The History of England, from the Accession of James II — Volume 3

[ In a very full account of the British isles published at Nuremberg in 1690 Kerry is described as "an vielen Orten unwegsam und voller Wilder and Geburge." Wolves still infested Ireland. "Kein schadlich Thier ist da, ausserhalb Wolff and Fuchse." So late as the year 1710 money was levied on presentments of the Grand Jury of Kerry for the destruction of wolves in that county. See Smith's Ancient and Modern State of the County of Kerry, 1756. I do not know that I have ever met with a better book of the kind and of the size. In a poem published as late as 1719, and entitled Macdermot, or the Irish Fortune Hunter, in six cantos, wolfhunting and wolfspearing are represented as common sports in Munster. In William's reign Ireland was sometimes called by the nickname of Wolfland. Thus in a poem on the battle of La Vogue, called Advice to a Painter, the terror of the Irish army is thus described

"A chilling damp And Wolfland howl runs thro' the rising camp."]

125 (return)

[ Smith's Ancient and Modern State of Kerry.]

126 (return)

[ Exact Relation of the Persecutions, Robberies, and Losses, sustained by the Protestants of Killmare in Ireland, 1689; Smith's Ancient and Modern State of Kerry, 1756.]

127 (return)

[ Ireland's Lamentation, licensed May 18. 1689.]

128 (return)

[ A True Relation of the Actions of the Inniskilling men, by Andrew Hamilton, Rector of Kilskerrie, and one of the Prebends of the Diocese of Clogher, an Eyewitness thereof and Actor therein, licensed Jan. 15. 1689/90; A Further Impartial Account of the Actions of the Inniskilling men, by Captain William Mac Cormick, one of the first that took up Arms, 1691.]

129 (return)

[ Hamilton's True Relation; Mac Cormick's Further Impartial Account.]

130 (return)

[ Concise View of the Irish Society, 1822; Mr. Heath's interesting Account of the Worshipful Company of Grocers, Appendix 17.]

131 (return)

[ The Interest of England in the preservation of Ireland, licensed July 17. 1689.]

132 (return)

[ These things I observed or learned on the spot.]

133 (return)

[ The best account that I have seen of what passed at Londonderry during the war which began in 1641 is in Dr. Reid's History of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland.]

134 (return)

[ The Interest of England in the Preservation of Ireland; 1689.]

135 (return)

[ My authority for this unfavourable account of the corporation is an epic poem entitled the Londeriad. This extraordinary work must have been written very soon after the events to which it relates; for it is dedicated to Robert Rochfort, Speaker of the House of Commons; and Rochfort was Speaker from 1695 to 1699. The poet had no invention; he had evidently a minute knowledge of the city which he celebrated; and his doggerel is consequently not without historical value. He says

"For burgesses and freemen they had chose Broguemakers, butchers, raps, and such as those In all the corporation not a man Of British parents, except Buchanan."

This Buchanan is afterwards described as

"A knave all o'er For he had learned to tell his beads before."]

136 (return)

[ See a sermon preached by him at Dublin on Jan. 31. 1669. The text is "Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord's sake."]

137 (return)

[ Walker's Account of the Siege of Derry, 1689; Mackenzie's Narrative of the Siege of Londonderry, 1689; An Apology for the failures charged on the Reverend Mr. Walker's Account of the late Siege of Derry, 1689; A Light to the Blind. This last work, a manuscript in the possession of Lord Fingal, is the work of a zealous Roman Catholic and a mortal enemy of England. Large extracts from it are among the Mackintosh MSS. The date in the titlepage is 1711.]

138 (return)

[ As to Mountjoy's character and position, see Clarendon's letters from Ireland, particularly that to Lord Dartmouth of Feb. 8., and that to Evelyn of Feb. 14 1685/6. "Bon officier, et homme d'esprit," says Avaux.]

139 (return)

[ Walker's Account; Light to the Blind.]

140 (return)

[ Mac Cormick's Further Impartial Account.]

141 (return)

[ Burnet, i. 807; and the notes by Swift and Dartmouth. Tutchin, in the Observator, repeats this idle calumny.]

142 (return)

[ The Orange Gazette, Jan. 10 1688/9.]

143 (return)

[ Memoires de Madame de la Fayette.]

144 (return)

[ Burnet, i. 808; Life of James, ii. 320.; Commons' Journals, July 29. 1689.]

145 (return)

[ Avaux to Lewis, Mar 25/April 4 1659.]

