The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, Vol. 4 (of 9)

Elections—Members of Congress should be elected by Districts and not by general ticket, 308.

England—Her refusal to surrender our military posts, 95.

Carries off negroes at end of Revolutionary war, 96.

Danger of war with, 102, 105.

Our dependence on, 172.

Europe—Condition of, in 1798, 217, 218.

Excise—The obnoxious character of, 112.

Executives—Mode of communicating between State and Federal governments, 401.

Federalists—Character of the party, 112, 139, 197, 448.

Their ascendancy, 140, 141.

The moderate portion of the party, 361.

Mr. Jefferson's policy towards, 451, 484, 542.

Finance—Reforms in, 428, 430.

Floridas, The—Their cession to France, 432.

Foreign Policy—414.

France—Condition of, in 1793, 8.

Affection of our people for, 123.

Her victories in Europe, 182.

Danger of war with, in 1797, 181, 183, 184, 185, 189, 233, 265, 277.

Special mission to, to preserve peace, 187, 208, 232, 234.

War with, avoided, 189, 190.

Silence of Envoys to, favorable, 216.

Their negotiations in France, 232, 234, 251.

Talleyrand's intrigues with, 234, 235, 270.

Return of Envoys to United States, 250.

The X. Y. Z. delusion, 265, 271, 274.

Effect of, in United States, 275.

Conduct of Envoys, 271, 272.

Disposition of France to peace, 271, 275, 276, 288, 292, 293.

Establishment of the Consulate, 315.

Unfriendly feeling in, towards United States, 448.

Condition of, under Bonaparte, 452, 493, 496.

Genet, M.—His conduct, 7, 20, 31, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 52, 53, 64, 68, 84.

His recall asked, 50.

Petitions to have Mr. Jay prosecuted for libelling him, 97.

Gerry, Elbridge—Letter from, on political condition of U. S. and his mission to France, 273.

Government—Mr. Jefferson's views on, 114, 115.

Equilibrium between State and Federal governments necessary, 217.

Gun Boats—567.

Hamilton, Alexander—His great talents, 121, 231.

His advocacy of Jay's treaty, 121.

His anonymous writings, 231.

Henry, Patrick—Court paid to him by federalists, 148.

History, Natural—Big bones of the west, 149, 337, 351.

Skeleton from Paraguay, 195.

The wild horses of the west, 253.

Impeachment—Introduction of trial by jury in cases of, 215.

Impressment—Jefferson's views on, 133.

Improvement, Internal—Jefferson's views on, 131, 449, 478.

Post roads, 131.

Piers in the Delaware, 449, 478.

Light-houses, 450, 478.

Indians—Our efforts to keep them neutral in revolutionary war, 10.

Efforts to preserve peace with, 10, 11, 12.

Our policy towards, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 464, 467, 472, 489.

War with northwestern Indians, 86.

Cessions of land by, 464, 467, 472.

Their languages, 326, 580.

Their artistic skill, 310.

Insurrection—Of negroes in Virginia, 336.

Jefferson, Thomas—His retirement from Secretaryship of State, 26, 28, 99, 100.

Consents to remain until December, 1792, 28.

His retirement from politics, 101.

His devotion to agricultural life, 103.

His farming system, 106, 143, 224.

Declares his purpose never to enter public life again, 110.

Does not desire the Presidential office, 110.

His relations with General Washington in 1796, 142, 171.

Prefers Mr. Adams to himself for Presidency, 150, 151, 153, 154.

His letter to J. Adams on the subject, 153.

His election to Vice-Presidency, 158, 163, 165, 168.

Mode of notifying his election, 160.

His views of duties of his new office, 161.

His relations with J. Adams, 161, 167.

Preparation of his Parliamentary manual, 163.

His account of the Mazzei letter, 193.

His opposition to war with France, 178, 181, 183, 184, 185, 198, 230, 254.

His political associates, 254.

Calumnies against him, 255, 333, 520, 576.

