Memoirs of the Duchesse de Dino (Afterwards Duchesse de Talleyrand et de Sagan), 1836-1840

SCHWARZENBERG, Charles Philippe, Prince of (1771-1820). First a soldier and then Austrian Ambassador at Paris. He negotiated the marriage of Napoleon with the Archduchess Maria Louisa. On the occasion of this marriage, in 1810, he gave a large ball, which had a fatal conclusion owing to a fire at the Embassy, when his wife perished in the flames.

SCHWEINITZ, Countess of (1799-1854). Fräulein Dullack, married, in 1832, Count Hans Hermann of Schweinitz and became, in 1840, chief lady at the Court of Princess William of Prussia, by birth the Princess of Saxe-Weimar.

SÉBASTIANI DE LA PORTA, Marshal* (1775-1851). Ambassador at Constantinople, Naples, and London.

SÉBASTIANI, wife of the foregoing, died in 1842. A daughter of the Duc de Gramont. She had become an émigré at the age of sixteen with the Bourbons. Her first husband had been General Davidow, whom she married at Milan, and her second husband was General Sébastiani, whose second wife she was.

SÉGUR, the Comtesse de (1779-1847). Félicité d'Aguesseau, sole heiress of the last Marquis of this name, she married Count Octave de Ségur, major on the Staff of the Royal Guard, who died in 1818.

SÉMONVILLE, the Marquis de* (1754-1839). Chief referendary of the Court of Peers.

SERCEY, the Marquis de (1753-1856). Pierre César Charles Guillaume de Sercey was a very distinguished sailor. On the return of the Bourbons, in 1814, he was commissioned to treat with England for the exchange of the French prisoners. He was then appointed Vice-Admiral and entered the Chamber of Peers.

SÉVIGNÉ, the Marquise de* (1626-1696). One of the most distinguished ladies at the Court of Louis XIV. and author of remarkable letters.

SFORZA, Ludovico (1451-1508). Known as the Moor, he was the opponent of the House of Aragon in Italy, and summoned Charles VIII. there in 1494. After betraying the French he was attacked by Louis XII., who deprived him of his states and forced him to flee into Germany. The unpopularity of Trivulzo in the Duchy of Milan allowed Sforza to reconquer that province, but in 1500 he was defeated and captured at Novaro by the French. He was imprisoned at Loches, and died ten years later.

SIDNEY, Lady Sophia,* died in 1837. Countess of Isle and of Dudley, fifth child of William IV. of England and of Mrs. Jordan.

SIEYÈS, the Abbé (1748-1836). Vicar-General of Chartres and politician during the Revolution.

SIGALON, Xavier (1790-1837). Historical painter. He was commissioned by the Government in 1833 to go to Rome and copy Michael Angelo's fresco of the Last Judgment. This magnificent reproduction, a tenth less in size than the original, is at the School of Fine Arts in Paris.

SIMÉON, the Comte Joseph Balthazar (1781-1846). Master of requests at the Council of State and Peer of France in 1835; he had strong artistic tastes.

SOLMS-SONNENWALD, Count William Theodore of (1787-1859). Cavalry captain and Chamberlain, son of the Countess Ompteda by her first marriage.

SOLMS-SONNENWALD, the Countess of, born in 1790. By name, Clementina, daughter of the Count of Bressler.

SOPHIA, the Archduchess (1805-1872). Daughter of King Maximilian of Bavaria. She married, in 1824, the Archduke Francis, and was the mother of the Emperor Francis Joseph I.

SOULT, Marshal* (1769-1852). One of the most famous soldiers of the Empire and a Minister under Louis-Philippe.

STACKELBERG, Count Gustavus of, Privy Councillor and Chamberlain to the Emperor Alexander I. He became Russian Ambassador and took part in the Congress of Vienna in 1815. In 1805 he married Mlle. Caroline de Ludolf, daughter of the Ambassador of Naples at St. Petersburg.

STACKELBERG, the Countess of (1785-1868). Née Caroline de Ludolf, she married Count Stackelberg in 1805; when she was left a widow she settled at Paris.