146 (return)

[ Clarke's Life of James, ii. 321.; Mountjoy's Circular Letter, dated Jan. 10 1688/9;; King, iv. 8. In "Light to the Blind" Tyrconnel's "wise dissimulation" is commended.]

147 (return)

[ Avaux to Lewis April, 11. 1689.]

148 (return)

[ Printed Letter from Dublin, Feb. 25. 1689; Mephibosheth and Ziba, 1689.]

149 (return)

[ The connection of the priests with the old Irish families is mentioned in Petty's Political Anatomy of Ireland. See the Short View by a Clergyman lately escaped, 1689; Ireland's Lamentation, by an English Protestant that lately narrowly escaped with life from thence, 1689; A True Account of the State of Ireland, by a person who with great difficulty left Dublin, 1689; King, ii. 7. Avaux confirms all that these writers say about the Irish officers.]

150 (return)

[ At the French War Office is a report on the State of Ireland in February 1689. In that report it is said that the Irish who had enlisted as soldiers were forty-five thousand, and that the number would have been a hundred thousand if all who volunteered had been admitted. See the Sad and Lamentable Condition of the Protestants in Ireland, 1689; Hamilton's True Relation, 1690; The State of Papist and Protestant Properties in the Kingdom of Ireland, 1689; A true Representation to the King and People of England how Matters were carried on all along in Ireland, licensed Aug. 16. 1689; Letter from Dublin, 1689; Ireland's Lamentation, 1689; Compleat History of the Life and Military Actions of Richard, Earl of Tyrconnel, Generalissimo of all the Irish forces now in arms, 1689.]

151 (return)

[ See the proceedings in the State Trials.]

152 (return)

[ King, iii. 10.]

153 (return)

[ Ten years, says the French ambassador; twenty years, says a Protestant fugitive.]

154 (return)

[ Animadversions on the proposal for sending back the nobility and gentry of Ireland; 1689/90.]

155 (return)

[ King, iii. 10; The Sad Estate and Condition of Ireland, as represented in a Letter from a Worthy Person who was in Dublin on Friday last March. 1689; Short View by a Clergyman, 1689; Lamentation of Ireland 1689; Compleat History of the Life and Actions of Richard, Earl of Tyrconnel, 1689; The Royal Voyage, acted in 1689 and 1690. This drama, which, I believe, was performed at Bartholomew Fair, is one of the most curious of a curious class of compositions, utterly destitute of literary merit, but valuable as showing what were then the most successful claptraps for an audience composed of the common people. "The end of this play," says the author in his preface, "is chiefly to expose the perfidious base, cowardly, and bloody nature of the Irish." The account which the fugitive Protestants give of the wanton destruction of cattle is confirmed by Avaux in a letter to Lewis, dated April 13/23 1689, and by Desgrigny in a letter to Louvois, dated May 17/27. 1690. Most of the despatches written by Avaux during his mission to Ireland are contained in a volume of which a very few copies were printed some years ago at the English Foreign Office. Of many I have also copies made at the French Foreign Office. The letters of Desgrigny, who was employed in the Commissariat, I found in the Library of the French War Office. I cannot too strongly express my sense of the liberality and courtesy with which the immense and admirably arranged storehouses of curious information at Paris were thrown open to me.]

156 (return)

[ "A remarkable thing never to be forgotten was that they that were in government then"—at the end of 1688—"seemed to favour us and endeavour to preserve Friends." history of the Rise and Progress of the People called Quakers in Ireland, by Wight and Rutty, Dublin, 1751. King indeed (iii. 17) reproaches the Quakers as allies and tools of the Papists.]

157 (return)

[ Wight and Rutty.]

158 (return)

[ Life of James, ii. 327. Orig. Mem. Macarthy and his feigned name are repeatedly mentioned by Dangeau.]

159 (return)

[ Exact Relation of the Persecutions, Robberies and Losses sustained by the Protestants of Killmare in Ireland, 1689.]

160 (return)

[ A true Representation to the King and People of England how Matters were carried on all along in Ireland by the late King James, licensed Aug. 16. 1689; A true Account of the Present State of Ireland by a Person that with Great Difficulty left Dublin, licensed June 8. 1689.]

161 (return)

[ Hamilton's Actions of the Inniskilling Men, 1689.]

162 (return)

[ Walker's Account, 1689.]

163 (return)

[ Mackenzie's Narrative; Mac Cormack's Further Impartial Account; Story's Impartial History of the Affairs of Ireland, 1691; Apology for the Protestants of Ireland; Letter from Dublin of Feb. 25. 1689; Avaux to Lewis, April 15/25. 1689.]

