Woman under Monasticism

266

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Hackness,’ vol. 3, p. 633.

267

Bede, Eccles. History, bk 4, ch. 23.

268

Dictionary of Nat. Biography, article ‘Caedmon’ by Henry Bradley.

269

Bede, Eccles. History, bk 4, ch. 24, transl. Gidley, 1870.

270

Haigh, D. H., ‘On the monasteries of St Heiu and St Hild,’ Yorksh. Archaeolog. Journal, vol. 3, p. 370. I do not know on what authority Haigh designates Heiu as saint.

271

Gray, de Birch, Fasti Monastici Aevi Saxonici, 1872, p. 15.

272

Comp. below, p. 106.

273

Charlton, L., History of Whitby, 1779, p. 33.

274

Raine, Historians of the Church of York, Rolls series, vol. 1, Preface p. xxvii. This volume contains reprints of several accounts of the life of Wilfrith, including the one by Eddi.

275

A. SS. Boll., St Withburga, March 17; Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘East Dereham,’ vol. 2, p. 176.

276

Haigh, D. H., ‘On the monasteries of St Heiu and St Hild,’ Yorkshire Archaeol. Journal, vol. 3, p. 352, decides in favour of Aethelric.

277

Bright, W., Early English Church History, 1878, p. 235.

278

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Coldingham,’ vol. 6, p. 149. The promontory of St Abb’s Head retains her name. She is believed to have founded another religious settlement at a place in Durham on the river Derwent called Ebbchester, and the village church there is dedicated to her (Dict. of Nat. Biog.).

279

Bede, Eccles. History, bk 4, ch. 19.

280

A. SS. Boll., St Etheldreda June 23, Thomas of Ely, Vita ch. 41.

281

Bright, W., Early English Church History, 1878, p. 252 footnote.

282

Bede, Eccles. History, bk 4, ch. 19.

283

Kalendre of the newe Legende of Englande, printed 1516 (Pynson) fol. 39 b.

284

Bede, Eccles. History, bk 4, ch. 19.

285

Dictionary of National Biography, ‘Etheldreda, Saint.’

286

Bentham, History of Ely, 1817, p. 9.

287

Gocelinus, Vita St Wereburgae (in Migne, Patrol. Cursus Compl. vol. 155).

288

Stanton, R., Menology of England and Wales, 1887, p. 49, calls it Weedon in Northamptonshire; Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Wedon,’ vol. 6, p. 1051, doubts its existence.

289

Life of St Werburgh, 1521, reprinted for the Early Engl. Text Soc., 1887.

290

Stanton, R., Menology of England and Wales, 1887, p. 49.

291

Livien, E. ‘On early religious houses in Staffordshire,’ Journal of the British Archaeolog. Assoc., vol. 29, p. 329. (The widespread cult of St Werburg may be due to there having been several saints of this name; comp. Stanton, R., Menology.)

292

Eddi, Vita, c. 34 (in Raine, Historians of the Church of York, Rolls series).

293

Bright, W., Early English Church History, 1878, p. 300, casts discredit on this story, which is told by Eddi, Vita, c. 38.

294

Bright, W., Early English Church History, 1878, pp. 301 ff.

295

Hardy, Th. D., Descriptive Catalogue of Materials, 1862, vol. 1, pp. 297 ff.

296

Bede, Life of St Cuthbert, ch. 10.

297

Bede, Eccles. History, bk 4, ch. 25.

298

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle gives 679 as the date of the fire; Eddi’s account represents Aebbe as alive in 681. Perhaps she died in 680; comp. Smith and Wace, Dictionary of Christian Biography, 1877, Ebba, nr 1; also Bright, W., Early English Church History, 1878, p. 300, footnote.

299

Bright, W., ibid., p. 255, footnote.

300

Hardy, Th. D., Descriptive Catalogue of Materials, 1862, vol. 1, p. 312.