Summary of his political principles, 268.

His election over Burr to Presidency, 358.

His valedictory to Senate on termination of Vice-Presidency, 362.

His oath of office, 364.

Reformations in administration of government, 396, 399, 523.

His agency in forming Constitution, 441.

Principles of his administration, 452, 523, 548.

Candidate for second Presidential term, 536.

His early friends, 547.

Political differences no effect on private friendships, 562.

His purpose to retire at end of second term, 565.

His majority at second election, 573.

Unanimity of his Cabinet, 592.

Judiciary—The executive consults it, 22.

Limits to jurisdiction of federal judiciary, 199.

Jury trial and viva voce evidence in Chancery suits, 318.

Jurisdiction, Territorial—Extract of the Marine league, 75.

Kentucky—Resolutions of, on alien and sedition laws, 258, 305.

King, Rufus—Sent minister to Russia, 289.

Knox, General—His bankruptcy, 262.

Kosciusko, General—His return to Europe, 248.

La Fayette—Greeting to his son on coming to U. S., 114.

Land—Conveyances of, before revolution, 371.

Languages—Policy of the study of, 316.

The Indian languages, 326, 348, 580.

Law, The Common—No part of law of Federal government, 301, 306.

Laws, Municipal—Derive their authority from the people, 302.

Law, National—Enemy's property in friend's vessel seizable, 24, 403, 408.

Arms are contraband, but government will not prohibit exportation of, 87.

Lewis, Captain M.—His expedition to explore west, 470, 492, 516, 540.

Liancourt, Duke de—A fugitive from French revolution, 145.

Literature—Condition of literary men, 513.

Livingston, Robert R.—Secretaryship of Navy tendered him, 338.

Sent on mission to France, 360.

Louisiana—Its cession to France, 432, 435.

Efforts to purchase for U. S., 454, 457, 460.

Its acquisition, 494, 497, 503, 509, 510, 525.

Boundaries of, 498, 503, 539, 548, 550, 587.

Its unconstitutionality, 500, 503, 504, 506.

Cession of, opposed by Spain, 511.

Occupation of, 510, 514.

Organization of government of, 551, 558.

Madison, James—Jefferson wishes him to succeed Washington in Presidency, 116, 117, 136, 150.

His report of debates in convention, 263.

Malthus—His work on population, 526, 527.

Maritime Jurisdiction—Limits of, 73, 559.

Marshall, John—His reception on return from mission to France, 249.

Messages—Substituted for speeches, 426.

Militia—The discipline of, 469.

Ministers, Foreign—Their pay, 455.

Their right to import duty free, 588.

Monroe, James—Jefferson advises him to come to Congress, 242.

Sent on special mission to France to negotiate for Louisiana and Floridas, 454, 457, 460.

Monuments—To living men objectionable, 335.

Moreau, Gen.—His arrival in U. S., 584.

Morris, Governeur—Becomes unpopular in France, 93.

Neutrality—Efforts to preserve it, 6.

Grounds on which proclamation of opposed, 18, 29.

Circumstances attending it, 18, 29, 30, 32.

Measures vindicating our neutrality, 18, 19, 27, 51, 55.

Violations of, by France, 27, 33, 45, 46, 55, 68.

Questions at issue between Genet and U. S., 34, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44.

Unlawful for the belligerents to arm and equip in our ports, 34.

In what cases our courts have jurisdiction over prizes, 38, 40.

Enemy's goods in neutral vessels liable to capture, 43.

Same rule extended to England as to other nations, though no treaty with her, 57.

Violations of our neutrality by England, 59, 62.

What are the rights of neutral nations, 59.

Conditions of neutrality, 61.

Difference between England and France resulting from treaty, 65.

French prizes admitted, and English excluded by treaty, 66.

Right of vessels of belligerents to visit our ports, 66.

Territorial jurisdiction extends to the marine league, 75, 559.

