The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd ed.) (1911)

277

Ovid, Metam. 11, 221-265; Catullus, LXIV; Hyginus, Fab. 14; Apollonius Rhodius. Argon. 1, 558; Valerius Flaccus, Argon.; Statius, Achilleid.

278

Catullus, LXIV (Charles Mills Gayley's translation).

279

Empedocles on Etna.

Fig. 150. Helen Persuaded

280

From Tennyson's Dream of Fair Women.

281

From Tennyson's Œnone.

282

Euripides, Iphigenia at Aulis, Iphigenia among the Tauri.

283

From Tennyson's Dream of Fair Women.

284

Gladstone's Translations from the Iliad.

285

Iliad, 2 (Pope's translation).

286

Iliad, 3 (Pope's translation).

287

Christopher Marlowe, Doctor Faustus.

288

Iliad, 3 (Pope's translation).

289

Iliad, 6, 390 et seq. (Lang, Leaf, and Myers' translation).

290

Iliad, 6, 470-490 (Pope's translation).

291

Iliad, 6 (Pope's translation).

292

Iliad, 9.

293

Iliad, 11.

294

Iliad, 13.

295

Iliad, 14, 400-440.

296

Iliad, 14, 150-350.

297

Iliad, 15.

298

Iliad, 11.

299

Iliad, 16.

300

Iliad, 17.

301

Cowper's translation. The lines are often quoted.

302

Iliad, 18.

303

Iliad, 19.

304

Iliad, 20.

305

Iliad, 21.

306

Iliad, 22, 350.

307

Iliad, 23.

308

Iliad, 24, 15.

309

Iliad, 24, 330-804.

310

Iliad, 24, 804 (Pope's translation).

AMAZON

311

§ 128.

312

Pausanias, 5, 11, § 2; and Sophocles, Philoctetes, 445.

313

Virgil, Æneid, 6, 57.

314

Statius, Achilleid, 1, 269.

315

Sophocles, Ajax.

316

See Commentary.

317

Servius Honoratus, Commentary on Æneid (3, 402). According to Sophocles (Philoctetes), the wound was occasioned by the bite of a serpent that guarded the shrine of the nymph Chryse, on an islet of the same name near Lemnos.

318

Virgil, Æneid, 2.

319

Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes.– Æneid. 2, 49.

320

Byron, Childe Harold.

321

Hecuba's exclamation, "Not such aid nor such defenders does the time require," has become proverbial.

Non tali auxilio nec defensoribus istisTempus eget.– Æneid, 2, 521.

322

Euripides, – Troades, Hecuba, Andromache.

323

According to Euripides (Helen), and Stesichorus, it was a semblance of Helen that Paris won; the real Helen went to Egypt.

324

Dyer, The Fleece.

325

Milton, Comus.

326

Æschylus, Agamemnon.

327

Æschylus, Choëphori; Sophocles, Electra; Euripides, – Electra, Orestes.

328

Æschylus, Eumenides.

329

Euripides, Iphigenia among the Tauri.

330

Sonnet by Andrew Lang.

331

For the authorship of the Odyssey, see § 298 (3); and for translations, see corresponding section of the Commentary.

332

Odyssey, 9.

333

§ 141.

334

Odyssey, 10.

335

From Austin Dobson's Prayer of the Swine to Circe.

336

Odyssey, 10; adapted from Butcher and Lang's translation. So the following from Odyssey, 11.

337

Odyssey, 12.

338

Incidit in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim.

339

Odyssey, 1, 10.

340

Odyssey, 5, 64 (Cowper's translation).

341

Odyssey, 6.

342

Odyssey, 7.

343

Andrew Lang, A Song of Phæacia.

344

Odyssey, 8.

345

Odyssey, 13.

346

Stephen Phillips, Ulysses.

347

Odyssey, 14.

348

Odyssey, 15.

349

Odyssey 16, 212 (Cowper's translation).

