Ireland under the Stuarts and during the Interregnum, Vol. I (of 3), 1603-1642

183

Wentworth to Weston and Coke, August 3, 1633, in Strafford Letters, and to Carlisle, August 27, in vol. viii. of the Camden Miscellany, p. 5.

184

Wilmot to Cottington, January 10, 1631-2; the King to Wentworth, May 27, 1633; Wentworth to Coke, January 31, 1633-4. As to the King’s excuse for appointing Cary, see Lord Carlisle to Wentworth, February 10, 1633-4, Strafford Letters. Third Report of Hist. MSS. Comm. 283, August 4, 1634. Clarendon’s Hist. of the Rebellion, vol. i. p. 184 in Macray’s edition.

185

Laud to Wentworth, July 30, 1631, in Strafford Letters; Bramhall to Laud, August 10, 1633, in the Oxford ed. of Bramhall’s Works, i. lxxix.

186

Mason’s Hist. of St. Patrick’s; Budgell’s Memoirs of the Boyles; Laud to Wentworth, November 15, 1633, March 11, 1633-4; Wentworth to Laud, August 23, 1634, March 10, 1634-5, in Strafford Letters. The King’s letter is in Lismore Papers, 2nd series, iii. 194. Elrington’s Life of Ussher, p. 159.

187

The documents concerning Baltimore are printed in Caulfield’s Council Book of Kinsale, xxxiii. Smith’s Hist. of Cork. Cal. of State Papers, Ireland, 1631, No. 1973. Conway to Wentworth, July 14, 1636, in Strafford Letters. Court and Times, ii. 253, 259, 265. The Baltimore of 1630 did not occupy the same ground as the modern fishing village, but ran inland from O’Driscoll’s castle. Thomas Davis wrote a fine ballad on the sack of Baltimore:

High upon a gallows tree, a yelling wretch is seen,’Tis Hackett of Dungarvan – he, who steered the Algerine!He fell amid a sullen shout, with scarce a passing prayer,For he had slain the kith and kin of many a hundred there.

188

Strafford Letters, passim, from 1633 to 1637; see particularly Plumleigh’s letter of October 11, 1633.

189

Wentworth to Charles I., January 22, 1633-34, enclosing his opinion concerning a Parliament, with the King’s answers dated April 12; Wentworth to the Lord Marshal (Arundel), March 22, 1633-34 – all in Strafford Letters.

190

The King to Wentworth, April 17, 1634; Wentworth to Coke, April 29 and May 13; Laud to Wentworth, May 14, all in Strafford Letters.

191

Wentworth to Coke, May 13, 1634, Strafford Letters.

192

Earl of Cork’s Diary at May 30, 1634, in vol. iv. of Lismore Papers, 1st series. Wentworth to Coke, June 24, Strafford Letters.

193

The primacy of Armagh was practically settled on this occasion, but the Roman Catholics still agitated the question for some time. The controversy is exhausted in Archbishop Hugh MacMahon’s Jus Primatiale Armachanum, published in 1728. Carte’s Ormonde, i. 64. Wentworth to Coke, May 13, June 24, August 18, 1634. The order of proceeding, with the roll of the Lords, is given in the Strafford Letters after the last date, and in the journals.

194

Irish Lords Journals. July 14 and 15, 1634.

195

Wentworth to Coke, August 18, 1634. The Lord Deputy’s speech in Strafford Letters, i. 286, is not entered in the Journals of Parliament. Wentworth to Cottington, ib. August 22; to Laud, ib. August 23, State Papers, Ireland, February 23, 1641.

196

Wentworth to Coke, August 18, 1634. Irish Statutes, 1 °Car. I., session 2. Parliament was prorogued on August 2, on account of the harvest and circuits. The Subsidy Bill was read a third time and sent to the Lords on July 26, Irish Commons Journals.

197

Wentworth’s letter to the King is dated September 20, and the answer October 23, Strafford Letters.

198

Commons of Ireland to the Lord Deputy, in Strafford Letters, i. 310. The Lord Deputy’s Protestation, ib. 290.

199

Parliament met November 4, 1634, and was prorogued December 15. The graces, with the advice of the Lord Deputy and Council, October 6, Wentworth to Coke, December 16, Strafford Letters.

200

Wentworth to Coke, December 16, 1634; Coke to Wentworth, March 25, 1635, Strafford Letters. Lords’ Journals, November 25, 1634, April 6 and 15, 1635. Gookin’s letter is calendared among State Papers, Ireland, under 1633, p. 181 (Addenda): it was not written until after Wentworth’s arrival, late in July.

