Исторический словарь английских синонимов и антонимов. Том I. A – I.

Виктор Никитин

Исторический словарь английских синонимов и антонимов. Том I. A – I.

VOLUME I

A – I

KEY: Aback.

SYN: Backwards, rearwards, aft, abaft, astern, behind, back.

ANT: Onwards, forwards, ahead, before, afront, beyond, afore.

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KEY: Abandon.

SYN: Leave, forsake, desert, renounce, cease, relinquish, discontinue, castoff, resign, retire, quit, forego, forswear, depart from, vacate, surrender, abjure, repudiate.

ANT: Pursue, prosecute, undertake, seek, court, cherish, favor, protect, claim, maintain, defend, advocate, retain, support, uphold, occupy, haunt, hold, assert, vindicate, keep.

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KEY: Abandoned.

SYN: Profligate, wicked, vicious, unprincipled, reprobate, incorrigible, sinful, graceless, demoralized, dissolute, depraved, bad, licentious, corrupt.

ANT: Virtuous, conscientious, correct, upright, worthy, righteous, self-controlled, high-principled, steady, good.

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KEY: Abase.

SYN: Degrade, disgrace, bring low, reduce, humble, demean, stoop, humiliate, depress, lower, sink, dishonor.

ANT: Promote, exalt, honor, raise, elevate, dignify, aggrandize.

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KEY: Abasement.

SYN: Degradation, depression, disgrace, humiliation, abjection, dishonor, shame.

ANT: Promotion, elevation, honor, exaltation, dignity, aggrandizement.

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KEY: Abash.

SYN: Confound, confuse, discompose, bewilder, daunt, cow, humble, disconcert, dishearten, motility, shame, humiliate.

ANT: Countenance, cheer, uphold, encourage, rally, inspirit, animate, incite, embolden, abet, buoy.

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KEY: Abate.

SYN: Terminate, remove, suppress, lower, reduce, mitigate, diminish, moderate, lessen, subside, decrease.

ANT: Prolong, continue, revive, develop, increase, aggravate, magnify, brew, ferment, rage, extend, enlarge, amplify, raise, enhance.

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KEY: Abbreviate.

SYN: Shorten, reduce, abridge, contract, curtail, epitomize, condense, prune, compress.

ANT: Lengthen, prolong, extend, enlarge, produce, elongate, amplify, expand, dilate.

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KEY: Abbreviation.

SYN: Abridgment, reduction, contraction, curtailment, abstract, summary, epitome, condensation, compression.

ANT: Elongation, prolongation, extension, production, amplification, enlargement, expansion, dilation, expatiation, explication, dilution.

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KEY: Abderite.

SYN: Cynic, sardonic, derisive, sarcastic, jocular, flippant, nonchalant, sportive, sprightful, buoyant.

ANT: Lachrymose, plaintive, maundering, querimonious, plaintive, dolesome, lackadaisical, grumbling, croaking, lugubrious.

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KEY: Abdicate.

SYN: Abandon, relinquish, resign, surrender, vacate.

ANT: Retain, maintain, claim, occupy, assert, grasp, seize, usurp.

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KEY: Abdomen.

SYN: Belly, paunch.

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KEY: Abduction.

SYN: Abstraction, subtraction, deprivation, ablution, rape, seizure, appropriation.

ANT: Addition, adduction, replacement, restitution, restoration, surrender, reinstatement.

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KEY: Aberrant.

SYN: Erratic, devious, divergent, incontinuous, desultory, disconnected, wandering, idiotic, inconsistent, inconsecutive, abnormal, exceptional.

ANT: Continuous, rectilineal, true, consistent, uniform, consecutive, normal, natural, faithful, regular.

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KEY: Aberration.

SYN: Wandering, divergence, deviation, desultoriness, rambling, disconnectedness, hallucination, inconsecutiveness, idiocy, insanity, exception, abnormity.

ANT: Uniformity, consecutiveness, continuity, connectedness, principle, law, order, type, norm, project, line, tenor, progression, rectilinearity, regularity.

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KEY: Abet.

SYN: Aid, support, promote, countenance, uphold, assist, instigate, encourage, incite, advocate, sanction, subsidize, embolden.

ANT: Thwart, contradict, obstruct, oppose, baffle, confound, discourage, disapprove, disconcert, counteract, deter, dissuade, frustrate, impede, denounce, expose.