164 (return)

[ Memoires de Madame de la Fayette; Madame de Sevigne to Madame de Grignan, Feb. 28. 1689.]

165 (return)

[ Burnet, ii. 17; Clarke's Life of James II., 320, 321, 322,]

166 (return)

[ Maumont's Instructions.]

167 (return)

[ Dangeau, Feb. 15/25 17/27 1689; Madame de Sevigne, 18/28 Feb. 20/March; Memoires de Madame de la Fayette.]

168 (return)

[ Memoirs of La Fare and Saint Simon; Note of Renaudot on English affairs 1697, in the French Archives; Madame de Sevigne, Feb 20/March 2, March 11/21, 1689; Letter of Madame de Coulanges to M. de Coulanges, July 23. 1691.]

169 (return)

[ See Saint Simon's account of the trick by which Avaux tried to pass himself off at Stockholm as a Knight of the Order of the Holy Ghost.]

170 (return)

[ This letter, written to Lewis from the harbour of Brest, is in the Archives of the French Foreign Office, but is wanting in the very rare volume printed in Downing Street.]

171 (return)

[ A full and true Account of the Landing and Reception of the late King James at Kinsale, in a letter from Bristol, licensed April 4. 1689; Leslie's Answer to King; Ireland's Lamentation; Avaux, March 13/23]

172 (return)

[ Avaux, March. 13/23 1689; Life of James, ii. 327. Orig. Mem.]

173 (return)

[ Avaux, March 15/25. 1689.]

174 (return)

[ Ibid. March 25/April 4 1689]

175 (return)

[ A full and true Account of the Landing and Reception of the late King James; Ireland's Lamentation; Light to the Blind.]

176 (return)

[ See the calculations of Petty, King, and Davenant. If the average number of inhabitants to a house was the same in Dublin as in London, the population of Dublin would have been about thirty-four thousand.]

177 (return)

[ John Damon speaks of College Green near Dublin. I have seen letters of that age directed to the College, by Dublin. There are some interesting old maps of Dublin in the British Museum.]

178 (return)

[ Clarendon to Rochester, Feb. 8. 1685/6, April 20. Aug. 12. Nov. 30. 1686.]

179 (return)

[ Clarke's Life of James II, ii. 330.; Full and true Account of the Landing and Reception, &c.; Ireland's Lamentation.]

180 (return)

[ Clarendon's Diary; Reresby's Memoirs; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary. I have followed Luttrell's version of Temple's last words. It agrees in substance with Clarendon's, but has more of the abruptness natural on such an occasion. If anything could make so tragical an event ridiculous, it would be the lamentation of the author of the Londeriad]

"The wretched youth against his friend exclaims, And in despair drowns himself in the Thames."]

181 (return)

[ Much light is thrown on the dispute between the English and Irish parties in James's Council, by a remarkable letter of Bishop Maloney to Bishop Tyrrel, which will be found in the Appendix to Kings State of the Protestants.]

182 (return)

[ Avaux, March 25/April 4 1689, April. But it is less from any single letter, than from the whole tendency and spirit of the correspondence of Avaux, that I have formed my notion of his objects.]

183 (return)

[ "Il faut donc, oubliant qu'il a este Roy d'Angleterre et d'Escosse, ne penser qu'a ce qui peut bonifier l'Irlande, et luy faciliter les moyens d'y subsister." Louvois to Avaux, June 3/13. 1689.]

184 (return)

[ See the despatches written by Avaux during April 1689; Light to the Blind.]

185 (return)

[ Avaux, April 6/16 1689.]

186 (return)

[ Avaux, May 8/18 1689.]

187 (return)

[ Pusignan to Avaux March 30/April 9 1689.]

188 (return)

[ This lamentable account of the Irish beer is taken from a despatch which Desgrigny wrote from Cork to Louvois, and which is in the archives of the French War Office.]

189 (return)

[ Avaux, April 13/23. 1689; April 20/30,]

190 (return)

[ Avaux to Lewis, April 15/25 1689, and to Louvois, of the same date.]

191 (return)

[ Commons' Journals, August 12. 1689; Mackenzie's Narrative.]

192 (return)

[ Avaux, April 17/27. 1689. The story of these strange changes of purpose is told very disingenuously in the Life of James, ii. 330, 331, 332. Orig. Mem.]

193 (return)

[ Life of James, ii. 334, 335. Orig. Mem.]