201

Irish Commons Journals, November 4 and 15, 1634. The act of Council condemning Dongan was signed by George Shirley, Wandesford, Mainwaring, Sir Charles Coote, Sir J. Erskine, and Adam Loftus. Coventry to Wentworth, December 24, 1635, and the answer, March 1, 1636, announcing a further leave of six months to Price, Strafford Letters; Wentworth to Price, February 14, 1636, in State Papers, Ireland.

202

Wentworth to Coke, December 16, 1634, with the King’s answer of January 22; Coke to Wentworth, January 21; Wentworth to Coke, April 7, 1635; the Commons of Ireland to the Lord Deputy, April 1, in Strafford Letters, i. 408; Irish Commons Journal, March 20, 1634-5; Wentworth to the Earl of Danby, April 21, 1635. There were two short sessions between January 26 and April 18, the date of dissolution. At the beginning a good many days were lost by the non-arrival of Bills from England.

203

Mant’s Irish Church, 121; Ball’s Reformed Church of Ireland, 108; Cal. of State Papers, Ireland, April 28, 1615. The Irish Articles of 1565 and 1615 are printed as an appendix of Elrington’s Life of Ussher, Works, i. xxxv.

204

Wentworth to Laud, August 23 and December 16, 1634, and Laud’s answer of October 20, in Strafford Letters; Wentworth’s letter to Leslie, December 10, 1634, is in Laud’s Works, vii. 98; Ussher to Dr. Ward, September 15, 1635, in his Works, xvi. 9; Bramhall’s account of the proceedings, written some years later, is in his Works, v. 80.

205

Sir Thomas Roe to the Queen of Bohemia, December 10, 1634, from London, and her answer from the Hague, February 11/21, 1635, in State Papers, Domestic. Roe contemplated a visit to Ireland about this time, but does not seem to have made it; see Wentworth’s letter to him of September 1, 1634.

206

Adair’s True Narrative, 26; Mant’s Church of Ireland, 457; Blair’s statement in Reid’s Presbyterian Church, i. 103.

207

Wentworth to Bramhall, September 12, 1634, in Rawdon Papers; Report of the Belfast conference in Reid’s Presbyterian Church, i. 195 and Appx. iv; Livingston’s narrative, ib. 204-6.

208

Bramhall to Ussher, April 26, 1641, in his Works, i. xc; Liber Munerum, v. 113; Carte’s Ormonde, i. 96; Wentworth to the King, September 2, 1639 (from Dublin) in Strafford Letters, and to Radcliffe, September 23 (from Covent Garden), in Whitaker’s Radcliffe, 182; Bedell to Ward, April 23, 1640; in Two Biographies, 365; Irish Lords’ Journal, March 31, 1640; Hickson’s Irish Massacres, ii. 6-8. Corbet’s ‘Ungirding of the Scottish Armour’ was licensed in Dublin, May 6, 1639, by Edward Parry, afterwards Bishop of Killaloe, on behalf of the Archbishop of Dublin. It is in the form of a dialogue between Covenanter and anti-Covenanter. The dedication of six pages to Wentworth contains some strong language about the ‘fiery zealous faction’ dominant in Scotland. ‘The best of them is as a briar; the most upright is a thorn hedge; they do evil with both hands earnestly, hunting every man his brother with a net. They are gone in the way of Cain, etc.’ Corbet’s much better known Lysimachus Nicanor, dated January 1, 1640 (n.s.) was probably printed in Dublin, but has no printer’s name and no imprimatur. He is believed to have had assistance both from Bramhall and Maxwell. Baillie (Letters, i. 243) wrongly attributes it to Henry Leslie, and calls the author ‘a mad scenic railer.’ It purports to be the letter of a Jesuit, who congratulates the Scots on their approach to the views of the Society concerning resistance to kings. See the article on Corbet in Dict. of Nat. Biography. I have used the copies of the two tracts preserved in the Cashel Library with MS. notes by Foy, afterwards Bishop of Waterford.

209

Clarendon’s History, ii. 101; Strafford Letters in July 1638, ii. 184-194, and Wentworth’s answer to Laud, dated August 7; Baillie’s Letters i. 93.

210

Rushworth, viii, 672; Wentworth to Northumberland, July 30, 1638, to the Bishop of Down, October 4, and the Bishop’s two letters of September 22 and October 18; Reid’s Presbyterian Church, i. 294.