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KEY: Abettor.

SYN: Supporter, advocate, instigator, promoter, assistant, companion, accomplice, ally, encourager, associate, adviser, confederate, 'participes criminis', coadjutor, accessary, helper.

ANT: Opponent, counteracter, foe, adversary, detector, baffler, antagonist, disconcerter, dissuader, rival.

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KEY: Abeyance.

SYN: Suspension, reservation, dormancy, expectation, intermission.

ANT: Revival, renewal, operation, resuscitation, action, enjoyment, possession, exercise, force.

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KEY: Abhor.

SYN: Hate, abominate, detest, loathe, despise, dislike, eschew, nauseate.

ANT: Love, admire, enjoy, approve, affect, covet, relish, crave, desire.

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KEY: Abide.

SYN: Dwell, stay, inhabit, continue, rest, tarry, lodge, reside, live, wait, sojourn, remain, expect, endure, tolerate, anticipate, confront, await, bear, face, watch.

ANT: Deport, migrate, move, journey, proceed, resist, mislike, forefend, avoid, shun, reject, abandon, forfeit.

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KEY: Ability.

SYN: Power, cleverness, faculty, skill, capacity, talent, expertness, aptitude, dexterity, efficiency, competency, qualification.

ANT: Weakness, incapacity, imbecility, inability, unreadiness, maladroitness.

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KEY: Abject.

SYN: Degraded, outcast, miserable, vile, pitiable, worthless, despicable, groveling, fawning, squalid, base-minded, slavish, beggarly, servile, cringing, low, wretched, sordid.

ANT: Honorable, dignified, eminent, exalted, esteemed, worthy, venerable, noble, princely, illustrious, independent, self-assertive, self-reliant, vain, arrogant, insolent, haughty.

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KEY: Abjure.

SYN: Renounce, deny, apostatize, discard, recant, disclaim, disavow, repudiate, revoke, retract, disown.

ANT: Profess, assert, demand, vindicate, claim, cherish, advocate, retain, acknowledge, appropriate, hug.

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KEY: Able.

SYN: Strong, powerful, clever, skillful, talented, capable, fitted, efficient, effective, learned, gifted, masterly, telling, nervous, vigorous.

ANT: Weak, inefficient, unskillful, silly, stupid, incapable, ineffective, unqualified.

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KEY: Ablution.

SYN: Washing, purification, cleansing, abstersion, defecation.

ANT: Pollution, soilure, defilement, dirt, contamination, taint, stain.

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KEY: Abnegation.

SYN: Denial, disallowance, renunciation, abjuration, stint, abstinence.

ANT: Assertion, vindication, claim, indulgence, concession, license.

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KEY: Abnormal.

SYN: Irregular, erratic, peculiar, unusual, exceptional, monstrous, aberrant, devious, divergent, eccentric, strange.

ANT: Typical, normal, regular, ordinary, usual, natural, customary, illustrative.

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KEY: Aboard.

SYN: Afloat.

ANT: Ashore.

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KEY: Abode.

SYN: Home, stay, placate, residence, domicile, habitation, lodging, berth, quarters: with the idea of permanence.

ANT: Halt, perch, tent, bivouac, caravansary: with the idea of transience.

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KEY: Abolish.

SYN: Destroy, eradicate, invalidate, make void, obliterate, extirpate, abrogate, annul, subvert, cancel, revoke, quash, nullify, overthrow, annihilate, supersede, suppress, expunge.

ANT: Support, sustain, cherish, promote, continue, confirm, restore, repair, revive, reinstate, enact, institute, re-enact.

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KEY: Abominable.

SYN: Abhorrent, foul, accursed, detestable, hateful, horrible, loathsome, odious, offensive, execrable, nauseous, impure.

ANT: Delectable, desirable, admirable, enjoyable, lovable, charming, delightful, grateful, pure.

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KEY: Abominate.

SYN: Abhor, loathe, detest, execrate, hate.

ANT: Desire, like, long for, love.

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KEY: Abomination.

SYN: Loathing, detestation, hatred, abhorrence, plague, nuisance, evil, annoyance, infliction, curse.

ANT: Love, affection, desire, enjoyment, longing, acquisition, gratification, blessing, treat, delight, benefit.

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KEY: Aboriginal.

