Наука сознания. Современная теория субъективного опыта

7

G. Ryle, The Concept of Mind (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1949).

8

J. Joyce, Ulysses (Paris: Sylvia Beach, 1922). Русский перевод: Джойс Д. Улисс / Пер. с англ. В. Хинкиса и С. Хоружего; коммент. С. Хоружего. – М.: Республика, 1993.

9

D. Chalmers, The Character of Consciousness (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010); T. Nagel, “What Is It Like to Be a Bat?” The Philosophical Review 83 (1974): 435–50; J. R. Searle, “Consciousness,” Annual Review of Neuroscience 23 (2000): 557–78.

10

R. A. Koene, “Scope and Resolution in Neural Prosthetics and Special Concerns for the Emulation of a Whole Brain,” Journal of Geoethical Nanotechnology 1 (2006): 21–29; R. Kurzweil, The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology (New York: Penguin Books, 2006); H. Markram, E. Muller, S. Ramaswamy, M. W. Reimann, M. Abdellah, C. A. Sanchez, A. Ailamaki, et al., “Reconstruction and Simulation of Neocortical Microcircuitry,” Cell 163 (2015): 456–92; A. Sandberg and N. Bostrom, “Whole Brain Emulation: A Roadmap,” Technical Report #2008–3, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University, 2008.

11

И другие авторы убедительно описывали возможный ход эволюции сознания, включая туда связи сознания с вниманием (хотя делали это иначе, чем я). К примеру: C. Montemayor and H. H. Haladjian, Consciousness, Attention, and Conscious Attention (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2015); R. Ornstein, Evolution of Consciousness: The Origins of the Way We Think (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991).

12

O. Sakarya, K. A. Armstrong, M. Adamska, M. Adamski, I. F. Wang, B. Tidor, B. M. Degnan, T. H. Oakley, and K. S. Kosik, “A Post-Synaptic Scaffold at the Origin of the Animal Kingdom,” PLoS One 2 (2007): e506.

13

Z. Yin, M. Zhu, E. H. Davidson, D. J. Bottjer, F. Zhao, and P. Tafforeau, “Sponge Grade Body Fossil with Cellular Resolution Dating 60 Myr before the Cambrian,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 112 (2015): E1453–60.

14

D. H. Erwin, M. Laflamme, S. M. Tweedt, E. A. Sperling, D. Pisani, and K. J. Peterson, “The Cambrian Conundrum: Early Divergence and Later Ecological Success in the Early History of Animals,” Science 334 (2011): 1091–7; A. C. Marques and A. G. Collins, “Cladistic Analysis of Medusozoa and Cnidarian Evolution,” Invertebrate Biology 123 (2004): 23–42.

15

H. R. Bode, S. Heimfeld, O. Koizumi, C. L. Littlefield, and M. S. Yaross, “Maintenance and Regeneration of the Nerve Net in Hydra,” American Zoology 28 (1988): 1053–63.

16

R. B. Barlow Jr. and A. J. Fraioli, “Inhibition in the Limulus Lateral Eye in Situ,” Journal of General Physiology 71 (1978): 699–720.

17

K. Hadeler, “On the Theory of Lateral Inhibition,” Kybernetik 14 (1974): 161–5.

18

S. Koenemann and R. Jenner, Crustacea and Arthropod Relationships (Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2005).

19

B. Schoenemann, H. Pärnaste, and E. N. K. Clarkson, “Structure and Function of a Compound Eye, More Than Half a Billion Years Old,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 114 (2017): 13489–94.

20

R. Gillette and J. W. Brown, “The Sea Slug, Pleurobranchaea californica: A Signpost Species in the Evolution of Complex Nervous Systems and Behavior,” Integrative and Comparative Biology 55 (2015): 1058–69.