301

Bede, Life of St Cuthbert, ch. 23.

302

Bede, Life of St Cuthbert, ch. 34.

303

Ibid., ch. 24.

304

Psalm lxxxix. 10 (The Vulgate here follows the LXX.; it would be interesting to know what sense they or indeed Bede gave to the passage).

305

Eccles. xi. 8.

306

Bede, Eccles. Hist., bk 4, ch. 26.

307

Eddi, Vita, c. 43.

308

Bright, W., Early English History, 1878, p. 448, from 686-691.

309

Haigh, D. H., ‘On the monasteries of St Heiu and St Hild,’ Yorksh. Archaeol. Journal, vol. 3, p. 375.

310

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Peterborough,’ vol. 1, p. 377, nr 2, prints the charter.

311

Gough, R., Parochial History of Castor, 1819, p. 99.

312

‘Cum beatissimis sororibus meis Kyneburga et Kyneswida, quarum prior regina mutavit imperium in Christi ancillarum praesidens monasterio … etc.’

313

Hardy, Th. D., Descriptive Catalogue of Materials, 1862, vol. 1, p. 370.

314

A. SS. Boll., St Kineburga et St Kineswitha, virgines, March 6, argue the existence of a third sister.

315

Camden, Britannia, edit. 1789, vol. 2, pp. 219, 223.

316

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Repton,’ vol. 6, p. 429; the abbesses he mentions should stand in this order: Alfritha, Edburga.

317

Haddon and Stubbs, Councils and Eccles. Documents, 1869, vol. 3, p. 273.

318

Ibid., vol. 3, p. 274.

319

Birch, W. de Gray, Memorials of St Guthlac of Crowland, 1881.

320

A. SS. Boll., St Guthlac, April 11; Felix, Vita, c. 12.

321

Felix, Vita, c. 33.

322

Ibid., ‘Egburgh abbatissa, Aldulfi regis filia’; Smith and Wace, Dictionary of Christian Biography, 1877, call her ‘Eadburga (nr 3)’; two abbesses Ecgburh occur in the Durham list of abbesses, comp. Gray, W. de Birch, Fasti Monastici Aevi Saxonici, 1872, p. 70.

323

Comp. below, ch. 4, § 1.

324

Holdich, B., History of Crowland Abbey, 1816, p. 2.

325

Gray, W. de Birch, Memorials of St Guthlac of Crowland, 1881, Introd. p. l, footnote.

326

Brit. Mus. MS. Harleian Roll, Y 6, reproduced Gray, W. de Birch, Memorials of St Guthlac of Crowland, 1881, pp. 14, 16, etc.

327

Goodwin, C. W., The Anglo-Saxon version of the life of St Guthlac, 1848, p. 93.

328

A. SS. Boll., St Pega sive Pegia, Jan. 8.

329

A. SS. Boll., St Ositha, Oct. 7.

330

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Chich Priory,’ vol. 6, p. 308.

331

Hardy, Th. D., Descriptive Catalogue of Materials, vol. 1, pp. 524 ff.

332

A. SS. Boll., St Frideswida, Oct. 19; Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Christ Church,’ vol. 2, p. 134.

333

Dictionary of National Biography, Frideswide.

334

Stanton, R., Menology of England and Wales, 1887, p. 137: ‘we have no records of Osburg till 1410.’

335

Ibid., p. 310: ‘there is much obscurity in the history of St Modwenna. It seems that she must be distinguished from one or perhaps two other Irish saints…’ Also Livien, E., ‘On early religious houses in Staffordshire’ in Journal of the British Archaeol. Association, vol. 29, p. 333; Hardy, Th. D., Descriptive Catalogue of Materials, pp. 94 ff.

336

Stanton, R., Menology of England and Wales, 1887, p. 328.

337

Bede, Eccles. Hist., bk 4, chs. 7-10.

338

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Barking,’ vol. 1, p. 436.