In what cases our courts make restitution of prizes, 78.

New England—Character of the people of, 247.

New Orleans—Difficulties in relation to rights of deposit at, 454, 457, 460.

Our policy in relation to, 483.

Offices—Principles on which distributed, 353, 368, 380, 391, 398, 402, 406, 451, 543.

Refuses offices to relations, 388.

Parties, Political—(See United States.)

Patronage—(See Offices.)

Philadelphia—The yellow fever there, 54, 64, 70, 74, 86.

Plough—One invented by Mr. Jefferson, 147, 225.

Polygraph—572.

Posts, North Western—Failure of English to surrender, 95.

President—Has no power to change place of meeting of Congress, 72.

Removal of executive government to Germantown, 74, 86.

Presidency—Nominations for second Presidency, 100, 116, 150, 151, 153, 154.

Equality of vote between Burr and Jefferson, 340, 342, 344, 345, 349, 352, 354, 369.

Press—Freedom of, in U. S., 21.

Privateers—A merchant vessel armed for defence only is not a privateer, 41.

Proclamation of Neutrality—(See Neutrality.)

Randolph, Edmund—His character, 125.

Randolph, John—His relations to Jefferson's administration, 517.

Religion—Jefferson's views on, 422, 525.

His views on Christianity, 475, 477, 479.

His views of Jesus, 475, 477, 481.

Fastings and thanksgivings not proclaimed by him, 427.

Republican Party—Split in, 591.

Robbin's Case—323, 324.

Sea Letters—To whom should be granted, 566.

Senate—Functions of that body, 107.

J. Adams' views of, 215.

Short, Wm.—His recall from Europe, 413.

Slaves—Policy of emancipation, 196.

Numbers carried off by English at end of revolution, 96.

Plans of colonization, 420, 442.

Spain—Danger of war with, 7, 8, 16, 17, 21.

Summary of our relations with, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16.

Difficulties with, in respect to inciting Indians against us, 12, 13, 14.

Societies, Democratic—Opposition of federalists to, 111, 133.

Efforts to suppress them, 111, 133.

State Rights—Jefferson's views on, 331.

Steam Engines—Employed to conduct water through houses, 296.

Stevens, Dr.—His case, 528.

St. Domingo—Condition of fugitives from, 20.

Expulsion of whites from, 20.

Assistance rendered to, by United States, 49.

Condition of the Island, 251.

Talleyrand—His connection with the X. Y. Z. business, 436.

Treasury—Financial reforms in, 428, 430.

Treaties—Our policy in relation to, 552.

The unpopularity of Jay's treaty, 120.

Power of House of Representatives over, 125, 134, 135.

Passage of Jay's treaty, 148.

Turkey, The—A native of America, 346.

University of Virginia—Its foundation, 313, 316, 462.

United States—Excess of party spirit in, 176, 178, 184, 191, 241, 247, 286.

Danger of war with France, 178, 181, 183, 187.

State of parties in, 179, 184, 206, 224, 234, 246.

Preparations for war, 183, 185, 241.

Political complexion of different sections of U. S., 186, 246.

Importance of peace to, 187.

State of parties on question of war with France, 189, 190, 222, 227, 229, 239.

Majority against war, 190, 192, 210.

Our true policy in our foreign relations, 191, 414.

Proceedings in Congress, 205, 208, 210, 211, 237.

Political condition of, 256, 259, 265, 271, 281, 287, 295, 297, 300, 322, 328, 330.

Financial condition of, in 1798, 264, 277, 284.

Increase of Republican party, 288, 414, 437, 488.

Consolidation of republicans and moderate federalists under Jefferson, 366, 367, 370, 378, 381, 382, 386, 389, 406, 437, 523, 542.

The political revolution of 1800, 373, 375, 376, 390, 425, 440, 467.

Relations with England and France, 586.

Virginia—Profits of agriculture in, 3.

Height of mountains of, 147.

Proposition for State convention, 199.

