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Collins Primary Illustrated Dictionary
NOUN knives, forks and spoons
cycle cycles, cycling, cycled
NOUN 1 a bicycle
2 a series of events that is repeated again and again • the cycle of the seasons
VERB 3 When you cycle, you ride a bicycle.
cyclist NOUN
cyclone cyclones
NOUN a violent wind that blows in a spiral like a corkscrew
cygnet cygnets
NOUN a young swan
cylinder cylinders
NOUN 1 a hollow or solid shape with straight sides and equal circular faces
See prism
2 the part of an engine that the piston moves in
cylindrical ADJECTIVE
cymbal cymbals
NOUN a circular brass plate used as a percussion instrument. Cymbals are clashed together or hit with a stick.
See percussion
Dd
dabble dabbles, dabbling, dabbled
VERB If you dabble in something, you work or play at it without being seriously involved in it.
dad or daddy dads or daddies
NOUN INFORMAL Your dad or your daddy is your father.
daffodil daffodils
NOUN a plant with yellow, trumpet-shaped flowers that blooms in spring
daft dafter, daftest
ADJECTIVE silly and not very sensible
dagger daggers
NOUN a weapon like a short knife
daily
ADJECTIVE occurring every day
dainty daintier, daintiest
ADJECTIVE very delicate and pretty
dairy dairies
NOUN 1 a shop or company that supplies milk and milk products
2 In New Zealand, a dairy is a small shop selling groceries.
ADJECTIVE 3 Dairy products are foods made from milk, such as butter, cheese, cream and yogurt.
daisy daisies
NOUN a small, wild flower with a yellow centre and small, white petals
[from Old English deagesege meaning day’s eye, because the daisy opens in the daytime and closes at night]
Dalmatian Dalmatians
NOUN a large, smooth-haired white dog with black or brown spots
dam dams
NOUN a barrier built across a river to hold back water
damage damages, damaging, damaged
VERB If you damage something, you harm or spoil it.
damp damper, dampest
ADJECTIVE slightly wet
dampness NOUN
damson damsons
NOUN 1 a small, blue-black plum
2 the tree that damsons grow on
dance dances, dancing, danced
VERB 1 When you dance, you move around in time to music.
NOUN 2 a series of rhythmic movements that you do in time to music
3 a social event where people dance with each other
dandelion dandelions
NOUN a wild plant with yellow flowers that form a ball of fluffy seeds
[from Old French dent de lion meaning lion’s tooth, referring to the shape of the leaves]
dandruff
NOUN small, loose scales of dead skin in someone’s hair
danger dangers
NOUN the possibility that someone may be harmed or killed
SYNONYMS: peril, risk
dangerous
ADJECTIVE If something is dangerous, it is likely to cause hurt or harm. • It is dangerous to walk close to the edge of the cliff.
SYNONYMS: unsafe, hazardous
dangerously ADVERB
dangle dangles, dangling, dangled
VERB When something dangles, or when you dangle it, it swings or hangs loosely. • We sat by the pool and dangled our legs in the water.
dappled
ADJECTIVE marked with patches of a different or darker shade • The lawn was dappled with the shadows of the leafy trees.
dare dares, daring, dared
VERB 1 If you dare to do something, you have the courage to do it.
2 If you dare someone to do something, you challenge them to do it. • I dare you to ask him his name.
[from Old English durran meaning to venture or to be bold]
daredevil daredevils
NOUN a person who enjoys doing dangerous things
daring
ADJECTIVE 1 bold and willing to take risks
NOUN 2 the courage required to do things that are dangerous
daringly ADVERB
dark darker, darkest
ADJECTIVE 1 If it is dark, there is not enough light to see properly.
2 Dark colours have a lot of black, grey or brown tones in them.
dark NOUN
darken darkens, darkening, darkened
VERB If something darkens, it becomes darker than it was before. • The sky darkened as the storm approached.
darkness
NOUN being dark
darling darlings
NOUN You call someone darling if you love them or like them very much.
darn darns, darning, darned
VERB 1 When you darn a hole in a garment, you mend it with crossing stitches.
NOUN 2 A darn is the part of a garment that has been darned.
dart darts, darting, darted
NOUN 1 a small, pointed arrow
2 Darts is a game in which the players throw darts at a round board divided into numbered sections.
VERB 3 If you dart somewhere, you move there quickly and suddenly.
dash dashes, dashing, dashed
VERB 1 If you dash somewhere, you rush there.
NOUN 2 the punctuation mark (–) which may be used instead of brackets
dashboard dashboards
NOUN the instrument panel in a car
data
NOUN information, usually in the form of facts or statistics
database databases
NOUN a collection of information stored in a computer
date dates
NOUN 1 a particular day or year that can be named • What is your date of birth?
2 If you have a date, you have an appointment to meet someone.
3 a small, brown, sticky fruit with a stone inside. Dates grow on palm trees.
daughter daughters
NOUN Someone’s daughter is their female child.
dawdle dawdles, dawdling, dawdled
VERB If you dawdle, you are slow about doing something or going somewhere. • Don’t dawdle, we have to be there in ten minutes.
dawn dawns
NOUN the time in the morning when light first appears in the sky
day days
NOUN 1 the time taken between one midnight and the next. There are 24 hours in one day.
2 the period of light between sunrise and sunset
daydream daydreams, daydreaming, daydreamed
NOUN 1 pleasant thoughts about things that you would like to happen
VERB 2 When you daydream, you drift off into a daydream.
daylight
NOUN the part of the day when it is light
daytime
NOUN the part of the day when it is light
daze
PHRASE If you are in a daze, you are confused and bewildered.
dazzle dazzles, dazzling, dazzled
VERB If a bright light dazzles you, it blinds you for a moment.
dazzling ADJECTIVE
de-
PREFIX added to some words to mean removal or reversal of something • She debugged the computer program. • We had to defrost the windscreen before leaving.
dead
ADJECTIVE 1 no longer living
2 no longer functioning • The phone went dead.
ADVERB 3 precisely or exactly • We arrived dead on eight o’clock.
deadly deadlier, deadliest
ADJECTIVE 1 likely or able to cause death • a deadly disease
ADVERB OR ADJECTIVE 2 used to emphasize how serious or unpleasant something is • deadly dangerous • deadly serious
deaf deafer, deafest
ADJECTIVE Deaf people are unable to hear anything or unable to hear well.
deafening
ADJECTIVE A deafening sound is so loud that you cannot hear anything else.
deal deals, dealing, dealt
NOUN 1 an agreement or arrangement, especially in business
VERB 2 If you deal with something, you do what is necessary to sort it out.
3 When you deal cards, you give them out to the players.
PHRASE 4 A good deal or a great deal of something is a lot of it.
dear dearer, dearest
NOUN 1 You call someone dear as a sign of affection.
ADJECTIVE 2 Something that is dear is very expensive.
3 You use dear at the beginning of a letter, with the name of the person you are writing to. • Dear Sunita.
death deaths
NOUN the end of the life of a human being or other animal or plant
debate debates, debating, debated
NOUN 1 argument or discussion
2 a formal discussion in which opposing views are expressed
VERB 3 When people debate something, they discuss it in a formal way.
debit card debit cards
NOUN a plastic card that allows someone to buy goods using the money in their bank account
debris
NOUN fragments or rubble left after something has been destroyed • After the eruption, volcanic debris was found scattered for miles.
debt debts
NOUN a sum of money that someone owes
debut debuts
NOUN a performer’s first public appearance
decade decades
NOUN a period of ten years
decaffeinated
ADJECTIVE Decaffeinated coffee or tea has had most of the caffeine removed.
decathlon decathlons
NOUN an athletic competition in which competitors take part in ten different events
decay decays, decaying, decayed
VERB When things decay, they rot or go bad.
deceased
ADJECTIVE FORMAL A deceased person is someone who has recently died.
deceit
NOUN behaviour that makes people believe something to be true that is not true
deceive deceives, deceiving, deceived
VERB If you deceive someone, you make them believe something that is not true.
December
NOUN the twelfth month of the year. December has 31 days.
decent
ADJECTIVE honest and respectable
deception deceptions
NOUN 1 something that is intended to trick or deceive someone
2 the act of deceiving someone
deceptive
ADJECTIVE likely to make people believe that something is true when it is not
decide decides, deciding, decided
VERB If you decide to do something, you choose to do it, usually after thinking about it carefully.
SYNONYM: make up one’s mind
decision NOUN
deciduous
ADJECTIVE Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the autumn every year.
decimal decimals
ADJECTIVE 1 A decimal system involves counting in units of ten.
NOUN 2 A decimal, or decimal fraction, is a fraction in which a dot, called a decimal point, separates the whole numbers on the left from tenths, hundredths and thousandths on the right. For example, 0.5 represents 5⁄10 (or ½); 0.05 represents 5⁄100 (or 1⁄20).
decision decisions
NOUN a choice or judgement that is made about something
decisive
ADJECTIVE 1 A decisive person is able to make decisions quickly.
2 having an important influence on the result of something • The first goal was a decisive moment in the match.
deck decks
NOUN a downstairs or upstairs area on a bus or ship
declare declares, declaring, declared
VERB 1 If you declare something, you say it firmly and forcefully.
SYNONYMS: announce, proclaim, state
2 FORMAL If something is declared, it is announced publicly. • War was declared in 1939.
decline declines, declining, declipned
VERB 1 If something declines, it becomes smaller or weaker. • The number of students has declined this year.
2 If you decline something, you politely refuse to accept it or do it.
decode decodes, decoding, decoded
VERB If you decode a coded message, you convert it into ordinary language.
decompose decomposes, decomposing, decomposed
VERB If something decomposes, it rots after it dies.
decorate decorates, decorating, decorated
VERB 1 If you decorate something, you make it more attractive by adding things to it.
2 If you decorate a room or building, you paint or wallpaper it.
decoy decoys
NOUN something used to lead a person or animal into a trap
decrease decreases, decreasing, decreased
VERB If something decreases, or if you decrease it, it becomes less. • The number of children in the class decreased rapidly.
decree decrees, decreeing, decreed
NOUN 1 an official order by the government, church or the rulers of a country
VERB 2 If someone decrees something, they announce formally that it will happen.
dedicate dedicates, dedicating, dedicated
VERB 1 If you dedicate yourself to something, you give your time and energy to it.
2 If you dedicate a book or piece of music to someone, you say that it is written for them.
deduct deducts, deducting, deducted
VERB If you deduct an amount from a total, you take it away.
deed deeds
NOUN 1 something that is done • a good deed
2 an important piece of paper or document that an agreement is written on
deep deeper, deepest
ADJECTIVE 1 going a long way down from the surface • a deep hole
2 great or intense • deep affection
3 a low sound • a deep voice
deer
NOUN a large, fast-running, graceful mammal with hooves, that lives wild in parts of Britain and other countries. Male deer have antlers.
deface defaces, defacing, defaced
VERB If you deface something, you damage its appearance in some way. • The gang defaced the walls with spray paint.
defeat defeats, defeating, defeated
VERB 1 If you defeat someone or something, you win a victory over them, or cause them to fail.
NOUN 2 the state of being beaten or of failing • The team was downhearted after its defeat.
defect defects, defecting, defected
NOUN 1 a fault or flaw in something
VERB 2 If someone defects, they leave their own country or organization and join an opposing one.
defection NOUN defector NOUN
defective
ADJECTIVE Something that is defective is not perfect or has something wrong with it.
defence defences
NOUN 1 something that protects you against attack • She carried an alarm as a defence against muggers.
2 A country’s defences are its armed forces and its weapons.
defend defends, defending, defended
VERB 1 If you defend someone or something, you protect them from harm or danger.
2 If you defend a person or their ideas, you argue in support of them.
defendant defendants
NOUN a person in a court of law who is accused of a crime
defer defers, deferring, deferred
VERB If you defer something, you put off doing it until later.
defiant
ADJECTIVE If you are defiant, you behave in a way that shows you are not willing to obey someone.
defiance NOUN defiantly ADVERB
deficient
ADJECTIVE lacking in something
deficiency NOUN
define defines, defining, defined
VERB If you define something, you say what it is or what it means.
definite
ADJECTIVE 1 clear and unlikely to be changed • We must arrange a definite date for the party.
2 true rather than being someone’s guess or opinion
definitely
ADVERB OR EXCLAMATION certainly; without doubt • I am definitely going on holiday next week.
definition definitions
NOUN a statement explaining the meaning of a word or an idea
deflate deflates, deflating, deflated
VERB If you deflate something, such as a tyre or balloon, you let all the air or gas out of it.
ANTONYMS: inflate, blow up
deforestation
NOUN the cutting down or the destruction of all the trees in an area
deformed
ADJECTIVE disfigured or abnormally shaped
defrost defrosts, defrosting, defrosted
VERB 1 If you defrost frozen food, you let it thaw out.
2 If you defrost a freezer or refrigerator, you remove the ice from it.
defuse defuses, defusing, defused
VERB 1 If someone defuses a bomb, they remove its fuse or detonator so that it cannot explode.
2 If you defuse a dangerous or tense situation, you make it less dangerous or tense.
defy defies, defying, defied
VERB If you defy a person or a law, you openly refuse to obey.
degree degrees
NOUN 1 a unit of measurement for temperatures, angles, and longitude and latitude, written as ° after a number • The temperature was 20 °C. • A right angle is a ninety-degree angle.
2 an amount of a feeling or quality • As captain you have a high degree of responsibility.
3 a university qualification gained after completing a course of study there
dehydrated
ADJECTIVE If someone is dehydrated, they are weak or ill because they have lost too much water from their body.
deity deities
NOUN a god or goddess
dejected
ADJECTIVE If you are dejected, you are sad and gloomy.
dejection NOUN
delay delays, delaying, delayed
VERB 1 If you delay doing something, you put it off until later.
SYNONYM: postpone
2 If something delays you, it makes you late or slows you down.
NOUN 3 If there is a delay, something does not happen until later than planned or expected.
delete deletes, deleting, deleted
VERB If you delete something written, you cross it out or remove it.
deliberate
ADJECTIVE 1 done on purpose or planned in advance
2 slow and careful in speech and action • deliberate movements
deliberately ADVERB
delicate
ADJECTIVE 1 light and attractive • a delicate perfume
2 fragile and needing to be handled carefully • a delicate china cup
3 precise or sensitive • delicate instruments
delicately ADVERB
delicatessen delicatessens
NOUN a shop selling unusual or imported foods
delicious
ADJECTIVE Delicious food or drink has an extremely pleasant taste.
SYNONYMS: delectable, scrumptious
delight delights, delighting, delighted
NOUN 1 great pleasure or joy
VERB 2 If something delights you, or if you are delighted by it, it gives you a lot of pleasure.
delighted ADJECTIVE
delinquent delinquents
NOUN a young person who commits minor crimes
delinquency NOUN
delirious
ADJECTIVE 1 unable to speak or act in a rational way because of illness or fever
2 wildly excited and happy
deliriously ADVERB
deliver delivers, delivering, delivered
VERB 1 If you deliver something to someone, you take it and give it to them.
2 If someone delivers a baby, they help the woman who is giving birth.
delta deltas
NOUN a triangular piece of land at the mouth of a river where it divides into separate streams
deluge deluges
NOUN a sudden, heavy downpour of rain
demand demands, demanding, demanded
VERB 1 If you demand something, you ask for it forcefully.
NOUN 2 If there is demand for something, a lot of people want to buy it or have it.
democracy democracies
NOUN a system of government in which the people choose their leaders by voting for them in elections
democratic ADJECTIVE
demolish demolishes, demolishing, demolished
VERB If someone demolishes a building, they knock it down.
demolition NOUN
demon demons
NOUN a devil or an evil spirit
demonstrate demonstrates, demonstrating, demonstrated
VERB 1 If you demonstrate something to somebody, you show them how to do it or how it works.
2 If people demonstrate, they march or gather together to show that they oppose or support something.
demonstration demonstrations
NOUN 1 If someone gives a demonstration, they show how to do something or how something works.
2 a march or a gathering of people to show publicly what they think about something
den dens
NOUN 1 a home or hiding place of a wild animal
2 a special place where you can do what you want without being disturbed
denial denials
NOUN 1 A denial of something is a statement that it is untrue.
2 The denial of a request is the refusal to grant it.
denim denims
NOUN strong, cotton cloth used for making clothes, especially jeans
[from French serge de Nîmes, meaning serge (a type of cloth) from Nîmes]
denominator denominators
NOUN In mathematics, the denominator is the bottom number of a fraction.
dense denser, densest
ADJECTIVE 1 Something that is dense contains a lot of things or people in a small area. • We cut our way through the dense forest.
2 difficult to see through • The dense fog prevented us from enjoying the view over the hills.
densely ADVERB
density densities
NOUN 1 thickness
2 the proportion of mass to volume
dent dents, denting, dented
VERB 1 If you dent something, you damage its surface by hitting it.
NOUN 2 a hollow in the surface of something
dental
ADJECTIVE to do with teeth
dentist dentists
NOUN a person who is qualified to treat people’s teeth
dentures
PLURAL NOUN false teeth
deny denies, denying, denied
VERB 1 If you deny something, you say that it is not true.
2 If you are denied something, you are refused it.
deodorant deodorants
NOUN a substance used to hide or prevent the smell of sweat on your body
depart departs, departing, departed
VERB When you depart, you leave.
departure NOUN
department departments
NOUN one of the sections into which a large shop or an organization is divided
department store department stores
NOUN a very large shop divided into departments, each selling different types of goods
depend depends, depending, depended
VERB 1 If one thing depends on another, it is influenced by it. • The cooking time depends on the size of the potato.
2 If you depend on someone or something, you trust them and rely on them.
dependable
ADJECTIVE If someone is dependable, you can trust them to be helpful, sensible and reliable.
depict depicts, depicting, depicted
VERB If you depict someone or something, you paint, draw or describe them.
deport deports, deporting, deported
VERB If someone is deported from a country they are sent out of it, either because they have no right to be there, because they have done something wrong or because they did not ask permission to be there.
deposit deposits, depositing, deposited
VERB 1 If you deposit something, you put it down or leave it somewhere.
NOUN 2 a sum of money given in part payment for goods or services
depot depots
NOUN 1 a place where supplies of food or equipment are stored until they are needed
2 A bus depot is a bus station.
depressed
ADJECTIVE sad and gloomy
depression depressions
NOUN 1 a state of mind in which someone feels unhappy and has no energy or enthusiasm for anything