211

Wentworth to Windebank, January 6, 1638-9; examination of Ensign William Willoughby, January 9, in Strafford Letters; the King to Wentworth, January 16 in Rushworth, viii. 504; Sir James Montgomery’s evidence, ib. 490. On February 27 Laud wrote to Wentworth (Works, vii. 526), ‘I showed his Majesty your other letter sent on purpose to show, and he was much taken with your project to have the Scotch there take an oath of abjuration of their abominable covenant.’ The text of the Black Oath is in Rushworth, viii. 494, in Strafford Letters, ii. 345; in Reid’s Presbyterian Church, i. 247 n.; and in Cal. of State Papers, Ireland, at September 7, 1639.

212

Evidence at Strafford’s trial, in Rushworth, viii. 490-494. The Act of State with the petition, oath, and proclamation in Strafford Letters, ii. 343. Lord Clandeboye’s letters, August 23 and September 2, ib. Narrative of John Livingston quoted in Reid’s Presbyterian Church, i. 257. Livingston was at this time minister of Stranraer, which was naturally full of refugees from Ulster. Robert Baillie talks of the ‘Spanish Inquisition on our whole Scottish nation there.’ Letters, i. 199, 206, and see Archbishop Spottiswood’s letter (August 1638), ib. 466. Bramhall to Laud in State Papers, Ireland, January 12, 1639; Rawdon to Conway, ib. July 6. Bishop H. Leslie tells Conway the swearing began in Dean Shuckburgh’s parish (Connor), who cleverly persuaded 630 to take the oath, ib. October 7.

213

Baillie’s Letters, i. 190, 195; sentence of the Castle-chamber, September 7, 1639, in State Papers, Ireland; comments of Lords Justices and Council, ib. July 30, 1641; Rushworth, viii. 496; Bramhall to Ussher, April 26, 1641; Reid’s Presbyterian Church, i. 257, 294. Strafford at his trial objected to the witness Salmon because he said Stewart was tried in October instead of September, but the substance of his evidence is unchallenged and confirmed by other accounts.

214

Evidence of Salmon and Loftus, which was not shaken by rebutting witnesses, at Strafford’s trial in Rushworth, viii. 496. Strafford’s letter of October 8, 1840, from York, in Whitaker’s Life of Radcliffe, who endorsed it ‘rejected by me, and crossed.’

215

A faulty commission was issued in April 1633, but the corrected version which was acted upon is calendared at June 29, 1634. The commissioners besides Wentworth were Lord Chancellor Loftus, Cork, Parsons, Chief Justice Lowther, Wandesford, Radcliffe, and the Barons of the Exchequer; Sir C. Coote and Mainwaring were added later. A fresh commission, dated September 1, 1638, is in Rymer’s Fœdera, xx. 263. Irish Statutes, 1 °Car. I. cap. 3. Wentworth to the King, December 9, 1636, Strafford Letters, ii. 41. In February 1640-1 the Irish House of Lords asked ‘whether it stood with the integrity of the judge to take 4s. per £ out of all increases to His Majesty upon compositions of defective bills, by avoiding such patents as the same judge condemns in an extra-judicial way’ (Nalson, ii. 575).

216

Wentworth to Coke, December 16, 1634; to Laud, March 10, 1634-5; Commissioners of plantation to Coke, August 25, 1635; Wentworth’s notes on the Irish revenue, July 6, 1636, Strafford Letters. Details as to Edough are in Prendergast’s Ireland from the Restoration to the Revolution, part iii. chap. i.

217

Wentworth to Coke, July 14, 1635, Strafford Letters.

218

Lord Deputy and Commissioners to Coke, August 25, 1635, and Coke’s answer, September 30, Strafford Letters. Hardiman’s Hist. of Galway, p. 105.

219

Wentworth to the King, December 5, 1635. Carte’s Ormonde i. 82. Clarendon says that Essex, who already disliked Wentworth, ‘openly professed revenge against him for his treatment of Clanricarde, History of Rebellion, ii. 101.

220

Abstract of the King’s title to Connaught, 1635, Strafford Letters, i. 454. King James’s letter of July 21, 1622, is in Carew. See Hardiman’s Hist. of Galway, 104.

221

Coke to Wentworth, October 24, 1633; Wentworth to Coke, January 31, 1633-4. J. C. Beresford’s Concise View of the Irish Society, pp. 51-56.

222

Garrard to Wentworth, March 1, 1634-5; Howell to same, March 5; Coke to same, May 25, 1635; Wentworth to the King, April 7, Strafford Letters. Carte’s Ormonde, i. 83. Among the Cowper MSS., November 8, 1633, is a letter from the King ordering 5,000l. to Phillips out of the 70,000l.