STANLEY, Lady. Henrietta Maria, daughter of Viscount Dillon, married in Italy, in 1826, Sir Edward John Stanley, member of the English Parliament.

STOPFORD, Robert (1768-1847). An English Admiral who became famous in the chief naval campaigns of the Revolution and the Empire. In 1840 he bombarded Saint Jean d'Acre.

STROGONOFF, Countess Julia. She had married a Spaniard, the Count of Ega, with whom she lived at Madrid, when she made the acquaintance of Count Gregory Strogonoff, who carried her off and married her. She was well received in St. Petersburg society, but owing to her false position, she could not obtain for a long time the Order of St. Catherine, which was her great ambition. She died at an advanced age between 1860 and 1870, after carefully tending her husband, who had become blind.

STURMFEDER, Frau von (1819-1891). Camilla Wilhelmena of Münchingen had married the Baron of Sturmfeder and of Oppenweiller, and was Chief Lady at the Court of the Grand Duchess Stephanie of Baden.

SUTHERLAND, the Duchess of,* died in 1868. Née Lady Carlisle. She was mistress of the robes to Queen Victoria.

SYRACUSE, the Comte de (1813-1860). Léopold de Bourbon, son of Francis I., King of Naples and of Maria Isabella of Spain. He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General, though he never received any command.

SYRACUSE, the Countess of (1814-1874). See Carignan, Philiberte de.

T

TALARU, the Marquis de (1769-1850). M. de Talaru, on the return from exile in 1815, was called to the Peerage and became French Ambassador at Madrid in 1823. In 1825 he was Minister of State and a member of the Privy Council of Charles X., but went into retirement upon the Revolution of 1830. He had married Mlle. de Rosière-Saraus, widow of the Count of Clermont-Tonnerre, by whom he had no children, so that the house of Tonnerre became extinct with him.

TALLEYRAND-PÉRIGORD, Cardinal of* (1736-1821). Alexandre Angélique, second son of Daniel de Talleyrand-Périgord, was Archbishop of Reims in 1777 and of Paris in 1817.

TALLEYRAND, Charles Maurice, Prince de* (1754-1838). Prince of Benevento. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs, High Chamberlain of France, member of the Institute and Ambassador. He had abandoned the church into which he had been forced to enter, and was one of the best politicians of his time.

TALLEYRAND, the Princesse de* (1762-1835). Née Catharine Werlée, of English origin, she went through a civil marriage in 1802 with the Prince de Talleyrand, by the order of the Emperor Napoleon, a marriage which was immediately dissolved.

TALLEYRAND, the Duc de (1762-1838). Known as le bel Archambaud. He married in 1779 Mlle. Sabine de Senozan de Viriville, who was executed in 1793 during the Revolution.

TALLEYRAND, the Comte Anatole de, died in 1838. Son of Baron Augustin de Talleyrand and of Adélaide de Montigny.

TASCHERAU, M. (1801-1874). A French deputy. He first studied law; some interesting publications gained him a great reputation among scholars; he became chief administrator of the Imperial Library upon its reorganisation.

TATITCHEFF, Demetrius Paulowitch de (1769-1845). A Russian diplomatist. Minister at Madrid in 1815, then at Vienna where he remained until 1845. He then became Councillor of State and Lord Chamberlain to the Emperor Nicholas.

TAURY, the Abbé Francois Louis (1791-1859). Priest of Chauvigny; he was selected in 1832 by the Abbé Tournet, founder of the community of the Sisters of Saint Andrew, to succeed him as Superior General of that community. In 1845 he was appointed Vicar-General at Niort. He died of an apoplectic stroke when he was descending from the pulpit and about to celebrate Mass.

TAYLOR, Sir Herbert* (1775-1839). Private Secretary to King George III., George IV., and William IV. of England.

THERESA, the Archduchess (1816-1867). Daughter of the Archduke Charles and of the Princess of Nassau Weilburg. The Archduchess Theresa became the second wife of Frederick II., King of Naples, who married her in 1837.