Collection of statutes of, 128.

Loss of public documents of, 129.

Alteration in Notes on Virginia, 564.

War—Preparations for, 279, 283, 285, 290, 291, 299, 323.

Public opinion in relation to, 279, 295, 300.

War policy of J. Adams' administration, 290, 291, 298.

War unavoidable in Europe, 491.

Danger of war with France, 181, 183, 184, 185, 189, 233, 265, 277.

Washington, Gen.—Monument to, 82.

Influence of federalists over, 139, 140, 141.

His influence in the country, 169.

His relations with Jefferson, 142, 171.

Cost of Houdon's statue of, 310.

Monuments to great men while living objectionable, 335.

Washington City—Removal of government to, 201.

Nature of, 570.

1

[A copy of the preceding letter was sent, enclosed by the Secretary of State, to Mr. Genet.]

2

See p. 31.

3

[Probably to Mr. Madison.]

"Thomas Jefferson presents his respects to Mr. Liston, and asks the favor of the passport for his friend Thomas Kanberg, of whom he spoke to him yesterday. He is a native of the north of Europe, (perhaps of Germany,) has been known to Thomas Jefferson these twenty years in America, is of a most excellent character, stands in no relation whatever to any of the belligerent powers, as to whom Thomas Jefferson is not afraid to be responsible for his political innocence, as he goes merely for his private affairs. He will sail from Baltimore, if he finds there a good opportunity for France; and if not, he will come on here. March 27, 1798."]

4

[The first part of this letter is on private business, and is therefore omitted.]

5

[Here, in the margin of the copy, is written, apparently at a later date, "General H. Lee."]

6

[A few lines are here illegible.]

7

[The places in this letter where the asterisks are inserted, are blanks in the original.]

8

[Here, in the margin of the copy filed, is written by the author, in pencil, "Mr. Adams."]

9

[Address lost.]

10

[Shortly before, Mr. Jefferson had obtained passports for General Kosciusko, under an assumed name, from the foreign ministers in this country. The annexed is the note addressed to Mr. Liston, soliciting one from him.

11

[Here, and in almost every other case where the name is omitted, it is omitted in the original.]

12

The Legislature of Virginia.

13

[This vocabulary is missing.]

14

[In the margin is written by the author, "Alien law."]

15

[The manuscript here is illegible.]

16

Venice and Genoa.

17

To explain, I will exhibit the heads of Seneca's and Cicero's philosophical works, the most extensive of any we have received from the ancients. Of ten heads in Seneca, seven relate to ourselves, viz. de ira, consolatio, de tranquilitate, de constantia sapientis, de otio sapientis, de vita beata, de brevitate vitae; two relate to others, de elementia, de beneficiis; and one relates to the government of the world, de providentia. Of eleven tracts of Cicero, five respect ourselves, viz. de finibus, Tusculana, academica, paradoxa, de Senectute; one, de officiis, relates partly to ourselves, partly to others; one, de amicitia, relates to others; and four are on different subjects, to wit, de natura deorum, de divinatione, de fato, and somnium Scipionis.

18

November 8. It is now said that it did not take place on the 3d, but will this day.

19

These ordinates are arithmetical progressionals, each of which is double the root of its abscissa, plus unit. The equation, therefore, expressing the law of the curve is y = 2 N x + 1; that is, the velocity of the water of any depth will be double the root of that depth, plus unit. Were the line a e a wall, and b f e g d h e i troughs, along which water spouted from apertures at b c d e, their intersections with the curve at f g h i would mark the point in each trough to which the water would flow in a second of time, abating for friction.

20

[In the margin is written by the author, "La Fayette."]

21

—Extreme cold of, 1796-7, 157.

West, The—Exploration of, by Captain Lewis, 470, 492, 516, 540.

Exploration of Red river, 577.

Winds—Observations on, 159.

Yellow Fever—Its appearance at Philadelphia, 54, 64, 70, 74, 86.