The Phantom World; or, The philosophy of spirits, apparitions, &c, &c.

517

This took place nearly a hundred and fifty years ago.

518

Art. ii. p. 14.

519

Mark vi. 16, 17.

520

Matt. xvi. 14.

521

Exod. iv. 24, 25.

522

Exod. xii. 12.

523

1 Cor. x. 10; Judith viii. 25.

524

Numb. xxii.

525

Tob. iii. 7.

526

Psa. xxxiv. 7.

527

1 Cor. xi. 30.

528

1 Tim. i. 20.

529

John xiii.

530

1 Sam. ii. 6.

531

Matt. xxiv. 24.

532

Clem. Alex. Itinerario; Hegesippus de Excidio Jerusalem, c. 2.

533

Apulei Flondo. lib. ii.

534

Ælian, de Animalib. lib. ix. c. 77.

535

Tertull. de Anim. c. 22.

536

Le Loyer, des Spectres, lib. ii. pp. 376, 392, 393.

537

Pliny, lib. vii. c. 52.

538

Le Loyer, pp. 412-414.

539

Theocrit Idyl. ii.

540

"Lanea et effigies erat, altera cerea majorLanea, que pœnis compesceret inferiorem.Cerea suppliciter stabat, servilibus ut quæJam peritura modis…Et imagine cereâLargior arserit ignis."

541

"An quæ movere cereas imagines,Ut ipse curiosus, et poloDeripere lunam."

542

"Limus ut hic durescit, et hæc ut cera liquescit.Uno eodemque igni; sic nostro Daphnis amore." —Virgil, Eclog.

543

Lucian in Philops.

544

Numb. xxi. 3.

545

Deut. vii. 2, 3; xii. 1-3, &c.

546

Numb. xxii. 5, &c.

547

Peir. lib. iii. c. 5; xxviii. c. 2.

548

Macrobius, lib. iii. c. 9.

549

Tacit. Ann. lib. ii. art. 69.

550

Hector Boëthius, Hist. Scot. lib. xi. c. 216, 219.

551

Biblioth. Cluniæ. de Miraculis, lib. i. c. 7, p. 1290.

552

Baronius ad an. Christi 401. Annal. tom. v.

553

Tom. i. p. 64, et seq.

554

Stephâni Damalevini Historia, p. 291. apud Ranald continuat Baronii, ad. an. 1545. tom. xxi art. 62.

555

Le Loyer, lib. iii. pp. 46, 47.

556

Vol. iv. p. 57.

557

Aug. de Cura gerend. pro Mortuis, c. xiii. p. 526.

558

Duns Scotus.

559

This fact is more than doubtful. Bzovius, for having advanced it upon the authority of some others, was called Bovius, that is, "Great Ox." It is, therefore, better to stand by what Moreri thought of it. "The enemies of Scotus have proclaimed," says he, "that, having died of apoplexy, he was at first interred, and, some time after this accident having elapsed, he died in despair, gnawing his hands. But this calumny, which was authorized by Paulus Jovius, Latomias, and Bzovius, has been so well refuted that no one now will give credit to it."

560

Larrey, in Henri VIII. Roi d'Angleterre.

561

Lilius Giraldus, Hist. Poët. Dialog.

562

Cels. lib. ii. c. 6.

563

Le P. Le Clerc, ci devant attorney of the boarders of the college of Louis le Grand.

564

Mísson, Voyage d'Italie, tom. i. Lettre 5. Goulart, des Histoires admirables; et mémorables printed at Geneva, in 1678.

565

Mísson, Voyage, tom. iii.

566

Goulart, loca cetata.

567

M. Graffe, Epit. à Guil. Frabi, Centurie 2, observ chirurg. 516.

568

Guill. Derham, Extrait. Peclin, c. x. de aëre et alim. def.

569

Vita S. Suitberti, apud Surium, I. Martii.

570

Le Clerc, Hist. de la Médecine.

571

Corneille le Bruyn, tom. i. p. 579.

572

Cronstand, Philos. veter. restit.

573

Gaspard Reïes, Campus Elysias jucund.

574

Page 167, des additions de M. Bruhier.

575

Mich. Rauff, alterâ Dissert. Art. lvii. pp. 98, 99, et Art. lix. p. 100.

576

De Nummis in Ore Defunctorum repertis, Art. ix. à Beyermuller, &c.

577

Richer, Senon, tom. iii. Spicileg. Ducherii, p. 392.

578

Rauff, Art. xlii. p. 43.

579

"Tandemque venit ad pulpita nostrumExodium, cum personæ pallentis hiatumIn gremio matris fastidit rusticus infans." Juvenal, Sat. iii. 174.

580

Rauff, Art. xii. p. 15.

581

Rauff, Art. xxi. p. 14.

582

Rudiga, Physio. Dur. lib. i. c. 4. Theophrast. Paracels. Georg. Agricola, de Anim. Subterran. p. 76.