194 (return)

[ Memoirs of Saint Simon. Some English writers ignorantly speak of Rosen as having been, at this time, a Marshal of France. He did not become so till 1703. He had long been a Marechal de Camp, which is a very different thing, and had been recently promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General.]

195 (return)

[ Avaux, April 4/14 1689, Among the MSS. in the British Museum is a curious report on the defences of Londonderry, drawn up in 1705 for the Duke of Ormond by a French engineer named Thomas.]

196 (return)

[ Commons' Journals, August 12. 1689.]

197 (return)

[ The best history of these transactions will be found in the journals of the House of Commons, August 12. 1689. See also the narratives of Walker and Mackenzie.]

198 (return)

[ Mackenzie's Narrative,]

199 (return)

[ Walker and Mackenzie.]

200 (return)

[ See the Character of the Protestants of Ireland 1689, and the Interest of England in the Preservation of Ireland, 1689. The former pamphlet is the work of an enemy, the latter of a zealous friend.]

201 (return)

[ There was afterwards some idle dispute about the question whether Walker was properly Governor or not. To me it seems quite clear that he was so.]

202 (return)

[ Mackenzie's Narrative; Funeral Sermon on Bishop Hopkins, 1690.]

203 (return)

[ Walker's True Account, 1689. See also The Apology for the True Account, and the Vindication of the True Account, published in the same year. I have called this man by the name by which he was known in Ireland. But his real name was Houstoun. He is frequently mentioned in the strange volume entitled Faithful Contendings Displayed.]

204 (return)

[ A View of the Danger and Folly of being publicspirited, by William Hamill, 1721]

205 (return)

[ See Walker's True Account and Mackenzie's Narrative.]

206 (return)

[ Walker; Mackenzie; Avaux, April 26/May 6 1689. There is a tradition among the Protestants of Ulster that Maumont fell by the sword of Murray: but on this point the report made by the French ambassador to his master is decisive. The truth is that there are almost as many mythical stories about the siege of Londonderry as about the siege of Troy. The legend about Murray and Maumont dates from 1689. In the Royal Voyage which was acted in that year, the combat between the heroes is described in these sonorous lines]

"They met; and Monsieur at the first encounter Fell dead, blaspheming, on the dusty plain, And dying, bit the ground."]

207 (return)

[ "Si c'est celuy qui est sorti de France le dernier, qui s'appelloit Richard, il n'a jamais veu de siege, ayant toujours servi en Rousillon."—Louvois to Avaux, June 8/18. 1689.]

208 (return)

[ Walker; Mackenzie; Avaux to Louvois, May 2/12. 4/14 1689; James to Hamilton, May 28/June 8 in the library of the Royal Irish Academy. Louvois wrote to Avaux in great indignation. "La mauvaise conduite que l'on a tenue devant Londondery a couste la vie a M. de Maumont et a M. de Pusignan. Il ne faut pas que sa Majesté Britannique croye qu'en faisant tuer des officiers generaux comme des soldats, on puisse ne l'en point laisser manquer. Ces sortes de gens sont rates en tout pays, et doivent estre menagez."]

209 (return)

[ Walker; Mackenzie; Avaux, June 16/26 1689.]

210 (return)

[ As to the discipline of Galmoy's Horse, see the letter of Avaux to Louvois, dated Sept. 10/30. Horrible stories of the cruelty, both of the colonel and of his men, are told in the Short View, by a Clergyman, printed in 1689, and in several other pamphlets of that year. For the distribution of the Irish forces, see the contemporary maps of the siege. A catalogue of the regiments, meant, I suppose to rival the catalogue in the Second Book of the Iliad, will be found in the Londeriad.]

211 (return)

[ Life of Admiral Sir John Leake, by Stephen M. Leake, Clarencieux King at Arms, 1750. Of this book only fifty copies were printed.]

212 (return)

[ Avaux, May 8/18 May 26/June 5 1689; London Gazette, May 9.; Life of James, ii. 370.; Burchett's Naval Transactions; Commons' Journals, May 18, 21. From the Memoirs of Madame de la Fayette it appears that this paltry affair was correctly appreciated at Versailles.]

213 (return)

[ King, iii. 12; Memoirs of Ireland from the Restoration, 1716. Lists of both Houses will be found in King's Appendix.]

214 (return)

[ I found proof of Plowden's connection with the Jesuits in a Treasury Letterbook, June 12, 1689.]

