ОГЭ-2026 по английскому. Лайфхаки, фейлы и 100% полезной инфы. Часть 2

Nunavut ('nʊnəvʊt)

Текст 8

The Amazon River, stretching 6,400 kilometers through Brazil (brə’zɪl), Peru, and Colombia (kə’lʌmbiə), sustains the world’s largest tropical rainforest. Its biodiversity (baɪoʊdaɪ’vɜ: rsəti) is unparalleled: one hectare houses over 400 tree species, 1,300 butterfly species, and 3,000 fish species, including the piranha (pɪ’rɑ: nə).

Deforestation for soy plantations and cattle ranching has reduced the rainforest by 20% since 2000. Illegal logging in Pará (pɑ:’rɑ:) and Rondônia (ron’doʊniə) releases 500 million tons of CO₂ annually. Indigenous tribes like the Yanomami (jɑ: nə’mɑ: mi) resist invaders, but face violence from land grabbers.

Hydropower dams, such as Belo Monte ('bɛloʊ 'mɒnteɪ), disrupt fish migration and sediment flow, threatening aquatic life. Dr. Ana Silva, an ecologist, warns: «The Amazon is nearing a tipping point – if 25% is destroyed, it could transform into a savanna.» Global initiatives like REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) fund conservation, but corruption hampers progress.

Ключевые ловушки:

Biodiversity (baɪoʊdaɪ’vɜ: rsəti)

Piranha (pɪ'rɑ:nə)

Hydropower (’haɪdrəʊpaʊər)

Sediment ('sɛdɪmənt)

Savanna (sə'vænə)

Текст 9

In Japan (dʒə'pæn), where aging farmers outnumber the youth, agribots ('æɡrɪbɒts) are revolutionizing agriculture. These AI-powered robots plant rice, pick strawberries, and even prune grapevines with millimeter precision. The Tomato Harvesting Robot in Shizuoka (ʃi:zu:'oʊkɑ:) uses computer vision to detect ripeness, reducing labor costs by 70%.

Vertical farms in Singapore grow leafy greens under LED lights, using 95% less water than traditional methods. However, critics highlight energy consumption and e-waste from discarded robots. Dr. Kenji Nakamura, a roboticist, argues: «Agribots can’t replace traditional knowledge. A machine can’t sense soil health like a seasoned farmer.»

In California, autonomous tractors map fields via GPS, optimizing fertilizer use. Yet, rural communities fear job losses. «We need upskilling programs, not just machines,» says Maria Gomez, a farmworkers’ union leader.

Ключевые ловушки:

Agribots ('æɡrɪbɒts)

Computer vision (kəm'pju:tər 'vɪʒən)

Fertilizer ('fɜ:rtəlaɪzər)

Upskilling (ʌp'skɪlɪŋ)

Autonomous (ɔ:'tɒnəməs)

Текст 10

The Māori ('maʊri), Indigenous people of New Zealand, are revitalizing their language and traditions after centuries of colonial suppression. Haka ('hɑ:kə), a ceremonial dance popularized by the All Blacks rugby team, is now taught in schools to preserve cultural identity.

Landmark treaties, like the Waitangi Tribunal (waɪ'tæŋi traɪ'bju:nəl), have returned sacred lands