THIARD DE BUSSY, the Comte de* (1772-1852). French Marshal, liberal deputy, appointed French Minister of Switzerland in 1848.

THIERRY, Augustin (1795-1856). Famous French historian; author of "Letters on the History of France," and "Narratives of Merovingian Times."

THIERS, Adolphe* (1797-1877). French statesman and historian.

THIERS, Mme.* (1815-1880). Elise Dosne, daughter of the stockbroker.

THORWALDSEN, Barthélemy* (1769-1844). Famous Danish sculptor.

TOCQUEVILLE, Comte Alexis de (1805-1859). Member of the Chamber of Deputies under Louis-Philippe where he supported the Opposition. On the coup d'état of December 2, he joined the representatives who signed the act of accusation against Louis Bonaparte and was imprisoned at Vincennes. He was released a short time afterwards and returned to private life. He was the author of "Democracy in America," and of the Ancien Régime.

TORENO, the Count of* (1786-1843). Spanish statesman, deputy in the Cortes and several times Minister.

TOUR ET TAXIS, the Princesse de la. Born in 1773. Theresa, daughter of the Grand Duke Charles of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, sister of Queen Louisa of Prussia, married in 1789 Prince Charles de la Tour et Taxis, Privy Councillor to the Emperor of Austria and Postmaster-General, an office which had been in his family since 1695.

TROGOFF, Madame de. A Russian lady, a great friend of the Duchess Wilhelmina of Sagan, whose companion she had been. She lived at Versailles.

TUSCANY, the Grand Duke of (1797-1870). Leopold II., Archduke of Austria, succeeded his father the Grand Duke Ferdinand III., in 1824. His first wife was a Princess of Saxony, and in 1833 he married the Princess Antoinette of the Two Sicilies.

V

VALÉE, Marshal Sylvain Charles (1773-1846). Fought in the campaigns of the Revolution and the Empire with distinction, and received the title of Comte from Napoleon. He supported the Second Restoration, and Charles X. made him a peer of France. In 1837 he gained his Marshal's baton at the capture of Constantine and then became Governor-General of Algeria. In 1840 he resigned this command in favour of General Bugeaud.

VALENÇAY, Madame de. Wife of Jacques d'Etampes, Marquis de la Ferté-Imbault, Marshal of France, who lived from 1590 to 1668.

VALENÇAY, the Duc de* (1811-1898). Louis de Talleyrand-Périgord, Duc de Talleyrand and de Valençay, Duc de Sagan after the death of his mother, eldest son of Edmond, Duc de Talleyrand and of Princess Dorothea of Courlande.

VALENÇAY, the Duchesse de* (1810-1858). Née de Montmorency.

VALENÇAY, Yolande de (1833-1835). Daughter of the Duc and Duchesse de Valençay; she died of scarlatina when young.

VANDOEUVRE, Baron William de (1779-1870). Auditor to the Council of State in 1806 and then deputy for the Aube; he became Peer of France in 1837. He married Mlle. Dassy.

VATRY, the Baron de (1793-1871). Alphée Bourdon Vapereau de Vatry, aide-de-camp to Prince Jérôme Bonaparte. He left the army under the Restoration, became a stockbroker and made a large fortune. He was a deputy from 1835 to 1848.

VATRY, the Baronne de. Died in 1881. She was the daughter of M. Hainguerlot, and married Baron Alphée de Vatry who died in 1871.

VAUGUYON, Mlle. Pauline de la (1783-1829). Daughter of the Duc de la Vauguyon; she married in 1810 the Baron of Villefranche of the house of Carignan. She died of burns received in an accident at her villa at Auteuil and left three children: (1) a daughter who married Prince Massimo of Arsoli; (2) another daughter who married the Count of Syracuse of the house of Naples; (3) a son by name Eugène, who was recognised by the King of Sardinia as a prince of the blood.