SYN: Primordial, primeval, pristine, autochthonic, immemorial, indigenous, native, original.

ANT: Subsequent, adventitious, imported, exotic, immigrant, recent, upstart, modern, late, novel, fresh.

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KEY: Abortion.

SYN: Failure, miscarriage, misadventure, downfall, mishap, misproduction, defect, frustration, blunder, mess.

ANT: Success, consummation, completion, achievement, realization, perfection, exploit, feat, development.

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KEY: Abound.

SYN: Stream, swell, flow, increase, overflow, superabound, luxuriate, teem, swarm, flourish, prevail, be plentiful, wanton, revel, multiply.

ANT: Fall, waste, dry, lack, wane, evaporate, drain, die, decay, vanish, lessen, decrease.

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KEY: About.

SYN: Almost, with respect to, near, nearly, touching, concerning, surrounding, relative to, relating to, in relation to, approximately, touching, roughly, generally.

ANT: Afar, away or afar from, precisely, exactly.

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KEY: Above-named.

SYN: Above-mentioned, above-described, above-cited, named above, aforesaid, mentioned above.

ANT: Named below, described below.

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KEY: Above.

SYN: Over, beyond, exceeding.

ANT: Below, within, beneath.

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KEY: Abreast.

SYN: Beside, alongside.

ANT: Ahead, astern.

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KEY: Abridge.

SYN: Abbreviate, diminish, shorten, lessen, curtail, restrict, contract, condense, epitomize, compress.

ANT: Amplify, expand, spread out.

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KEY: Abridgment.

SYN: Abstract, abbreviation, contraction, summary, synopsis, epitome, compendium, analysis, outline, digest.

ANT: Amplification, expatiation, expansion, disquisition, dilution, comment, annotation, exposition, paraphrase.

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KEY: Abroach.

SYN: Aflow, afloat, abroad, revealed.

ANT: Close, fast, tight, secret, reserved.

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KEY: Abroad.

SYN: Far, away, apart, dispersed, aloof, adrift, about, distracted, confused.

ANT: Near, close, housed, collected, fast.

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KEY: Abrogate.

SYN: Abolish, cancel, set aside, annul, repeal, expunge, rescind.

ANT: Enact, re-enact, confirm, enforce, continue, revive.

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KEY: Abrogation.

SYN: Abolition, repeal, discontinuance, disestablishment.

ANT: Institution, establishment, enactment, confirmation, continuance, sanction.

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KEY: Abrupt.

SYN: Sudden, steep, precipitous, craggy, coarse, curt, blunt, violent, harsh, unceremonious, rugged, rough.

ANT: Undulating, easy, gliding, polished, smooth, blending, courteous.

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KEY: Abscond.

SYN: Decamp, bolt, depart, disappear, steal away, run off, hide, withdraw, retreat.

ANT: Show, emerge, appear.

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KEY: Absence.

SYN: Want, departure, Inattention, nonexistence, failure, separation, lack, nonappearance, distraction.

ANT: Presence, supply, appearance, existence, manifestation, evidence, attention, immanence, inherency, consideration.

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KEY: Absent \a.\

SYN: Not present, gone away, elsewhere, inattentive, thoughtless, listless, preoccupied.

ANT: Present, in this place, here, attentive.

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KEY: Absent.

SYN: Keep away, depart, withdraw.

ANT: Be present, stay, remain, [See ABSCOND].

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KEY: Absolute.

SYN: Perfect, complete, unconditional, irrelative, irrespective, supreme, despotic, autocratic, certain, authoritative, unqualified, unequivocal, irresponsible, arbitrary.

ANT: Imperfect, incomplete, conditional, conditioned, contingent, relative, dependent, constitutional, dubious, accountable, responsible.

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KEY: Absolve.

SYN: Acquit, release, exonerate, liberate, exempt, discharge, exculpate, pardon, forgive, free, clear.

ANT: Charge, accuse, compel, bind, obligate, convict, condemn, inculpate, impeach, oblige.

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KEY: Absonant.

SYN: Dissonant, discordant, contrariant, repugnant, inconsonant, inharmonious, incompatible, inappropriate, impertinent.

ANT: Consonant, agreeable, consistent, harmonious, compatible, appropriate, pertinent, congruous, suitable, proper.

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KEY: Absorb.

SYN: Swallow, drown, consume, imbibe, engross, drink in, suck up, engulf, monopolize, exhaust.