215 (return)

[ "Sarsfield," Avaux wrote to Louvois, Oct. 11/21. 1689, "n'est pas un homme de la naissance de mylord Galloway" (Galmoy, I suppose) "ny de Makarty: mais c'est un gentilhomme distingue par son merite, qui a plus de credit dans ce royaume qu'aucun homme que je connoisse. Il a de la valeur, mais surtout de l'honneur et de la probite a toute epreuve... homme qui sera toujours a la tete de ses troupes, et qui en aura grand soin." Leslie, in his Answer to King, says that the Irish Protestants did justice to Sarsfield's integrity and honour. Indeed justice is done to Sarsfield even in such scurrilous pieces as the Royal Flight.]

216 (return)

[ Journal of the Parliament in Ireland, 1689. The reader must not imagine that this journal has an official character. It is merely a compilation made by a Protestant pamphleteer and printed in London.]

217 (return)

[ Life of James, ii. 355.]

218 (return)

[ Journal of the Parliament in Ireland.]

219 (return)

[ Avaux May 26/June 5 1689.]

220 (return)

[ A True Account of the Present State of Ireland, by a Person that with Great Difficulty left Dublin, 1689; Letter from Dublin, dated June 12. 1689; Journal of the Parliament in Ireland.]

221 (return)

[ Life of James, ii. 361, 362, 363. In the Life it is said that the proclamation was put forth without the privity of James, but that he subsequently approved of it. See Welwood's Answer to the Declaration, 1689.]

222 (return)

[ Light to the Blind; An Act declaring that the Parliament of England cannot bind Ireland against Writs of Error and Appeals, printed in London, 1690.]

223 (return)

[ An Act concerning Appropriate Tythes and other Duties payable to Ecclesiastical Dignitaries. London 1690.]

224 (return)

[ An Act for repealing the Acts of Settlement and Explanation and all Grants, Patents, and Certificates pursuant to them or any of them. London, 1690.]

225 (return)

[ See the paper delivered to James by Chief Justice Keating, and the speech of the Bishop of Meath. Both are in King's Appendix. Life of James, ii. 357-361.]

226 (return)

[ Leslie's Answer to King; Avaux, May 26/June 5 1689; Life of James, ii. 358.]

227 (return)

[ Avaux May 28/June 7 1689, and June 20/July 1. The author of Light to the Blind strongly condemns the indulgence shown to the Protestant Bishops who adhered to James.]

228 (return)

[ King, iii. 11.; Brief Memoirs by Haynes, Assay Master of the Mint, among the Lansdowne MSS. at the British Museum, No. 801. I have seen several specimens of this coin. The execution is surprisingly good, all circumstances considered.]

229 (return)

[ King, iii. 12.]

230 (return)

[ An Act for the Attainder of divers Rebels and for preserving the Interest of loyal Subjects, London, 1690.]

231 (return)

[ King, iii. 13.]

232 (return)

[ His name is in the first column of page 30. in that edition of the List which was licensed March 26, 1690. I should have thought that the proscribed person must have been some other Henry Dodwell. But Bishop Kennet's second letter to the Bishop of Carlisle, 1716, leaves no doubt about the matter.]

233 (return)

[ A list of most of the Names of the Nobility, Gentry, and Commonalty of England and Ireland (amongst whom are several Women and Children) who are all, by an Act of a Pretended parliament assembled in Dublin, attainted of High Treason, 1690; An Account of the Transactions of the late King James in Ireland, 1690; King, iii. 13.; Memoirs of Ireland, 1716.]

234 (return)

[ Avaux July 27/Aug 6. 1689.]

235 (return)

[ King's State of the Protestants in Ireland, iii. 19.]

236 (return)

[ Ibid. iii. 15.]

237 (return)

[ Leslie's Answer to King.]

238 (return)

[ "En comparazion de lo que se hace in Irlanda con los Protestantes, es nada." April 29/May 6 1689; "Para que vea Su Santitad que aqui estan los Catolicos mas benignamente tratados que los Protestantes in Irlanda." June 19/29]

239 (return)

[ Commons' Journals, June 15. 1689.]

240 (return)

[ Stat. 1 W.&M. sess. 1. c. 29.]

241 (return)

[ Grey's Debates, June 19. 1689.]

242 (return)

[ Ibid. June 22. 1689.]

243 (return)

[ Hamilton's True Relation; Mac Cormick's Further Account. Of the island generally, Avaux says, "On n'attend rien de cette recolte cy, les paysans ayant presque tous pris les armes."—Letters to Louvois, March 19/29 1689.]

244 (return)

[ Hamilton's True Relation.]

245 (return)

[ Walker.]

246 (return)

[ Walker; Mackenzie.]