350

Odyssey, 17, 290 (Cowper's translation).

351

Odyssey, 19.

352

Odyssey, 21.

353

Odyssey, 22.

354

From Tennyson's To Virgil.

355

For Virgil, see § 299; for translations of his Æneid, see corresponding section in Commentary.

356

Monstrum horrendum, informe, ingens, cui lumen ademptum.– Æneid, 3, 658.

357

Tantaene animis coelestibus irae?– Æneid, 1, 11.

358

Haud ignara mali, miseris succurrere disco.– Æneid, 1, 630.

359

Tros Tyriusve mihi nullo discrimine agetur.– Æneid, 1, 574.

360

Tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito.– Æneid, 6, 95.

361

Facilis descensus Averno;Noctes atque dies patet atri janua Ditis;Sed revocare gradum, superasque evadere ad auras,Hoc opus, hic labor est.– Æneid, 6, 126-129.

362

The poet here inserts a famous line which is thought to imitate in its sound the galloping of horses: Quadrupedante putrem sonitu quatit ungula campum. – Æneid, 8, 596.

363

Sternitur infelix alieno volnere, caelumqueAspicit, et dulcis moriens reminiscitur Argos.– Æneid 10, 781.

NIKE OF BRESCIA

364

For Records of Norse Mythology, see § 300, and Commentary, §§ 268, 282, and 300.

365

Gray's ode, The Fatal Sisters, is founded on this superstition.

366

From Matthew Arnold's Balder Dead.

367

From Matthew Arnold's Balder Dead.

368

From Matthew Arnold's Balder Dead.

369

For the Sagas, see § 300; and for translations, etc., see § 282 of the Commentary.

370

The extracts in verse are from William Morris' Sigurd the Volsung.

371

For Records of German Mythology, see § 301, below; for literature and translations, see §§ 283 and 301 of the Commentary.

372

The extracts in verse are, unless otherwise stated, from the translation by W. N. Lettsom, London, 1890. Werner Hahn's Uebersetzung has also been used.

373

From Carlyle's translation of fragments of the poem.

374

For the translations of the Ring, especially the verse, I am indebted to the edition of Frederick Jameson (Schott & Co., London).

375

Myths and Myth-Makers, p. 18. Proper nouns have been anglicized.

376

Ruskin, Queen of the Air.

377

See Max Müller's Chips from a German Workshop, Science of Religion, etc.; Cox's Aryan Myths, and numerous articles by the learned authors of Roscher's Ausführliches Lexikon.

378

Max Müller, Essay on Comparative Mythology, Oxford Essays, 1856; Science of Religion, 2, 548 n.

379

Andrew Lang, Myth, Ritual, and Religion, 1, 24-25, and Professor C. P. Tiele, as cited by Lang.

380

W. E. Gladstone, Homer and the Homeric Age; Juventus Mundi; The Olympian Religion, North American Review, Feb. – May, 1892.

381

Andrew Lang, Myth, Ritual, and Religion, 2 vols., London, 1887; and Encyc. Brit., 9th ed., article, Mythology. Mannhardt, Antike Wald-und Feldkultus, Berlin, 1877. E. B. Tylor, Anthropology; Primitive Culture.

382

Encyc. Brit., Mythology.

383

Chr. A. Lobeck, Aglaophamus: On the Causes of Greek Mythology. Cited by Lang.

384

Excursion, Bk. 4.

385

Concerning which may be accepted the verdict that Mr. Ruskin passes upon Payne Knight's Symbolical Language of Ancient Art, "Not trustworthy, being little more than a mass of conjectural memoranda; but the heap is suggestive, if well sifted."