VÉRAC, the Marquis de (1768-1858). Armand de Vérac served for some time in the army of the Princes and then returned to France; he was exiled by Napoleon to Belgium eight years later. Under the Restoration he became a Peer of France and Governor of the Château of Versailles.

VERNET, Horace (1789-1863). A famous French painter who followed the Algerian campaign and painted several battle scenes illustrating it.

VERQUIGNIEULLE, the Marquise de. Flore Marie de Proudhomme et d'Harlay de Verquignieulle, married in 1836 M. Ancillon whose third wife she was. On his death in 1837, she returned to live in Belgium, her native country.

VERTOT, the Abbé de (1655-1735). Réne Aubert de Vertot first entered a religious vocation and became in succession a Capuchin monk under the name of Father Zacharie, a Premonstratensian and a member of the Order of Cluny. Then, being tired of the cloister life, he joined the secular clergy and became priest of Croissy-la-Garenne and of other places. He published a "History of the Revolutions in Portugal," but his favourite work was a "History of the Roman Republic."

VESTIER, Phidias (1796-1874). Architect and Inspector of the historical monuments in the department of Indre-et-Loire. He was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour after building the railway station at Tours in 1849. He was the grandson of a painter, several of whose works are in the Louvre. Largely supported by the Duchesse de Talleyrand, he built numerous residences at Paris and several country houses in the valley of the Loire.

VICENCE, the Duc de (1815-1896). Armand Alexandre Joseph Adrien de Caulaincourt first entered upon a diplomatic career, which he abandoned in 1837. Under the July monarchy he was a deputy, under the Second Empire a Senator, and was made Commander of the Legion of Honour in 1868.

VILLEFRANCHE, Comte Eugène de (1753-1785). This prince of the house of Carignan served in the French Army and was given by Louis XVI. the command of an Infantry Regiment which took the name of Savoie Carignan. He incurred the royal disfavour on account of his marriage with Mlle. Magon Laballue, left the army and died at an early age, and in obscurity at Domart in Picardie.

VILLEFRANCHE, Baron Joseph Marie de (1783-1825). Son of the foregoing. He had a brilliant career in a cavalry regiment under the Empire, which was continued under the Restoration, and in 1823 he followed the Duc d'Angoulême into Spain. He died suddenly in a carriage of an apoplectic stroke. He had married the daughter of the Duc de la Vauguyon.

VILLEGONTIER, Comte Louis de la (1776-1849). Prefect of the Allier in 1816, then Prefect of Ille-et-Vilaine and Peer of France in 1819; he took the oath to the Government of Louis-Philippe and supported his policy until 1848, when he retired into private life.

VILLÈLE, Comte Guillaume Aubin de (1770-1840). Brought up in the Seminary of Saint Sulpice, he became an émigré during the Revolution and was ordained priest at Düsseldorf; when he returned to France in 1802 he devoted himself to preaching. Louis XVIII. appointed him Bishop of Soissons; in 1824 he became Archbishop of Bourges and entered the Chamber of Peers at the same time. After 1830 he remained adverse to the new Government, and refused the Cross of the Legion of Honour in 1839. When Don Carlos was driven from Spain and interned at Bourges, the Archbishop offered him his palace for his residence, and received from this Prince the grand cordon of Charles III.

VILLEMAIN, Abel François* (1790-1870). French professor, writer, and politician.

VINCKE, Frau von (1766-1845). Fräulein von Vincke married her relative, Herr von Vincke, and became lady-of-honour to Queen Louise of Prussia, who was very fond of her. After the death of this Princess she held a high position at court and in Berlin society.

VIVIEN, Alexandre François Auguste (1799-1854). In 1840 he was Minister of Justice in the Thiers Ministry, and lent his name to the decree suppressing the deputy judges for the Court of the Seine.

VOLTAIRE, Arouet de* (1694-1778). A French philosopher who exerted a vast influence upon the history and literature of the eighteenth century.

W

WAGRAM, Prince Napoleon Louis de (1810-1888). Son of the famous Marshal Berthier. He was a Peer of France in 1836 and Senator in 1848.

WALEWSKI, Comte Alexandre (1810-1868). French politician and Minister under Napoleon III. He was the natural son of the Emperor Napoleon I., and of the Countess Marie Walewska, whom the Emperor had known at Warsaw in 1807.

WALLENSTEIN (1583-1634). A famous soldier, born in Bohemia, and one of the greatest generals during the Thirty Years War.

WALSH, Countess Agatha. Left a widow as early as 1806, she became first lady at the court of the Grand Duchess Stephanie of Baden and did not retire until 1839. Her son, Theophilus, was a constant visitor at the Baden court.

WALTER SCOTT (1771-1832). A Scotch novelist.

WASA, Princess (1811-1854). Louise Stephanie, daughter of the Grand Duke Charles of Baden and of the Grand Duchess, née Stephanie of Beauharnais.

WEIZEL, Mlle. de. A very intimate friend of the family of Entraigues and of the Baron and Baronne Finot, who lived near Valençay.

WELLINGTON, the Duke of* (1769-1852). A famous English General, the opponent of Napoleon and several times a member of the Cabinet.

WERTHER, Baron* (1772-1859). Prussian diplomatist, Ambassador at Paris, and afterwards Minister of Foreign Affairs at Berlin.

WERTHER, Baroness* (1778-1853). By birth the Countess Sophia Sandizell.

WERTHER, Baron Charles (1809-1894). Son of the foregoing. In 1869 he took the place of the Count of Golz as Ambassador at Paris, and through his instrumentality a breach in relations took place, which led to the outbreak of the 1870 war. In 1874 he was appointed Ambassador at Constantinople, and retired to Munich in 1877.

WEYER, Sylvan van de* (1803-1874). Belgian statesman and man of letters.

WITTGENSTEIN, Prince William of Sayn- (1770-1851). Household Minister to King Frederick William III. of Prussia, and one of the most important personages at the Berlin court.

WOLFF, Herr von. Councillor to the Prussian Ministry of the Interior for many years.

WOLFF, Frau von. Daughter of the Councillor of Justice. Herr Hennenberg.

WOLOWSKI, Louis (1810-1876). Born at Warsaw, he was naturalised in France after the Polish revolution of 1830, and devoted himself to the study of law and economic problems, in which he became a master.

WORONZOFF-DASCHKOFF, Count Ivan (1791-1854). Russian Minister at Munich from 1824 to 1828, and at Turin till 1832. He then became Councillor of the Empire at St. Petersburg and Chief Master of Ceremonies at the Court. He was an enlightened patron of the arts.

WURMB, Herr Friedrich Karl von (1766-1843). Staff Officer at Berlin. He resigned to marry Fräulein von Göcking, and became land agent to the Duchesse de Dino at Deutsch-Wartenberg.

WURMB, Frau von (1783-1862). Wilhelmina of Göcking, daughter of the Councillor of State to the Finance Ministry.

WÜRTEMBERG, Duke Alexander of (1804-1855). He entered the Austrian Military Service, but after contracting a morganatic marriage in 1835 with a Countess Rheday he settled at Paris.

WÜRTEMBERG, the King of* (1781-1862). William I.

WÜRTEMBERG, Princess Maria of* (1816-1863). Daughter of King William I. and wife of General Neipperg.

WÜRTEMBERG, Princess Sophia of* (1818-1877). Sister of the foregoing. She married William III., King of the Low Countries. She was a very distinguished Princess, and an intimate friend of the Emperor Napoleon III.

WÜRTEMBERG, Prince Paul of (1785-1852). Brother of King William I. He married, in 1825, Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Altenburg, by whom he had several children. He afterwards contracted a morganatic marriage with an English woman and settled at Paris.

WÜRTEMBERG, Prince Frederick of. Born in 1808, and son of the foregoing. He remained in the service of Würtemberg.

WÜRTEMBERG, Prince Augustus of. Born in 1813, and brother of the foregoing. He entered the Prussian service.