21

C. R. Smarandache-Wellmann, “Arthropod Neurons and Nervous System,” Current Biology 26 (2016): R960–R965.

22

S. Koenig, R. Wolf, and M. Heisenberg, “Visual Attention in Flies – Dopamine in the Mushroom Bodies Mediates the After-Effect of Cueing,” PLoS One 11 (2016): e0161412; B. van Swinderen, “Attention in Drosophila,” International Review of Neurobiology 99 (2011): 51–85.

23

D. H. Erwin, M. Laflamme, S. M. Tweedt, E. A. Sperling, D. Pisani, and K. J. Peterson, “The Cambrian Conundrum: Early Divergence and Later Ecological Success in the Early History of Animals,” Science 334 (211): 1091–97; B. Runnegar and J. Pojeta Jr., “Molluscan Phylogeny: The Paleontological Viewpoint,” Science 186 (1974): 311–17.

24

J. Kluessendorf and P. Doyle, “Pohlsepia mazonensis, an Early ‘Octopus’ from the Carboniferous of Illinois, USA,” Palaeontology 43 (2000): 919–26; A. R. Tanner, D. Fuchs, I. E. Winkelmann, M. T. Gilbert, M. S. Pankey, A. M. Ribeiro, K. M. Kocot, K. M. Halanych, T. H. Oakley, R. R. da Fonseca, D. Pisani, and J. Vinther, “Molecular Clocks Indicate Turnover and Diversification of Modern Coleoid Cephalopods during the Mesozoic Marine Revolution,” Proceedings of Royal Society, B, Biological Sciences 284 (2017): 20162818.

25

P. Godfrey-Smith, Other Minds: The Octopus, the Sea, and the Deep Origins of Consciousness (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2016); S. Montgomery, The Soul of an Octopus (New York: Atria Books, 2015).

26

A.-S. Darmaillacq, L. Dickel, and J. A. Mather, Cephalopod Cognition (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2014); D. B. Edelman, B. J. Baars, and A. K. Seth, “Identifying Hallmarks of Consciousness in Non-Mammalian Species,” Consciousness and Cognition 14 (2015): 169–87; J. N. Richter, B. Hochner, and M. J. Kuba, “Pull or Push? Octopuses Solve a Puzzle Problem,” PLoS One 11 (2016): e0152048.

27

B. Hochner, “An Embodied View of Octopus Neurobiology,” Current Biology 22 (2012): R887–92.

28

P. M. Merikle, D. Smilek, and J. D. Eastwood, “Perception without Awareness: Perspectives from Cognitive Psychology,” Cognition 79 (2001): 115–34; R. Szczepanowski and L. Pessoa, “Fear Perception: Can Objective and Subjective Awareness Measures Be Dissociated?” Journal of Vision 10 (2007): 1–17.

29

E. Knudsen and J. S. Schwartz, “The Optic Tectum, a Structure Evolved for Stimulus Selection,” in Evolution of Nervous Systems, ed. J. Kaas (San Diego: Academic Press, 2017), 387–408; C. Maximino, “Evolutionary Changes in the Complexity of the Tectum of Nontetrapods: A Cladistic Approach,” PLoS One 3 (2008): e3582.

30

D. Ingle, “Visuomotor Functions of the Frog Optic Tectum,” Brain, Behavior, and Evolution 3 (1970): 57–71.

31

Здесь авторская неточность. Роджер Сперри проводил подобные эксперименты в начале 1940-х гг. Работа 1943 г., на которую ссылается автор в Примечаниях, посвящена исследованию зрения тритонов без регенерации нерва. Упомянутый выше эксперимент был описан в работе 1944 г. “Optic nerve regeneration with return of vision in anurans”, опубликованной в Journal of neurophysiology. Полное библиографическое описание статьи см. в Примечаниях на с. 224. – Прим. науч. ред.

32

R. W. Sperry, “Effect of 180 Degree Rotation of the Retinal Field on Visuomotor Coordination,” Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology 92 (1943): 263–79; R. W. Sperry, “Optic nerve regeneration with return of vision in anurans,” Journal of neurophysiology 7.1 (1944): 57–69 (дополнение науч. ред.).

