Расстройства аутистического спектра в первые годы жизни. Исследования, оценка и лечение

Исследования в области скрининга также могли бы выиграть от более пристального внимания к внедрению и осуществимости процедур скрининга. Например, важно определить новые методы, с помощью которых можно последовательно проводить скрининг в группах населения, различающихся по языковым предпочтениям, уровню грамотности, доступу к медицинским услугам, этнической принадлежности и социально-экономическому статусу. Необходимо разработать новые методы для проведения скрининга в условиях различных общественных учреждений, таких как школы или детские сады с тем, чтобы повысить его доступность для семей, не имеющих регулярного доступа к первичной медицинской помощи (Janvier et al., 2016). Если будут разработаны новые инструменты скрининга для использования в учреждениях первичной медицинской помощи, то может оказаться полезным обучение практикующих медсестер и другого персонала выявлению ранних признаков задержки развития и РАС. Это поможет увеличить число специалистов, уже контактирующих с пациентами, и повысить осведомленность о необычных паттернах развития с учетом проблем внедрения в реальных условиях (Barbaro & Dissanayake, 2010; King et al., 2010). Также телемедицина и скрининг на основе приложений, таких как E-VAS и Autism Navigator, могут стать способом адаптации современных технологий к потребностям мультикультурной популяции. См. главу 10.

Повышение осведомленности как врача, так и родителей о ранних вехах развития и симптомах РАС будет способствовать раннему выявлению и лечению. Такие организации, как CDC (www.cdc.gov), «Аутизм говорит» (www.autismspeaks.org), а также Научный фонд аутизма (https://autismsciencefoundation.org), уже работают над повышением осведомленности через свои бесплатные и доступные веб-сайты с точной информацией о вехах развития и расстройствах, включая РАС. Хотя предстоит проделать еще много работы, исследования преимуществ скрининга и наличие адекватных инструментов скрининга показывают, что эффективный и точный скрининг – это стоящее дело.

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