Military Manners and Customs

269

‘Christianis licet ex mandato magistratus arma portare et justa bella administrare.’

270

Policy of War a True Defence of Peace, 1543.

271

Pallas Armata, 369, 1683.

272

In his treatise Du droit de la guerre.

273

L’Esprit, i. 562.

274

Strafgesetzbuch, Jan. 20, 1872, 15, 75, 150.

275

Fleming’s Volkommene Teutsche Soldat, 96.

276

Benet’s United States Articles of War, 391.

277

Grose, ii. 199.

278

See Turner’s Pallas Armata, 349, for these and similar military tortures.

279

Crichton’s Scandinavia, i. 168.

280

Grose, ii. 6.

281

Sir S. Scott’s History of the British Army, ii. 436.

282

ii. 16. ‘Omnes autem signarii vel signiferi quamvis pedites loricas minores accipiebant, et galeas ad terrorem hostium ursinis pellibus tectas.’

283

Scott, ii. 9.

284

Scott, i. 311.

285

Said to have been invented about 400 B.C. by Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse.

286

Mitchell’s Biographies of Eminent Soldiers, 208, 287.

287

Compare article 14 of the German Strafgesetzbuch of January 20, 1872.

288

Nineteenth Century, November 1882: ‘The Present State of the Army.’

289

De Re Militari, vi. 5.

290

Bruce’s Military Law (1717), 254.

291

See Fleming’s Teutsche Soldat, ch. 29.

292

See the War Articles for 1673, 1749, 1794.

293

82.

294

Quintus Curtius, viii. 2.

295

Military Law, 163.

296

286, 290.

297

Despatches, iii. 302, June 17, 1809.

298

Compare also Despatches, iv. 457; v. 583, 704, 5.

299

China War, 225.

300

Scott’s British Army, ii. 411.

301

Wellington’s Despatches, v. 705.

302

See Windham’s Speech in the House of Commons. April 3, 1806.

303

Ibid.

304

P. 122.

305

Fleming, 109.

306

Preface to b. iii. ‘Ergo qui desiderat pacem, præparet bellum.’

307

Lord Wolseley’s Soldier’s Pocket Book, 5.

308

Arbousset’s Exploratory Tour, 397-9.

309

Livy, xl. 6.

310

Iliad, vi. 266-8; and comp. Æneid, ii. 717-20.

311

Casalis’s Basutos, 258.

312

Victor Hugo’s L’Ane, 124.

313

Baillat’s Vie de Descartes, i. 41.

314

ii. 25, 9, 1. ‘Tanto carnifice detestabiliores quanto pejus est sine causâ quam ex causâ occidere.’

315

Ibid. 2. ‘Nullum vitæ genus est improbius quam eorum qui sine causæ respectu mercede conducti militant, et quibus ibi fas ubi plurima merces.’ Both the sentiment and the expression are borrowed from Lucan’s Pharsalia, x. 408: ‘Nulla fides pietasque viris qui castra sequuntur Venalesque manus; ibi fas ubi plurima merces.’

316

364.

317

Potter’s Greek Antiquities, ii. 9.

318

Henry’s Britain, iii. 5, 1; Grose i. 56.

319

Grose, i. 58.

320

Ibid., i. 67.

321

Parliamentary Debates, May 24, 1756.

322

Sir S. Scott’s British Army, ii. 333.

323

N. Bacon’s Notes to Selden’s Laws, ii. 60.

324

Candide, c. xx.

325

Alison’s Europe, vi. 491.

326

Life of Sir C. Napier, i. 77.

327

Military Law, 17.

328

Keppel’s Life, by T. Keppel, ii. 1.

329

Indian Expedition, ix.

330

Livy, 39, 3; 42, 21; 43, 5.

331

Livy, xlv. 22. ‘Certe quidem vos estis Romani, qui ideo felicia bella vestra esse, quia justa sint, præ vobis fertis, nec tam exitu eorum, quod vincatis, quam principiis quod non sine causâ suscipiatis, gloriamini.’

332

De Civitate Dei, iv. 4 and 6.

333

Arbre des Batailles, quoted in Kennedy’s Influence of Christianity on International Law.

334

Petitot, xvi. 137.

335

III. 65. ‘Cavendo ne metuant, homines metuendos ultro se efficiunt, et injuriam ab nobis repulsam, tamquam aut facere aut pati necesse sit, injungimus aliis.’

68

Nicolas, ii. 341.

69

Nicolas, ii. 405.