339

A. SS. Boll., St Ethelburga, Oct. 11; Stanton, R., Menology of England and Wales, p. 485.

340

Stanton, R., Menology, calls her Theorigitha but says, p. 36, that she has no day.

341

A. SS. Boll., St Hildelitha, March 24.

342

Bede, Eccles. Hist., bk 5, ch. 18.

343

Capgrave, T., Catalogus SS. Angliae, 1516, fol. 10, b.

344

Monumenta Moguntina, edit. Jaffé, Epist. nr 2, written between 675 and 705; Giles (Aldhelm, Opera Omnia, 1844, p. 90) calls her Osgith, a name which occurs several times in the Durham ‘Liber Vitae.’

345

Aldhelm, Opera, edit. Giles, 1844, p. 103.

346

Ibid., p. 115, De Basilica, etc.

347

Ibid., p. 135, De Laudibus Virginum (it is not known over which house Maxima presided); p. 203, De octo Principalibus Vitiis.

348

Ibid., p. 1, De Laudibus Virginitatis (chapter references in the text are to this edition).

349

Mediaeval exegesis interpreted in these four ways, comp. Cassian Erem., De Spiritu Sc., c. 8.

350

I take ‘crustu’ to go with ‘crusta,’ comp. Ducange.

351

Monumenta Moguntina, edit. Jaffé, Epist. nr 70.

352

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Sherbourne,’ vol. 1, p. 331, footnote K.

353

Will. of Malmesbury, History, c. 31.

354

Dict. of Nat. Biography, ‘Aldhelm.’

355

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Wimbourne,’ vol. 2, p. 88.

356

A. SS. Boll., St Cuthberga, Aug. 31.

357

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Wimbourne,’ vol. 2, p. 88.

358

Opera edit. Giles, 1844, p. 216; Dict. of Nat. Biog., ‘Aldfrith,’ he is sometimes called Alfred.

359

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Wimbourne,’ vol. 2, p. 89, nr 2.

360

Brit. Mus. MSS. Lansdowne, 436 f., 38 b.

361

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Tetbury,’ vol. 6, p. 1619.

362

A. SS. Boll., St Lioba, Sept. 28, c. 2.

363

Arndt, W., Introd. to translation into German (in Pertz, Geschichtsschreiber der deutschen Vorzeit, Jahrhundert 8, Band 2), p. xix.

364

Epist. nr 12. The only edition of the letters of Boniface which attempts chronological order is that of Jaffé, Ph., Monumenta Moguntina, 1866, the numeration of which I have followed. Additional remarks on the dates of some of the letters are contained in Hahn, H., Bonifaz und Lull, ihre angelsächsischen Correspondenten, 1883.

365

Willibaldus presb., Vita Bonifacii, edit. Jaffé, Ph., Monumenta Moguntina, 1866, pp. 422-506, c. 2.

366

Whether Eadburg of Thanet is identical with St Eadburga buried at Liming (comp. p. 84), is uncertain.

367

Epist. nr 10.

368

Epist. nr 112.

369

Epist. nr 32, written 735 (Jaffé); after 732 (Hahn).

370

Epist. nr 75.

371

Epist. nr 31.

372

Epist. nr 62.

373

Epist. nr 76.

374

Epist. nr 22, written 722 (Jaffé).

375

Epist. nr 39.

376

Epist. nr 46.

377

Epist. nr 72, 2 Cor. vii. 5.

378

Epist. nr 73.

379

Comp. Ps. cxix. 105.

380

Epist. nr 87.

381

Epist. nr 8; written between 709 and 712 (Hahn). Boniface is known to have travelled in the district of the Mosel; there is no other reason why this letter should be included in the correspondence.

382

John xv. 12.

383

Epist. nr 59; written 745 (Hahn).

384

Epist. nr 60.

385

Epist. nr 61.

386

Epist. nr 70; written after 748 (Hahn).