ANT: Eject, emit, exude, disgorge, dissipate, distract, distil, disperse.

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KEY: Abstain.

SYN: Refrain, forbear, refuse, demur, avoid, cease, stop, keep back, desist, discontinue, withhold, scruple.

ANT: Indulge, exceed, reveal, wanton.

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KEY: Abstemious.

SYN: Abstinent, moderate, self-denying, sober, temperate, sparing, frugal.

ANT: Sensual, self-indulgent, gluttonous, greedy, intemperate.

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KEY: Absterge.

SYN: Wipe, cleanse, purify, sponge, scour, scrub.

ANT: Foul, bespatter, contaminate, bedaub, soil, pollute, begrime.

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KEY: Abstersive.

SYN: Scouring, purifying, detergent, cathartic.

ANT: Contaminative, offensive, corruptive.

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KEY: Abstinent.

SYN: Temperate, abstemious, continent, sober, self-denying, austere.

ANT: Self-indulgent, sensual, intemperate, epicurean, dissipated, incontinent, debauched.

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KEY: Abstract \v.\

SYN: Separate, detach, part, eliminate, draw away, remove, take away, appropriate, purloin, steal, thieve, draw from.

ANT: Add, unite, conjoin, adduce, impose, restore, surrender, return, Abstract \n.\ [See ABRIDGMENT].

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KEY: Abstraction.

SYN: Separation, parloining, removal, appropriation, generalization, classification, reverie, absorption, inattention, absence.

ANT: Addition, conjunction, union, adduction, importation, restoration, restitution, individualization, enumeration, analysis, specification, observation, attention, Abstracted, [See ABSTRACT and ABSTRACTION].

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KEY: Abstruse.

SYN: Hidden, recondite, difficult, profound, deep, curious, obscure, mystical, occult, hard, dark.

ANT: Patent, popular, superficial, simple, obvious, trite, intelligible, lucid, plain, easy, manifest, clear.

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KEY: Absurd.

SYN: Irrational, ridiculous, monstrous, senseless, asinine, stupid, chimerical, unreasonable, preposterous, silly, nonsensical, foolish.

ANT: Sensible, rational, reasonable, consistent, sound, substantial, logical, wise, sagacious, reflective, philosophical.

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KEY: Abundance.

SYN: Plenty, largeness, copiousness, sufficiency, plentitude, exuberance, ampleness, profusion, luxuriance, wealth.

ANT: Rarity, scarcity, paucity, deficiency, scantiness, dearth, failure, poverty.

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KEY: Abundant.

SYN: Plentiful, copious, plenteous, large, ample, overflowing, teeming, full, lavish, luxuriant, bountiful, abounding, profuse, liberal, rich.

ANT: Rare, scarce, scant, deficient, short, insufficient, niggardly, sparing, dry, drained, exhausted, impoverished.

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KEY: Abuse \v.\

SYN: Injure, damage, spoil, maltreat, treat-all, ill-use, ill-treat, retile, scandalize, disparage, reproach, upbraid, asperse, malign, slander, vituperate, prostitute, defame, pervert, misuse, misemploy, vilify.

ANT: Tend, protect, conserve, consider, regard, shield, cherish, praise, extol, laud, vindicate, panegyrize, respect.

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KEY: Abuse \n.\

SYN: Mistreatment, invective, ill-treatment, opprobrium, scurrility, vituperation, ribaldry, obloquy, reproach, insolence, misusage, ill-usage.

ANT: Good-usage, good-treatment, kindness, praise, deference, respect.

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KEY: Abusive.

SYN: Insulting, insolent, offensive, opprobrious, reproachful, vituperative, rude, denunciatory, scurrilous.

ANT: Respectful, kind, panegyrical, laudatory, attentive.

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KEY: Abut.

SYN: Extend, project, impinge, approximate.

ANT: Recurve, retreat, diverge, return, recede.

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KEY: Abyss.

SYN: Gulf, profound, gorge, deep, pit, chasm, depth.

ANT: Surface, cavity, depression, indentation.

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KEY: Academical.

SYN: Collegiate, classical, learned.

ANT: Illiterate, uncollegiate.

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KEY: Academy.

SYN: School, seminary, college, university, educational, establishment, institute.

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KEY: Accede.