583

Ovid, lib. vi. Vide Debrio, Disquisit. Magic. lib. i. p. 6, and lib. iii. p. 355.

584

Homer de Hectore, Iliad XXIV. 411.

585

Plutarch de Alexandro in ejus Vita.

586

About the year 1680; he died after the year 1694.

587

Causes Célèbres, tom. viii. p. 585.

588

Plin. Hist. Natur. lib. vii. c. 52.

589

St. Gregor. Turon. de Gloria Martyr. c. 95.

590

I have touched upon this matter in a particular Dissertation at the Head of the Gospel of St. John.

591

Plato, de Republ. lib. x.; Clemens Alexandr. lib. v. Stromat.

592

Phleg. de Mirabilis, c. 3.

593

Plutarch, de Serâ Numinis Vindicta.

594

1 Cor. xiii. 2.

595

Aug. lib. xiv. de Civit. Dei, c. 24.

596

August. lib. de Curâ pro Mortuis, c. xii. p. 524.

597

Curialis– this word signifies a small employment in a village.

598

IV. Reg. 18, et. seq.

599

Lucian, in Phliopseud. p. 830.

600

Plutarch, de Animâ, apud Eusebius de Præp. Evang. lib. ii. c. 18.

601

Gregor. Dial. lib. iv. c. 36.

602

See the treatise on the Uncertainty of the Signs of Death, tom. ii. pp. 404, 407, et seq.

603

Ibid. lib. ii. pp. 504, 505, 506, 514.

604

Hieron. Cardanus, lib. viii. de Varietate Verum, c. 34.

605

Olaus Magnus, lib. iii. Epitom. Hist. Septent. Perecer de Variis Divinat. Generib. p. 282.

606

Memoirs of Cardinal de Retz, tom. iii. lib. iv. p. 297.

607

Plin. Hist. Natur. lib. vii. c. 52.

608

Orig. de Resurrect. Fragment. lib. i. p. 35. Nov. edit. Et contra Celsum, lib. vii. p. 679.

609

Luke xvi. 22, 23.

610

John xx. 26.

611

Gen. xix. 2.

612

Luke xxiv. 16.

613

2 Kings iii. 23.

614

2 Kings iv. 19, 20.

615

John xi. 14.

616

Luke vii. 11, 12.

617

2 Kings iv. 25.

618

2 Kings xiii. 21.

619

Luke xvi. 24.

620

Plato, lib. x. de Rep. p. 614.

621

Job xxvi. 5.

622

Prov. ix. 18.

623

Isa. xix. 9, et seq.

624

Ezek. xxxi. 15.

625

Luke xvi. 26.

626

Plutarch, de his qui misero à Numine puniuntur.

627

Plin. Hist. Natur. lib. vii. c. 52.

628

This story is related before, and is here related on account of the bearing it has on the subject of this chapter.

629

Lib. i. de Miracul. Sancti Stephani, cap. 4. p. 28. Lib. vii. Oper. St. Aug. in Appendice.

630

Sulpit. Sever. in Vitâ S. Martini, cap. 3.

631

Gregor. Turon. lib. vii. c. 1.

632

Hincmar, lib. ii. p. 805.

633

Apparently Charles the Bald, who died in 875.

634

Vita Sti. Fursci, apud Bolland. 16 Januarii, pp. 37, 38. Item, pp. 47, 48. Sæcul. xi. Bened. p. 299.

635

Bede, lib. iii. Hist. c. 19.

636

Larrey, Hist. de Louis XIV. year 1698, p. 68.

637

Aug. lib. i. de Origine Animæ.

638

Ibid. p. 97.

639

Aug. lib. i. de Origine Animæ, p. 132.

640

Acta Martyr. Sincera, p. 212. Vita et Passio S. Cypriani, p. 268.

641

Acta Martyr. Sincera, pp. 219, 221.

642

Acta Martyr. Sincera, p. 226.

643

Ibid. pp. 231-233, 237.

644

M. le Baron Toussaint.

645

Letter of the Reverend Father Richard, a Dominican of Amiens, of the 29th of July, 1746.

646

See on this subject the letter of the Marquis Maffei, which follows.

647

St. Thomas, i. part 9, 89, art. 8, ad. 2.

648

The author had foreseen this objection from the beginning of his dissertation.

649

Aug. Serm. de Semp. 197.

650

John xvi. 11.

651

Luke xxii. 31.

652

2 Cor. xi. 7.

653

1 Tim. i. 2.

654

1 Cor. xi. 30.

655

2 Cor. ii. 11, and xi. 14.

656

2 Thess. ii.

657

1 Pet. v. 8.

658

Ephes. vi. 12.

659

They are cited in the letter of the Marquis Maffei.

660

The author, as we may see, is not a Cartesian, since he assigns reflection even to animals. But if they reflect, they choose; whence it consequently follows that they are free.

661

Luke xiii. 14.

662

St. Ambrose, Com. on St. Luke, i. c. 1.