33

C. Comer and P. Grobstein, “Organization of Sensory Inputs to the Midbrain of the Frog, Rana pipiens,” Journal of Comparative Physiology 142 (1981): 161–68.

34

B. E. Stein and M. A. Meredith, The Merging of the Senses (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993).

35

C. Comer and P. Grobstein, “Organization of Sensory Inputs to the Midbrain of the Frog, Rana pipiens,” Journal of Comparative Physiology 142 (1981): 161–68; D. Ingle, “Visuomotor Functions of the Frog Optic Tectum,” Brain, Behavior, and Evolution 3 (1970): 57–71.

36

B. E. Stein and M. A. Meredith, The Merging of the Senses (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993).

37

T. Finkenstadt and J.-P. Ewert, “Visual Pattern Discrimination through Interactions of Neural Networks: A Combined Electrical Brain Stimulation, Brain Lesion, and Extracellular Recording Study in Salamandra salamandra,” Journal of Comparative Physiology 153 (1983): 99–110.

38

B. E. Stein and N. S. Gaither, “Sensory Representation in Reptilian Optic Tectum: Some Comparisons with Mammals,” Journal of Comparative Neurology 202 (1981): 69–87.

39

H. Vanegas and H. Ito, “Morphological Aspects of the Teleostean Visual System: A Review,” Brain Research 287 (1983): 117–37.

40

P. H. Hartline, L. Kass, and M. S. Loop, “Merging of Modalities in the Optic Tectum: Infrared and Visual Integration in Rattlesnakes,” Science 199 (1978): 1225–29.

41

S. P. Mysore and E. I. Knudsen, “The Role of a Midbrain Network in Competitive Stimulus Selection,” Current Opinion in Neurobiology 21 (2011): 653–60.

42

R. H. Wurtz and J. E. Albano, “Visual-Motor Function of the Primate Superior Colliculus,” Annual Review of Neuroscience 3 (1980): 189–226.

43

M. I. Posner, “Orienting of Attention,” Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 32 (1980): 3–25.

44

E. F. Camacho and C. Bordons Alba, Model Predictive Control (New York: Springer, 2004); R. C. Conant and W. R. Ashby, “Every Good Regulator of a System Must Be a Model of That System,” International Journal of Systems Science 1 (1970): 89–97; B. A. Francis and W. M. Wonham, “The Internal Model Principle of Control Theory,” Automatica 12 (1976): 457–65.

45

M. S. A. Graziano and M. M. Botvinick, “How the Brain Represents the Body: Insights from Neurophysiology and Psychology,” in Common Mechanisms in Perception and Action: Attention and Performance XIX, ed. W. Prinz and B. Hommel (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2002), 136–57; N. Holmes and C. Spence, “The Body Schema and the Multisensory Representation (s) of Personal Space,” Cognitive Processing 5 (2004): 94–105; F. de Vignemont, Mind the Body: An Exploration of Bodily Self-Awareness (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2018).

46

H. Head and G. Holmes, “Sensory Disturbances from Cerebral Lesions,” Brain 34 (1911): 102–254; G. Vallar and R. Ronchi, “Somatoparaphrenia: A Body Delusion. A Review of the Neuropsychological Literature,” Experimental Brain Research 192 (2009): 533–51.

47

A. M. Haith and J. W. Krakauer, “Model-Based and Model-Free Mechanisms of Human Motor Learning,” in Progress in Motor Control: Neural Computational and Dynamic Approaches, Volume 782, ed. M. Richardson, M. Riley, and K. Shockley (New York: Springer, 2013), 1–21; S. M. McDougle, K. M. Bond, and J. A. Taylor, “Explicit and Implicit Processes Constitute the Fast and Slow Processes of Sensorimotor Learning,” Journal of Neuroscience 35 (2015): 9568–79; R. Shadmehr and F. A. Mussa-Ivaldi, “Adaptive Representation of Dynamics during Learning of a Motor Task,” Journal of Neuroscience 14 (1994): 3208–24.