The Old Riddle and the Newest Answer

264

"Succession of Life on Earth." (Half-hour Recreations, 2nd Series, p. 329.)

265

Essays and Addresses, Owen's College, Manchester, p. 220, note.

266

See note, p. 238.

267

"Geological Contemporaneity," 1862. (Lay Sermons, p. 222.)

268

"Palæontology and Evolution," 1876. (Critiques and Addresses, p. 182.)

269

P. 187.

270

P. 192.

271

Genealogy of Animals.

272

Natural History of Creation.

273

Le Transformisme, pp. 337-340.

274

Lectures on Evolution, New York, 1876. Cheap Edition, p. 43.

275

Coming of Age of the Origin of Species, etc.

276

Essays on Controverted Questions, p. 450.

277

"Utebatur autem equo insigni, pedibus prope humanis, et in modum digitorum ungulis fissis; quem natum apud se, cum haruspices imperium orbis terrae significare domino pronuntiassent, magna cura aluit." (Suetonius, Julius, 61.)

278

The radius and ulna are the two bones of the forearm above the wrist; the tibia and fibula the corresponding bones of the leg above the ankle. In the horse, the ulna and fibula are almost, but not quite, lost.

279

Animals and plants are placed in different species when the differences between them are only relative; in different genera, when such differences are absolute. Thus, for example, the size of teeth is considered relative; the number of teeth absolute.

280

American Journal of Science and Arts, 3rd Series, vol. 43 (1892), p. 351.

281

Modern Ideas of Evolution, p. 119.

282

Types of Animal Life, 205.

283

Nicholson and Lydekker's Manual of Palæontology, ii. 1362.

284

Origin of Species, c. xi.

285

Lydekker, p. 1361.

286

Evolution of the Horse, 12.

287

"Succession of Life on Earth" (Recreations in Popular Science, 2nd Series, p. 339).

288

British Museum (Nat. Hist.) Guide to fossil mammals and birds, p. 38.

289

American Journal of Science and Art, 3rd Series, vol. 43 (1892), p. 351.

290

The Evolution of the Horse, p. 16.

291

Lydekker, ut sup. p. 1363.

292

Sir W. Flower, The Horse, p. 74.

293

"It is a consequence of the theory of Natural Selection that identity of structure involves community of descent; a given result can only be arrived at through a given sequence of events; the same morphological goal cannot be reached by two independent paths." Milnes Marshall, Biological Lectures, 247.

294

Origin of Species, c. xi. "Geological Succession of Organic Beings."

295

Tablet, April 21, 1888, p. 637.

296

Catalogue of Mammals, etc., ut sup. p. 38.

297

Chain of Life, p. 222.

298

Les Enchainements du Monde Animal … Mammifères Tertiaires.

299

Chain of Life, 227.

300

It is the "fingers" of the bat's "hand" which support the wing membrane. Hence the scientific name Cheiroptera.

301

E.g. Dinotherium giganteum and Elephas meridionalis. (Vid. Gaudry, op. cit. 169.)

302

Lecture at Royal Institution, January 2, 1904.

303

A remarkable instance of the need of caution is furnished by the history of the Dinotherium itself. From the teeth, first found, Cuvier set down the animal as a monster Tapir. Then, a whole skull being discovered, Herr Kaup of Darmstadt, commenting upon the danger of such a proceeding, himself classed the beast among the Edentata (Sloths, etc.), and afterwards among the Hippopotami. Buckland and Strauss thought it must have been an aquatic creature; Blainville and Pictet labelled it a Manatee, or sea-cow. (Vid. Gaudry, op. cit. 187-9.)

304

Op. cit. p. 191.

305

Milnes Marshall, Lectures on Darwinian Theory, p. 66.

306

See Appendix C. p. 285.

307

Modern Ideas of Evolution, c. iv.

308

"Primeval Vegetation in its relation to the Doctrine of Natural Selection and Evolution." (Essays and Addresses, Owen's College, Manchester, p. 200.)

309

History of Creation, ii. 92, English Edition.

310

Ibid., p. 295.

311

Les Emules de Darwin, ii. 76.

312

As an instance M. de Quatrefages cites Haeckel's own words, from his Anthropogenie. "The Vertebrate Ancestor No. 15, akin to the Salamanders, must have been a species of Saurian (Lizard). There remains to us no fossil relic of this animal; in no respect did he resemble any form actually existing. Nevertheless, comparative anatomy and ontogeny authorize us in affirming that he once existed. We will call this animal Protamnion."

313

Ibid., p. 122.

314

Revue Scientifique (1886), p. 486.

315

Ibid. (1877), I. 1101.

316

Origin of Species, c. x.

317

Genesis of Species, p. 134.

318

Le monde des plantes avant l'apparition de l'homme, p. vi.

319

Op. cit., p. 288.

320

Life of Darwin, ii. 193.

321

Epistle I – to Pope.

322

Hibbert Journal, January, 1903.

323

Order of Nature, p. 239.

324

Thoughts on Religion, p. 123.

325

Presidential Address, British Association, 1871.

326

Système Analytique des Connaissances positives de l'homme (1830), pp. 8, 43.

327

North American Slime Moulds, Introduction, p. II.

328

Bloud's Science et Religion, No. 431, pp. 50, seq.

329

Traité de Microbiologie, I., p. 253. Also the Magazine Broteria (Lisbon), Vol. vi., 1907, Botany, p. 23.

330

See Nature, June 4, 1903, p. 113, in notice of a paper on the subject by Professor F. W. Oliver and Dr. D. H. Scott, F.R.S.

331

Linnean Society's Proceedings, May 3, 1906.

332

See the Congress Report, vol. iv.

333

Transactions American Philosophical Society (N.S.), 18, 1896, pp. 119, 120.

334

The Origin and Influence of the Thorough-bred Horse. Cambridge, 1905.