386

E. B. Tylor, Anthropology, p. 387. New York, 1881.

387

See also L. Preller, Griechische Mythologie, 1, 19. Max Müller, Comparative Mythology, Oxford Essays, 1856, pp. 1-87; also Science of Religion, 1873, pp. 335-403; Philosophy of Mythology; and Science of Language, 7th ed., 2, 421-571. Hermann Paul, Grundriss der Germanischen Philologie, Bd. 1, Lfg. 5, 982-995, Mythologie (von E. Mogk). W. Y. Sellar, Augustan Poets. Louis Dyer, Studies of the Gods in Greece. Talfourd Ely, Olympus. A. H. Petiscus, The Gods of Olympus (translated by Katherine A. Raleigh). E. Rohde, Psyche. B. I. Wheeler, Dionysos and Immortality.

388

Benfey and Cosquin. See Lang's Myth, Ritual, and Religion, 2, 299.

389

Lang, Myth, Ritual, and Religion, 2, 300; Cox, Mythology of the Aryan Nations, 1, 100.

390

The Rev. Sir G. W. Cox, Mythology of Aryan Nations, 1, 99; also, same theory, Max Müller's Chips from a German Workshop; Andrew Lang, Myth, Ritual, and Religion, 2, 297.

391

Encyc. Brit., 9th ed. Article, Mythology. Cf. Tylor's Primitive Culture, 1, 369; Tylor's Anthropology, p. 397.

392

See T. C. Johnston's Did the Phœnicians Discover America? 1892.

393

Odyssey 8, 250.

394

Cf. the experience of Sigurd.

395

Il Penseroso, II. 103-108.

396

Faerie Queene, 4, 11, 23.

397

See E. B. Clapp, Greek Morality and Religion as Set forth by Pindar (Hibbert Journal, 8, 283).

398

For other authorities and for a few standard translations of the Greek Classics, see Commentary, § 298.

399

With regard to translations of these and other Latin poets, see Commentary, § 299.

400

Based upon Lucian's Lucius or the Ass, and other Greek stories.

401

Translation in Walter Pater's Marius the Epicurean.

402

For literature, see Commentary.

403

Cleasby and Vigfusson's Icelandic-English Dictionary.

404

F. W. Horn's Geschichte d. Literatur d. Skandinavischen Nordens, 27-42.

405

Cleasby and Vigfusson's Dictionary; Lüning's Die Edda, 1859.

406

The Lay of Rig in Snorri's Edda; Vigfusson and Powell's Corpus Poeticum Boreale, 2, 514.

407

Jacob Grimm.

408

The Celtic aideadh: Professor Rhys, Academy, January 31, 1880.

409

Arne Magnússon, see Morley's English Writers, 2, 336, and Murray's New English Dictionary.

410

Corpus Poeticum Boreale, 1; xxvii, etc.

411

Corpus Poeticum Boreale, 1; lxxi; lxiii-lxiv.

412

For literature, see Commentary.

413

Paul's Grundriss d. Germanischen Philologie: Bd. 1, Lfg. 5, Mythologie.

414

Morris and Magnusson's The Story of the Volsungs and Nibelungs. Horn's Geschichte d. Literatur d. Skandinavischen Nordens, 27-42, 58, etc.

415

Werner Hahn, Das Nibelungenlied.

416

The Grimm Brothers; v. d. Hagen; Vilmar.

417

Werner Hahn; Jas. Sime, Encyc. Brit. Nibelungenlied.

418

Pfeiffer.

419

Bartsch, see Encyc. Brit.

420

Werner Hahn, 18, 58-60.

421

For translations of Oriental Myths, see Commentary. For mythical personages, see Index and Dictionary.

422

For assistance in collecting references to English poetry the author is indebted to Miss M. B. Clayes, a graduate of the University of California.

423

Popular etymology. The suffix īon is patronymic.

424

Popular etymology. The root of the name indicates Fire-god.

425

For Latin names, see Index or Chapters II-V.

426

The Olympian Religion (No. Am. Rev. May, 1892). See his Juventus Mundi.

427

Furtwängler (Meisterw. d. gr. Plastik) condemns the ægis.

428

This dawn theory is certainly far-fetched.