SYN: Assent, consent, acquiesce, comply with, accept, concur, approve, coincide.

ANT: Dissent, decline, withdraw, refuse, protest, demur.

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KEY: Accelerate.

SYN: Hasten, urge, expedite, quicken, speed, urge on, press forward, hurry, promote, dispatch, facilitate.

ANT: Delay, obstruct, impede, clog, retard, hinder, shackle, drag.

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KEY: Accent.

SYN: Stress, rhythm, pulsation, beat, emphasis.

ANT: Smoothness, inaccentuation, monotony, equableness, babble, flow.

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KEY: Accept.

SYN: Welcome, hail, admit, recognize, avow, acknowledge, take, accede to, receive, assent to.

ANT: Refuse, decline, reject, disown, disavow, ignore, repudiate.

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KEY: Acceptable.

SYN: Grateful, pleasant, welcome, agreeable, pleasure, seasonable, gratifying.

ANT: Ungrateful, unwelcome, disagreeable, unpleasant.

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KEY: Acceptation.

SYN: Meaning, significant, signification.

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KEY: Access.

SYN: Approach, admit, course entrance, avenue, admittance, mod way, passage, road.

ANT: Exit, egress, departure, exclusion, repulse.

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KEY: Accessible.

SYN: Affable, approachable, easy, conversible.

ANT: Distant, cold, difficult, unapproachable.

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KEY: Accession.

SYN: Arrival, addition, increase, influx, augmentation, reinforcement, enlargement, extension.

ANT: Departure, abandonment, resignation, retirement, diminution, decrease, efflux, ebb, drain, subsidence.

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KEY: Accessary, [See ACCESSORY].

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KEY: Accessory \a.\

SYN: Assistant, additive, additional, auxiliary, supplementary, conducive.

ANT: Essential, inherent, immanent, incorporate, superfluous, irrelevant, malapropos, obstructive, cumbersome.

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KEY: Accessory \n.\

SYN: Accomplice, associate, abettor, ally, colleague, confederate, helper.

ANT: Foe, antagonist, adversary, rival.

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KEY: Accident.

SYN: Chance, fortuity, disaster, incident, adventure, casualty, hazard, contingency, calamity, misadventure, mishap.

ANT: Law, purpose, appointment, ordainment, provision, preparation.

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KEY: Acclamation.

SYN: Applause, homage, gratulation, salutation, joy, commendation, plaudit, hosannas, cheer, shouting, exultation, triumph, approval.

ANT: Obloquy, censure, execration, contumely, outcry, sibilation, denunciation.

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KEY: Acclivity.

SYN: Ascent, rise, incline.

ANT: Declivity, descent.

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KEY: Accommodate.

SYN: Convenience, oblige, adapt, supply, reconcile, suit, fit, adjust, furnish, serve, harmonize.

ANT: Inconvenience, disoblige, disturb, misfit, incommode, deprive, aggravate.

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KEY: Accommodating.

SYN: Kind, unselfish, obliging, polite, yielding, conciliatory.

ANT: Disobliging, selfish, churlish, rude, imperious, dictatorial, exacting, inconsiderate, unaccommodating.

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KEY: Accompany.

SYN: Follow, consort, attend, join, coexist, escort, convoy.

ANT: Desert, abandon, leave, avoid, eschew, quit, discard.

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KEY: Accomplish.

SYN: Execute, perfect, perform, fulfil, [See DO], carry out, attain, realize, consummate, achieve, finish, complete.

ANT: Fail of, frustrate, defeat, disconcert, destroy, baffle, mar, spoil.

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KEY: Accomplice.

SYN: Abettor, confederate, accessory, ally, associate, partner, colleague, coadjutor, assistant, 'particips criminit'.

ANT: Rival, foe, adversary, antagonist.

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KEY: Accord.

SYN: Agree, consent, harmonize, tally, answer, comport, consist, conform, grant, concede, surrender, allow.

ANT: Disagree, differ, misfit, miscomport, misconform, withhold, deny, refuse.

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KEY: Accordingly.

SYN: Agreeably, suitably, conformably, hence, consequently.

ANT: [See AGREEABLY].

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KEY: Accordant.

SYN: Compatible, consonant, harmonious, consistent, consenting, acquiescent.

ANT: [See COMPATIBLE].

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KEY: Accost.

SYN: Address, salute, invoke, hail, greet, stop, apostrophize, speak to, call to.