223

The pardon, November 7, 1625, is in Morrin’s Patent Rolls; Wilmot’s submission, October 3, 1635, in Strafford Letters, i. 477, and his letter to Wentworth, ib. ii. 41; Laud to Wentworth, ib. i. 479; Wilmot to Windebank May 28, 1636, Cal. of State Papers, Ireland.

224

Strafford Letters, i. 73, 99, 107, 250, 259, 306, 349, 403. Mountnorris held his office during pleasure.

225

Wentworth to Coke, December 14, 1635, enclosing the sentence of the court-martial, in Strafford’s letters; this is preferable, so far as it goes, to the account in Rushworth’s Trial of Strafford, where the abstract contains inaccuracies. Lord Chancellor Loftus had no son Adam, Sir Adam was his cousin. The Annesley whom Wentworth had rebuked and who dropped the stool, and the Annesley who was Mountnorris’s lieutenant were brothers, but neither was the Vice-Treasurer’s brother, as is so often stated. Garrard to Wentworth, January 8, 1635-6.

226

Lord Keeper Coventry to Wentworth, December 24, 1635; James Howell to Wentworth, January 1; Garrard to Wentworth, January 8 and 25, 1635-6; Cottington to Wentworth, January 27; Coke to Wentworth, January 31, Strafford Letters; Wentworth to Price, February 14 in State Papers, Ireland. See also Gardiner’s Hist. of England, chap. 81. For further details about the 6,000l. see Laud to Wentworth, February 4, 1635-6, in Laud’s Works, vii. 240. Howell says Mountnorris’s discomfiture was popular at Court, but Garrard thought differently. Clarendon’s Hist. of the Rebellion, ii. 101.

227

Rushworth’s Trial of Strafford, Court and Times, ii. 271, Wentworth to Coke, January 3, 1635-6; to Wandesford, July 25, 1636; to Conway, January 6, 1637-8. Cal. of Clarendon Papers, February 13, 1635-6, July 18, 1636. Conway to Wentworth, October 23, 1637.

228

A true copy of the sentence of war pronounced against Sir Francis Annesley, Knight and Baron Mountnorris, etc., together with his Lordship’s petition, etc. London; printed for J. B., 1641.

229

A good view of the Loftus case may be obtained from Arthur Earl of Essex’s report in the Drogheda Papers in the Ninth Report of the Hist. MSS. Comm., Appx. ii., and in the House of Lords Papers in the 4th and 5th Reports. See also Strafford Letters, ii. 160-164, 257, and Rawdon Papers, pp. 26, 54, and the Barrett-Lennard Papers in the third vol. of the Report of the Royal Hist. Commission on ‘various collections,’ 1904.

230

Besides the authorities quoted above there is the affidavit of Henry Parry, sworn November 16, 1652, wherein it is stated that Loftus’ chaplain was not allowed to see him with a view to administering the sacrament in his extreme illness. Parry thinks his treatment by Strafford cost him 24,000l., and that he lost 80,000l. more by the rebellion. – Cal. of State Papers, Ireland, 1647-1660, p. 576.

231

Clarendon’s History, iii. 115-117; Warwick’s Memoirs, 116; Strafford Letters, ii. 381.

232

Lismore Papers, 2nd series, iv. 187. The case for Cork as against Strafford is contained in both series of these papers, and is summed up in Smith’s Hist. of Cork, vol. i. chap. 3, and in Mrs. Townshend’s Great Earl of Cork. If these documents had been known to Gardiner, he might have judged Lord Cork very differently.

233

The Earl of Cork’s Remembrances, April 22 to June 2, 1636, in Lismore Papers, 2nd series, iii. 247, and his Diary, ib. 1st series, iv. 175, 179. Report on the Youghal case calendared at May 3, 1634, in State Papers, Ireland, Laud to Wentworth, October 4, 1635, in his Works, vii. 171. Mrs. Townshend’s Great Earl of Cork, chap. 16, may be consulted with advantage.

234

Wentworth to Conway, Cal. of State Papers, Ireland, March 12, 1635; Notes of the Star Chamber trial, ib. May 10, 1639; Rushworth, iii. 888 and viii. 109; Wentworth to Sir John Bramston, C.J., April 12, 1639, in Browning’s (really Forster’s) Life of Strafford, 1892. And see the note to Gardiner’s Hist. of England, ix. 71.

235

Ussher to Laud, in his Works, xv. 572-575; Laud to Wentworth, March 11, 1633-34, in his Works, vi. 255; Wentworth to Laud, August 23, 1634, in Strafford Letters.