X

XIMENES DE CISNEROS, the Cardinal of (1436-1517). A famous Spanish statesman and Archbishop of Toledo. He performed the greatest services to Charles V., who showed himself most ungrateful, and dismissed him after using his influence to procure his nomination as King of Castile and of Aragon.

Z

ZEA-BERMEDEZ, Don Francisco* (1772-1850). Spanish diplomatist. He belonged to one of the most ancient families of the reconquest.

ZEA-BERMEDEZ, Doña de.* Died in 1848. By birth she was Doña Maria Antonia de Anduaga, of a family living in Guipuscoa, which included several diplomatists among its members. She was Lady Noble of the Order of Maria Louisa.

ZOÉ. A negress in the service of the Vicomtesse de Laval and then in the service of the Duchesse Mathieu de Montmorency, with whom she ended her life.

1

Mascara, in Algiers, was captured by the French in 1835.

2

See Appendix. In 1834 Jackson had claimed an indemnity of twenty-five millions, in very haughty terms, from the Government of Louis Philippe as compensation to the United States for the loss of ships seized under the Empire; in the event of refusal, confiscation was threatened of all French estates within the territories of the Union. While the claim was entirely legitimate, the insulting form in which it was presented delayed a settlement, until President Jackson retracted his words in the communication to which reference is here made.

3

The Address of the 221 (March 3, 1830). This was a reply to a speech from the throne, and plainly expressed the displeasure of the 221 Deputies at seeing M. de Martignac deposed from the Presidency in favour of the Prince Jules de Polignac.

4

The speech to which reference is made will be found in the Appendix to this volume.

5

M. Humann submitted to the Chamber as a necessary measure a scheme for the conversion of Government 5 per cent. bonds, which had already been attempted in vain by M. de Villèle in 1824. The Chamber was inclined to receive the idea favourably, but the Cabinet showed some ill-temper as it had not been previously consulted, and M. Humann resigned. A question was asked in the Chamber on this subject on June 18, and discussion was opened by the Duc de Broglie. "We are asking," he said, "whether the Government intends to propose the measure in the course of this session. I answer, No; is that clear?" This last remark excited general disfavour, and was the subject of adverse comment forthwith.

6

This is again a reference to the former Ministers of Charles X. Certain people were energetically striving to secure the liberation of these unfortunate political prisoners.

7

In 1835, in consequence of Fieschi's attempt, the Ministry proposed three severe legal enactments dealing with the jury and the sentences in cases of rebellion, and, most important of all, with the Press. The discussion upon these laws continued in the Chamber from August 13, 1834, to September 29, and ended in a complete success for the Government.

8

The Marquis de Brignole-Sale.

9

Marie Christine, Princess of Savoy, died in giving birth to the prince who was afterwards Francis II., the last King of Naples.

10

The author of these memoirs.

11

The sentence which condemned Fieschi, Pépin, and Morey to death. They were executed at the Barrière Saint-Jacques on February 19.

12

The Cabinet was as follows: M. Thiers, President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs; M. Sauzet, Keeper of the Seals; M. de Montalivet, Minister of the Interior; M. d'Argout, Financial Minister; M. Passy, Minister of Commerce and Public Works; M. Pelet de la Lozère, Minister of Education; Marshal Maison, Minister of War; Admiral Duperré, Minister of Naval Affairs.

13

Extract from a letter.

14

Prince Charles of Naples, brother of the Duchesse de Berry, was the nephew of Queen Marie Amélie.

15

Reference is here made to an action for divorce brought against Mrs. Norton by her husband, which made a great stir in England at this time. The intimacy of Mrs. Norton with Lord Melbourne was well known. However, the verdict given in the following June acquitted Lord Melbourne, but Mrs. Norton and her husband separated.

16

This work was published after the death of the Comte de Rémusat in 1878, by his son Paul.

17

This plan was not entirely carried out; the Abbé alone was buried at Saint-Patrice.

18

The Princess Louise was the daughter of Prince Ferdinand of Prussia, the youngest brother of Frederick the Great. She married Prince Antoine Radziwill in 1796.