ANT: Shun, avoid, elude, pass, ignore.

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KEY: Account \n.\

SYN: Narration, report, rehearsal, story, statement, narrative, recital, relation, description, motive, value, importance, advantage, ground, reason, profit.

ANT: Silence, suppression, project, misannouncement, of no account, attempt, without value, deed, project.

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KEY: Account \v.\

SYN: Deem, esteem, consider, regard, hold, judge, rate, estimate, value, reckon, explain, solve.

ANT: Disesteem, misestimate, mystify, understate, undervalue, perplex, darken.

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KEY: Accountable.

SYN: Responsible, liable, amenable, punishable, answerable, accredited, delegated, subordinate.

ANT: Autocratic, Independent, irresponsible, absolute, supreme, despotic.

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KEY: Accoutre.

SYN: Adorn, fit out, equip, furnish, dress, furnish with arms.

ANT: [See ADORN].

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KEY: Accredit.

SYN: Believe, trust, entrust, delegate, depute, commission, authorize.

ANT: Disbelieve, distrust, suspect, recall, supersede, discard, dismiss.

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KEY: Accredited.

SYN: Authorized, commissioned, acknowledged, confidential, trusted.

ANT: Unauthorized, unacknowledged, distrusted.

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KEY: Accumulate.

SYN: Collect, gamer, grow, mass, heap, store, bring together, hoard, gather, agglomerate, husband, augment, amass, increase.

ANT: Dissipate, disperse, diminish, scatter, expend, waste.

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KEY: Accumulation.

SYN: Heap, collection, store, mass, aggregation, hoard, pile.

ANT: Segregation, separation, unit, individual.

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KEY: Accuracy.

SYN: Exactness, correctness, strictness, precision, exactitude, nicety, fidelity.

ANT: Inexactness, looseness, slovenliness, incorrectness.

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KEY: Accurate.

SYN: Careful, exact, faithful, precise, correct, close, truthful, strict, just, actual, nice.

ANT: Careless, inexact, faulty, incorrect, inaccurate, loose, defective.

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KEY: Accusation.

SYN: Charge, indictment, imputation, impeachment, arraignment.

ANT: Acquittal, absolution, vindication, discharge.

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KEY: Accuse.

SYN: Charge, incriminate, impeach, arraign, tax, taunt, censure, cite, summon, criminate.

ANT: Defend, vindicate, discharge, acquit, absolve, condone, pardon, exonerate, release.

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KEY: Accustom.

SYN: Habituate, familiarize, form, inure, train, reconcile.

ANT: Disaccustom, dishabituate, estrange, wean, alienate.

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KEY: Ace.

SYN: Unit, atom, point, title, jot, item.

ANT: Numbers, quantity, bulk, gum, mass, collection, aggregate, total.

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KEY: Acerbity.

SYN: Harshness, acridity, tartness, acidity, bitterness, acrimony, crabbedness, moroseness, sourness, roughness.

ANT: Sweetness, mildness, softness, mellowness, gentleness, amiableness.

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KEY: Ache \n.\

SYN: Pain, suffering, smart, anguish, pang.

ANT: [See PAIN].

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KEY: Achieve.

SYN: Accomplish, [See DO], gain, perform, execute, effect, fulfil, finish, attain, win.

ANT: [See DO].

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KEY: Achievement.

SYN: Exploit, feat, attainment, accomplishment, performance.

ANT: [See ATTAIN and ATTAINMENT].

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KEY: Articular.

SYN: Spinous, sagittate, prickly, thorny, sharp-pointed, hastate, bristly.

ANT: Obtuse, blunt, abrupt.

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KEY: Acid.

SYN: Sharp, acidulous, acetous, vinegarish.

ANT: Mellow, luscious, mealy, rich.

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KEY: Acknowledge.

SYN: Avow, admit, recognize, own, accept, profess, endorse, grant, concede, concern.

ANT: Disavow, disclaim, disown, repudiate, ignore, deny.

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KEY: Acknowledged.

SYN: Agreed, settled, understood, decided, customary.

ANT: Not agreed, undecided, unsettled, not customary.

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KEY: Acme.

SYN: Summit, zenith, climax, apex, pitch, culmination, meridian.

ANT: Base, floor, ground, foundation, nadir, depth, depression, foot, root.

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