236

Ussher to Dr. Ward, 1633 (before September); to Laud, July 9, 1638, in his Works; Laud to Bramhall, August 11, 1638, in his Works, vi. 532 – ‘the motion of the Provost’s keeping the College, though he was a Bishop, proceeded originally from the Lord Deputy, and not from me’; to Wentworth, July 30, ib. vii. 43; to same, September 10, 1638, ib. vi. 535 – ‘Methinks you might speak privately with the Primate, and so do what you would with him. As for the Bishop of Derry, I presume you can rule him; if not, you were better send the Provost fairly with honour to his bishopric, and think of as good a successor as you can for the college’; to same, December 29, 1638, ib. vi. 551. Chappell’s metrical autobiography is in Peck’s Desiderata Curiosa, Lib. xi.

237

Wentworth to Laud, August 23, 1634, Strafford Letters. Further details may be found in Stubbs’s Hist. of the Univ. of Dublin, and in Dr. Mahaffy’s Epoch in Irish Hist.

238

Report by the Lord Deputy, June 21, 1636, State Papers, Ireland; Wentworth to Wandesford, July 25, Strafford Letters, ii. 13-23.

239

Laud to Wentworth, August 31, September 8 and 26, 1636, Works, vi. 466, vii. 279, 288; Wentworth to the King and to Laud, August 17 and 23; the King to Wentworth, September 3, Strafford Letters, ii. 26, 32; Dorothy, Countess of Leicester, to her husband, November 10 and January 10, 1636-7, Collins’s Sidney Papers, ii. 444, 456.

240

Wentworth to Laud, September 27, 1637; to Conway, June 16, 1623; to Cottington, November 24, 1633; to Laud, May 23, 1638, all in Strafford Letters; to his wife, August 1638, in Cooper’s Life of Strafford, ii. 39-41. The proclamation of August 3, 1637, dilates on the importance of providing sport for the Lord Deputy and Council. No licence to shoot with ‘hail-shot’ was to be granted unless the holder would give a bond not to use it within the bounds mentioned in the text. The privileged tract was reserved to Councillors of State for hawking.

241

Wentworth to Laud, September 27, 1637; to Lady Clare, August 10, 1639, in Strafford Letters; to his wife, September 12, 1637, in Cooper’s Life of Strafford, ii. 43. Naas is twenty English miles from Dublin, a good deal more than twelve Irish, and Tinahely fifty-three miles.

242

R. Weckherlin to Sir John Coke, August 25, 1639, Melbourne Hall Papers; W. Raylton to same, August 13, ib.; Wentworth to Radcliffe, September 21 and October 28 in Whitaker’s Life of Radcliffe, 181-3.

243

Wentworth to Radcliffe, December 10, 1639, in Whitaker’s Life of Radcliffe, 187. Speech on being made an Earl, January 12, 1639-40, Strafford Letters, ii. 390. Coke’s dismissal from the secretaryship was decided before December 13, Melbourne Hall Papers, ii. 245. ‘The King declared his resolution for a Parliament in case of the Scottish rebellion. The first movers to it were my Lord Deputy of Ireland, my Lord Marquis Hamilton, and myself’ – Laud’s Diary, December 5, 1639, Works, iii. 233, 283.

244

Irish Commons Journals; Council of Ireland to Windebank, March 19; Strafford to the King, March 23, Strafford Letters, ii. 394-6.

245

Irish Commons Journals; Irish Statutes, 15 Car. I.; Strafford Letters, March 16-April 3, 1639-40, ii. 394-403. The Declaration is in Nalson, i. 283. If further evidence were needed of Strafford’s complete reconciliation with the Queen, we have Madame de Motteville’s: ‘Il avait été brouillé avec la Reine, mais depuis quelque temps il était lié à ses intérêts,’ Mémoires, chap. 9. There is a useful itinerary for Strafford in the ninth volume of the Camden Miscellany. Cork says in his diary that Strafford left London very early ‘to avoid the concourse of myself and many others that desired to wait upon him,’ Lismore Papers, 1st series, v. 129.

246

Strafford Letters, ii. 184, 211, 266-306. For personal details see Hill’s Macdonnells of Antrim. Lord Deputy and Council to Coke, Melbourne Hall MSS. calendared by Hist. MSS. Comm. under July 1637, but apparently belonging to 1639.

247

Wentworth to Windebank, March 20, 1638-9, enclosing Antrim’s written proposals, Strafford Letters. Charles’s informal commission to Antrim, dated June 5, 1639, is printed in Hill’s Macdonnells of Antrim, Appx. 12, Melbourne Hall MSS., ut sup.