663

Martha Brossier, daughter of a weaver at Romorantin, was shown as a demoniac, in 1578. See De Thou on this subject, book cxxiii. and tom. v. of the Journal of Henry III., edition of 1744, p. 206, &c. The affair of Loudun took place in the reign of Louis XIII.; and Cardinal Richelieu is accused of having caused this tragedy to be enacted, in order to ruin Urban Grandier, the curé of Loudun, for having written a cutting satire against him.

664

M. de Lannoy has made a particular dissertation De Causà Secessionis S. Brunonis: he solidly refutes this fable. Nevertheless, this event is to be found painted in the fine pictures of the little monastery of the Chartreux at Paris.

665

Eliberitan Council, an. 305 or 313, in the kingdom of Grenada. Others have thought, but mistakenly, that it was Collioure in Roussillon.

666

Jesus, the son of Sirach, author of Ecclesiasticus, believes this apparition to be true. Ecclus. xlvi. 23.

667

This story has been related in the former part of the work, but more succinctly.

668

Arist. Treatise on Dreams and Vigils.

669

The Abbé de Vallemont, in his work on the Singularities of Vegetation. Paris, 1 vol. 12mo.

670

This was a century and a half ago; but the Philosophical Transactions record no account of any successful result to such experiments.

671

Madame the Duchess-mother, daughter of the late king, Louis XIV., and mother of the duke lately dead, of M. the Count de Charolois, and of M. the Count de Clermont.

672

The author here alludes to the hypogryphe, a winged horse, invented by Ariosto, that carried the Paladins through the air.

673

Magicus Vanitates.

674

Plin. lib. xxx. c. 1.

675

"Somnia, terrores magicos, miracula, sagas,Nocturnos lemures, portentaque Thessala rides?"Horat. lib. ii. Ep. 2.

676

Inexpugnabili magicæ disciplinæ potestate, &c. – Lib. iii.

677

Delle magiche frodi seppe il Givoco. —Dante, Inf. c. 20.

678

Pp. 139 and 145.

679

P. 9.

680

P. 144.

681

Goësy, or Goësia, is said to be a kind of magic. It is asserted that those who profess it repair at night to the tombs, where they invoke the demon and evil genii by lamentations and complaints.

In regard to Theurgy, the ancients gave this name to that part of magic which is called white magic. The word Theurgy signifies the art of doing divine things, or such as God only can perform – the power of producing wonderful and supernatural effects by licit means, in invoking the aid of God and angels. Theurgy differs from natural magic, which is performed by the powers of nature; and from necromancy, which is operated only by the invocation of the demons.

682

P. 170.

683

P. 654.

684

P. 749.

685

P. 9.

686

P. 30, de Lam.

687

P. 94.

688

What is enclosed between the brackets is a long addition sent by the author to the printer whilst they were working at a second edition of his letter.

689

Et vidi angelum descendentem de cœlo habentem clavem abyssi et catenam magnam in manu suà; et appehendit draconem, serpentem, antiquum, qui est Diabolus et Satanas, et ligavit eum per annos mille. —Apoc. xx. 1.

690

Et cum consummati fuerint mille anni, solvetur Satanas de carcere suo. —Apoc. v. 7.

691

Cujus est adventus secundùm operationem Satanæ in omni virtute et signis et prodigiis mendacibus. – 2 Thess. ii. 9.

692

Joseph. Antiq. lib. viii. c. 2.

693

Acts viii. 6.

694

Mittet siquidem Dominus in iram et furorem suum per angelos pessimos. Hier. ad Eph. i. 7. p. 574.

695

Vid. de Beatif. lib. iv. p. i. c. 3.

696

Pp. 67, 75.

697

P. 243.

698

Lib. ii. p. 364.

699

In pecunia divinabunt. – Mich. iii. 11.

700

P. 127.

701

Now well known as the evening primrose.

702

Numquid dæmonium potest cœcorum oculos asperire? Joan. ix, 21.

703

Dom. Calmet has a very bad opinion of the public, to believe that it values so little what is, perhaps, the best and most sensible part of the book. Wise people think quite differently from himself.

704

Neither Gregory of Tours, nor Sulpicius Severus, nor Peter the Venerable, nor Pierre Damien, have ever been placed in a parallel line with the fathers of the Church. In regard to the latter, it has always been allowable, without failing in the respect which is due to them, to remark certain weaknesses in their works, sometimes even errors, as the Church has done in condemning the Millenaries, &c.

705

An excellent maxim for fomenting credulity and nourishing superstition.

706

What a parallel! how could any one make it without renouncing common sense?

707

Jeremiah xxi. 21.

708

Jerem. xxxvi.

709

Jerem. xvii. 15.

710

Isai. xxviii. 10.

711

Tom. ii. p. 92 et seq.

712

It is true that what Dom. Calmet had said of this in his first edition, the only one M. Lenglet has seen, has been corrected in the following ones.

713

P. 155.

714

A bad foundation; credulous or interested authors.