like to go? Why?

What country is your dream to visit?

Совет: Ссылайтесь на культуру: «I want to see Japan because of cherry blossoms and anime!»

5. «Еда и здоровье»

Примеры вопросов:

What’s your favorite dish?

Is fast food good or bad?

Спасение: Шаблон: «I prefer homemade food because…».

6. «Технологии»

Примеры вопросов:

Can you live without a smartphone?

What invention is the most important?

Фишка: Сравните прошлое и настоящее: «Imagine, people used letters instead of messages!»

7. «Экология»

Примеры вопросов:

How can we save the planet?

Do you recycle?

Важно: Будьте проще: «I turn off lights to save energy» → лучше, чем сложные термины.

8. «Кино и музыка»

Примеры вопросов:

What’s your favorite film?

Why is music important?

Лайфхак: Опишите эмоции: «This movie made me laugh and cry at the same time!»

9. «Спорт»

Примеры вопросов:

Do you do any sports?

Should everyone exercise?

Совет: Даже если не любите спорт: «I prefer walking – it’s easy and healthy!»

10. «Планы на будущее»

Примеры вопросов: