Правовые основы биоэкономики и биобезопасности

Balashov Alexander Evgenievich, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), Head of the Legal Department of the Federal Service for Supervision in Education – § 1.7 of Chapter 1 (co-authored with A. A. Mokhov, N. S. Posulikhina);

Balitsky Alexei Vitalievich, student of the international law faculty of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia (MGIMO Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs) – § 4.9 of Chapter 4 (co-authored with V. A. Shestak);

Belyakov Vladimir Ivanovich, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Human and Animal Physiology of the Samara National Research University named after Academician S. P. Korolev (Samara University) – § 2.8 of Chapter 2 (co-authored with Ruzanova V. D.);

Barchukov Valery Gavrilovich, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Radiation Protection of Personnel of the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation – Federal Medical Biophysical Center named after A. I. Burnazyan FMBA of Russia – § 2.2 of Chapter 2;

Belaya Olesya Valeryevna, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the Baltic Federal University named after I. Kant, Director of the Center for Legal Research of High Technologies – § 4.4 of Chapter 4 (co-authored with Serova OA);

Belyaeva Olga Vladimirovna, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Human and Animal Physiology of the Samara National Research University named after Academician S. P. Koroleva (Samara University) – § 4.1 of Chapter 1 (co-authored with Inyushkina E. M., Kryukova E. S.);

Bogatyreva Natalia Vladimirovna, Assistant, Chair of Administrative and Municipal Law, Saratov State Law Academy – § 6.7 of Chapter 6 (co-authored with Sokolov A.Yu.);

Borodin Sergey Sergeevich, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Business Law, Samara National Research University named after Academician S. P. Koroleva (Samara University) – § 5.1 of Chapter 5 (co-authored with E. Kryukova);

Chedzhemov Sergey Ruslanovich, Professor of the Department of Humanitarian, Social and Economic Sciences of the North Ossetian State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, lawyer, candidate of historical sciences, doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor of the theory and history of state and law – § 4.8 of Chapter 4;

Chekan Larisa Vladimirovna, Senior Researcher, Laboratory for Biological Safety, Federal State Institution of Science “State Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology” – § 1.14 of Chapter 1 (co-authored with E. Tyurin);

Chubukova Svetlana Georgievna, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Chair of Information Law and Digital Technologies, Kutafin Moscow State Law University (Moscow State Law University) – § 4.7 of Chapter 4 (co-authored by I. M. Rassolov);

Chukovskaya Irina Valentinovna, legal adviser of the CEO of State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency – § 3.1 of Chapter 1 (co-authored with Samoylov A. S., Goloborodko E. V., Astrelina T. A., Dedova E. V., Gubayeva T. V., Kubyshkin A. V.);

Dedova Elizabeth Vyacheslavovna, head of legal department of the CEO of State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency – § 3.1 of Chapter 3 (co-authored with Samoylov A. S., Goloborodko E. V., Astrelina T. A., Chukovskaya I. V., Gubayeva T. V., Kubyshkin A.V);

Deryugina Tatyana Viktorovna, doctor of law, professor, professor of the Department of civil and labor law, civil procedure of the Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia – § 6.1 of Chapter 6;

Dikhtyar Ekaterina Denisovna, cadet of the investigative and forensic department of the State Educational Organization of Higher Professional Education “Donetsk Academy of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Donetsk People’s Republic – § 6.10 of Chapter 6 (co-authored with N. B. Khlystova);

Enikeev Oleg Anatolyevich, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), candidate of medical sciences, associate professor of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the Bashkir Academy of Public Administration and Management under the Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan – § 5.2 of Chapter 5;

Efimova Olga Vladimirovna, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Civil Law Disciplines at the Institute of Law and Management of SAEI HE MCPU – § 5.3 of Chapter 5;

Fedulov Georgy Vladimirovich, postgraduate student, Department of Civil Law Disciplines, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Plekhanov – § 5.9 of chapter 5;

Goloborodko Evgeny Vladimirovich, Candidate of Medical Sciences, the Scientific secretary of the CEO of State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency – § 1.5 of Chapter 1 (co-authored with Samoylov A. S., Astrelina T. A., Dedova E. V., Chukovskaya I. V., Gubayeva T. V., Kubyshkin A. V.);

Grigoryeva Iraida Andreevna, post-graduate student of the Institute of Pharmacy of the Kazan State Medical University – § 1.13 Chapter 1 (co-authored with Khamitova G. M.);

Grushin Yuri Olegovich, student of the Institute of Public Law and Administration of Kutafin Moscow State Law University – § 2.3 of chapter 2;

Gubayeva Tatyana Vladimirovna, legal adviser of the CEO of State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency – § 1.5 of Chapter 1 (co-authored with Samoylov A. S., Goloborodko E. V., Astrelina T. A., Dedova E. V., Chukovskaya I. V., Kubyshkin A. V.);

Inyushkin Andrey Alekseevich, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Business Law, Korolev Samara National Research University – § 3.2 of Chapter 3 (co-authored with Inyushkin A. N., Tkacheva M. A.);

Inyushkin Alexey Nikolaevich, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Korolev Samara National Research University – § 3.2 of Chapter 3 (co-authored with Inyushkin A. А.,Tkacheva M. A.);

Inyushkina Elena Mikhailovna, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Human and Animal Physiology of the Samara National Research University named after Academician S. P. Koroleva (Samara University) – § 4.1 of Chapter 4 (co-authored with Belyaeva O. V., Kryukova E. S.);

Kvanina Valentina Vyacheslavovna, Doctor of Law, Professor, Head of the Department of Business, Competition and Environmental Law of the South Ural State University (Research University) – § 5.7 of Chapter 5 (co-authored with Ulanova ES);

Kovaleva Olga Aleksandrovna, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the Orenburg State University – § 5.4 of Chapter 5;

Kolokolov Anton Viktorovich, Candidate of Medical Sciences, lecturer at the Department of Labor and Social Policy of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Advisor to the Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare – § 1.5 of Chapter 1;

Korobko Ksenia Igorevna, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokin – § 5.8 of Chapter 5;

Kostsova Elena Aleksandrovna, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Human and Animal Physiology of the Samara National Research University named after Academician S. P. Koroleva (Samara University) – § 3.7 of Chapter 3 (co-authored with Ruzanova V. D., Kretova I. G.);

Kretova Irina Gennadievna, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Human and Animal Physiology of the Samara National Research University named after Academician S. P. Koroleva (Samara University) – § 3.7 of Chapter 3 (co-authored with Ruzanova V. D., Kostsova E. A.);

Kruchinina Nadezhda Valentinovna, doctor of juridical sciences, professor. Professor department of criminalistics the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) – § 6.7 of Chapter 6;

Kubyshkin Aleksey Viktorovich, advocate, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), advocate’s Office “SanctaLex” of the Bar Association “Moscow City Bar Association” – § 1.5 of Chapter 1 (co-authored with Samoylov A. S., Goloborodko E. V., Astrelina T. A., Dedova E. V., Chukovskaya I. V., Gubaeva T. V.);

Kryukova Elena Sergeevna, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Civil and Entrepreneurial Law of the Samara National Research University named after Academician S. P. Koroleva (Samara University) – § 4.1 of Chapter 4 (co-authored with Belyaeva OV, Inyushkina E. M.); – § 5.1 of chapter 5 (co-authored with S. S. Borodin);

Khamitova Gulnara Mullanurovna, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor of the Department of Biomedics, Medical Law and the History of Medicine, Kazan State Medical University – § 1.13 of Chapter 1 (in collaboration with I. Grigorieva);

Khaperskaya Kristina Sergeevna, graduate student of the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia) – § 6.8 of chapter 6;

Khlystova Nadezhda Borisovna, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), head of the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology of the State Educational Organization of Higher Professional Education “Donetsk Academy of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Donetsk People’s Republic” – § 6.10 of Chapter 6 (co-authored with E. Dikhtyar); § 6.9 of chapter 6;

Levushkin Anatoly Nikolaevich, Doctor of Law, Professor, Professor of Department of Entrepreneurial and Corporate Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL); Professor of the Department of civil law of the Russian state University of justice – § 3.3 of Chapter 3;

Maleina Marina Nikolaevna, Doctor of Law, Professor, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Civil Law Department at Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) – § 6.3 of Chapter 6;

Minbaleev Alexey Vladimirovich, Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Information Law and Digital Technologies, Kutafin Moscow State Law University (Moscow State Law University) – § 4.2 of Chapter 4;

Mokhov Alexander Anatolyevich, Doctor of Law, Professor, Head of the Department of Medical Law, Kutafin Moscow State Law University (Moscow State Law Academy) – § 1.6 of Chapter 1; § 1.7 of Chapter 1 (in collaboration with A. Balashov, N. Posulikhina); § 2.6 of chapter 2; § 3.4 of chapter 3; § 5.5 of chapter 5;

Mokhov Artemy Aleksandrovich, investigator of the Investigative Department of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation for the Odintsovo City District – § 3.5 of Chapter 3;

Orlov Alexey Sergeyevich, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), Assistant lecturer to department of forensic medicine with a course of judicial histology of FPK and software of the Izhevsk state medical academy – § 6.4 of Chapter 6 (co-authored with Pozdeev A. R.);

Pekshev Aleksey Viktorovich, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), associate professor of the Department of Medical Law, Moscow State Law University named after O. E. Kutafin (Moscow State Law University) – § 1.8 of Chapter 1;

Polubinskaya Svetlana Veniaminovna, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor, Leading Research Fellow of the Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure and Criminology Department, Institute of State and Law, the Russian Academy of Sciences – § 6.5 of Chapter 6;

Posulikhina Natalya Semenovna, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), Lecturer, Department of Medical Law, Moscow State Law University named after O. E. Kutafina (Moscow State Law Academy) – § 1.7 of Chapter 1 (co-authored with Mokhov A. A., Balashov A. E.); – § 1.9 of Chapter 1;

Povarov Yury Sergeevich, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), Associate professor, Associate professor of the Department of Civil and Business Law of the Korolev Samara National Research University – § 3.6 of Chapter 3 (co-authored with Vedyasova O. A., Romanova I. D.);

Pozdeev Alexey Rodionovich, Doctor in Medical sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of department of forensic medicine with a course of judicial histology of FPK and software of the Izhevsk state medical academy – § 6.4 of Chapter 6 (co-authored with Orlov A. S.);

Rasaeva Khedi Almanovna, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), lawyer of the Moscow Bar – § 2.7 of Chapter 2;

Rassolov Ilya Mikhailovich, Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Information Law and Digital Technologies of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (Moscow State Law University) – § 4.7 of Chapter 4 (co-authored with Chubukova S. G.);

Romanova Irina Dmitrievna – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Human and Animal Physiology of the Samara National Research University named after Academician S. P. Queen – § 3.6 of Chapter 3 (co-authored with Povarov Yu.S., Vedyasova O. A.);

Romanova Olga Aleksandrovna – Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Ecological and Natural Resources Law, Kutafin Moscow State Law University (Moscow) – § 4.3 of chapter 4;

Ruzanova Valentina Dmitrievna, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Civil and Entrepreneurial Law, Academician S. P. Korolev Samara National Research University (Samara University) – § 2.8 of Chapter 2 (co-authored with V. Belyakov); § 3.7 of Chapter 3 (co-authored with Kretova I. G., Kostsova EA);

Savenkova Polina Germanovna, student of the international law faculty of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia (MGIMO Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs) – § 6.11 of chapter 6 (co-authored with Shestak V. A.);

Salieva Roza Nailevna, Doctor of Law, Head of the Laboratory of Legal Problems of Subsoil Use, Ecology and the Fuel and Energy Complex of the Institute of Ecology and Subsoil Use Problems of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan – § 1.10 of Chapter 1;

Samoylov Alexander Sergeyevich, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, General Manager of the CEO of State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency – § 1.5 of Chapter 1 (co-authored with Goloborodko E. V., Astrelina T. A., Dedova E. V., Chukovskaya I. V., Gubayeva T. V., Kubyshkin A. V.);

Sereda Artyom Yuryevich, graduate student of the Department of Environmental and Environmental Law of Kutafin Moscow State Law University – § 1.11 of Chapter 1;

Serova Olga Aleksandrovna – Doctor of Law, Professor, Professor, Department of Civil Law and Procedure, Pskov State University, Vice-Rector for Academic Affairs – § 4.4 of Chapter 4 (co-authored with Belaya O. V.);

Soboleva Maria Evgenievna, Leading Legal Advisor at the A. N. Scientific Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery Bakuleva of the Ministry of Health of Russia – § 6.6 of chapter 6;

Sokolov Alexander Yuryevich, Doctor of Law, Professor of the Department of Administrative and Municipal Law of the Saratov State Law Academy – § 6.7 of Chapter 6 (co-authored with N. Bogatyreva);

Sushkova Olga Viktorovna, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor, Associate Professor Department of Entrepreneurial and Corporate Law, Associate Professor Department of Information Law and Digital Technologies, Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Senior Researcher, Federal Institute of Industrial Property (Rospatent) – § 5.6 of Chapter 5;

Shestak Viktor Anatolyevich, Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure and Criminology, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs – § 4.9 of Chapter 4 (co-authored with A. Balitsky); § 6.11 of chapter 11 (in collaboration with Savenkova P. G.);

Shipova Ekaterina Andreyevna, graduate student of the Department of Business, Labor and Corporate Law, Speransky Faculty of Law, Institute of Law and National Security of the Russian State Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation – § 2.9 of chapter 2 (co-authored with Shipova O. I.);

Shipova Oksana Ivanovna, General Director of LLC Medical Center Medexpress, Master of Public Health – § 2.9 of Chapter 2 (co-authored with Shipova E. A.);

Tiras Kharlampiy Panteleevich, Candidate of biological sciences, head of the department of humanities of the Pushchino State Natural Science Institute – § 4.5 of chapter 4;

Tkacheva Margarita Andreevna, training master of the Department of Human and Animal Physiology of Samara National Research University named after Academician S. P. Koroleva – § 3.2 of chapter 2 (co-authored with Inyushkin A. A., Inyushkin A. N.);

Tyurin Evgeny Aleksandrovich, Candidate in Medicine sciences, Leading Researcher, Head of the Biological Safety Laboratory of the Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “State Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology” – § 1.12 of Chapter 1; § 1.14 of chapter 1 (co-authored with Chekan L. V.);

Ulanova Elena Sergeevna, graduate student of the Department of Business, Competition and Environmental Law of the South Ural State University (National Research University) – § 5.7 of Chapter 5 (co-authored with V. Kvanina);

Ulyanova Ekaterina Vladimirovna, graduate student of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (RANEPA), assistant to the President of the Intellectual Property Rights Court – § 4.6 of Chapter 4;

Vasiliev Stanislav Aleksandrovich, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor of the Chair “Constitutional and Administrative Law” of Sevastopol State University – § 1.3 of Chapter 1;

Vedysheva Natalia Olegovna, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Law, Kutafin Moscow State Law University (Moscow State Law University) – § 1.2 of Chapter 1;

Vedyasova Olga Aleksandrovna, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Human and Animal Physiology of the Samara National Research University named after Academician S. P. Koroleva – § 3.6 of Chapter 3 (co-authored with Povarov Yu.S., Romanova I. D.);

Yavorsky Alexander Nikolaevich, doctor in medicine, professor, chief researcher of the Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences – § 5.10 of Chapter 5;

Zhavoronkova Natalya Grigoryevna, Doctor of Law, Professor, Head of the Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Law, Kutafin Moscow State Law University (Moscow State Law Academy) – § 1.4 of Chapter 1;

Zavyalova Daria Vladimirovna, graduate student of the Department of Criminology, Kutafin Moscow State Law University (Moscow State Law Academy) – § 2.4 of Chapter 2;

Zulfugarzade Teymur Eldarovich, Candidate of Law Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor, Department of Civil Law Disciplines, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Plekhanov – § 6.2 of chapter 6.

Введение

В настоящее время область биоэкономики и решения, которые в ней принимаются, потенциально снижают потребность в использовании природных ресурсов и, следовательно, представляют собой некоторые шаги к так называемой циркулярной экономике, но не являются сами по себе эквивалентно устойчивыми. Таким образом, возникающая биоэкономика сама по себе обеспечивает экологически устойчивую экономику, не является оправданной, поскольку развивающиеся современные технологии не обязательно становятся устойчивыми только благодаря их переходу на использование возобновляемых ресурсов для их производства. В связи с чем можно говорить о том, что полезность биоэкономики в основном оценивается во взаимодействии разработчиков современных технологий (как результатов инновационной и иной творческой деятельности) и экономистов. При этом, если оценивать коммерческие преимущества современных технологий, необходимо подчеркнуть, что экологические затраты, особенно долгосрочные, недостаточно учитываются в разрабатываемых экономических моделях. Поэтому возможное решение этого концептуального противоречия находится в институте биоэтики, как ключевого понятия в правовом регулировании охраны окружающей среды и указывающего на тот факт, что никакое технологическое вмешательство не может быть навязано природе. Для достижения более сбалансированного анализа биоэкономики, охраны окружающей среды и правовых аспектов экологического регулирования, а также неэкономических аспектов необходимо рассматривать общие вопросы их взаимодействия.

Следует отметить, что правовое регулирование биоэкономики и биобезопасности в настоящее время претерпевает свое становление. Международные акты в рассматриваемой сфере достаточно глубоко регулируют вопросы сохранности различных биологических ресурсов и их использования в деятельности человека и общества. Так, Конвенция ООН по биоразнообразию, а также Лиссабонский договор ЕС являются воплощением конституционных принципов для законодательных инициатив стран, являющихся и не являющихся участниками этих международных договоров. Биоэкономика является универсальной движущей силой для политики, исследований, инноваций, предпринимательской деятельности и др. Однако для глубокого развития сферы биоэкономики и биобезопасности требуется, чтобы общество обладало более глубокими знаниями. Поскольку отсутствие именно таких знаний может привести к негативным последствиям в различных сферах: начиная от сельского хозяйства (генетически модифицированных культур) и заканчивая разработкой новых фармацевтических препаратов.

Вопросы биоэкономики и биобезопасности настолько являются взаимосвязанными, что требуется их законодательное регулирование для оценки воздействия поддерживающей политики государства и реагирования на проблемы граждан. Не менее важной проблемой является вопрос о том, действительно ли доминирующие в настоящее время биоэкономические решения представляют собой шаги к конечной цели устойчивого развития «циркулярной экономики», т. е. к новой экологической технологии «нулевых отходов».

Все эти и другие вопросы стали основой для настоящей монографии. Кроме того, не только рассмотрение общих вопросов правового обеспечения биологической безопасности является необходимым для общества, но и подготовка квалифицированных кадров в данной области. Поскольку будущая учебная программа охватывает не только теоретические, но и практические аспекты биобезопасности. Кроме того, учебная программа основана на руководящих принципах Всемирной организации здравоохранения в области биобезопасности, местных стандартах биобезопасности и постоянном совершенствовании уровня такой биобезопасности. Предлагаемый подход учебной программы (дисциплины) расширяет знания обучающихся в области биобезопасности и способствует получению практических навыков на лабораторных занятиях.