The Life of Cicero. Volume II.

205

Ad Att., lib. xvi., 11.

206

On referring to the Milo, ca. xv., the reader will see the very different tone in which Cicero spoke of this incident when Antony was in favor with him.

207

It was a sign of an excellent character in Rome to have been chosen often as heir in part to a man's property.

208

Horace, Odes, lib. iii., 30.

209

Ad Att., lib. xvi., 14.

210

Philippics, lib. vi., 1.

211

"Populum Romanum servire fas non est, quem dii immortales omnibus gentibus imperare voluerunt."

212

Ad Div., lib. xi., 8.

213

Ad Div., lib. x., 3.

214

Ad Brutum, lib. ii., 6.

215

Appian. De Bell. Civ., lib. iii., ca. 26.

216

Vell. Pat., lib. ii., 62: "Quæ omnia senatus decretis comprensa et comprobata sunt."

217

Ad Div., lib. xii., 7. This is in a letter to Cassius, in which he says, "Promisi enim et prope confirmavi, te non expectasse nec expectaturum decreta nostra, sed te ipsum tuo more rempublicam defensurum."

218

Appian, lib. iii., ca. 50. The historian of the civil wars declares that Piso spoke up for Antony, saying that he should not be damnified by loose statements, but should be openly accused. Feelings ran very high, but Cicero seems to have held his own.

219

Ad Div., lib. x., 27.

220

Suetonius, Augustus, lib. xi.

221

Tacitus, Ann., lib. i., x.: "Cæsis Hirtio et Pansa, sive hostis illos, seu Pansam venenum vulneri affusum, sui milites Hirtium et, machinator doli, Cæsar abstulerat."

222

Philip., xiv., 3: "Omnibus, quanquam ruit ipse suis cladibus, pestem, vastitatem, cruciatum, tormenta denuntiat."

223

Philip., xiv., 12: "O fortunata mors, quæ naturæ debita, pro patria est potissimum reddita."

224

Ad Div., lib. xi., 9.

225

Ibid., lib. xi., 10.

226

Ibid., lib. xi., 11.

227

Ibid., lib. xi., 18.

228

Ad Div., lib. x., 34.

229

Ad Brutum, lib. i., 4.

230

Ad Div., lib. xi., 20: "Ipsum Cæsarem nihil sane de te questum, nisi quod diceret, te dixisse, laudandum adolescentem, ornandum, tollendum."

231

Ad Div., lib. xii., 10.

232

Appian, lib. iii., 92.

233

Dio Cassius, lib. xlvi., 46.

234

Vell. Paterculus, lib. ii., 65.

235

Vell. Paterculus, lib. ii., 66: "Repugnante Cæsare, sed frustra adversus duos, instauratum Sullani exempli malum, proscriptio."

236

Vell. Paterculus, lib. ii., 66: "Nihil tam indignum illo tempore fuit, quam quod aut Cæsar aliquem proscribere coactus est, aut ab ullo Cicero proscriptus est."

237

Suetonius, Augustus, 27: "In quo restitit quidem aliquamdiu collegis, ne qua fieret proscriptio, sed inceptam utroque acerbius exercuit."

238

Phil., iv., ca. xviii.

239

In the following list I have divided the latter, making the Moral Essays separate from the Philosophy.

240

I have given here those treatises which are always printed among the works of Cicero.

241

De Inventione, lib. ii., 4.

242

Quintilian, in his Proæmium or Preface: "Oratorem autem instituimus illum perfectum, qui esse nisi vir bonus non potest." It seems as though there had almost been the question whether the perfect orator could exist, although there was no question he had never done so as yet.

243

Quint., lib. iii., 1: "Præcipuum vero lumen sicut eloquentiæ, ita præceptis quoque ejus, dedit unicum apud nos specimen orandi, docendique oratorias artes, M. Tullius." And in Tacitus, De Oratoribus, xxx.: "Ita ex multa eruditione, ex pluribus artibus," he says, speaking of Cicero, "et omnium rerum scientia exundat, et exuberat illa admirabilis eloquentia; neque oratoris vis et facultas, sicut ceterarum rerum, angustis et brevibus terminis cluditur; sed is est orator, qui de omni quæstione pulchre, et ornate, et ad persuadendum apte dicere, pro dignitate rerum, ad utilitatem temporum, cum voluptate audientium possit." This has not the ring of Tacitus, but it shows equally well the opinion of the day.

244

De Oratore, lib. i., ca. xi.

245

Ibid., lib. i., ca. xxv.

246

Ibid., lib, i., ca. xliv.

247

Ibid., lib. i., ca. lii.

248

Ibid., lib. i., ca. lx.

249

De Oratore, lib. ii., ca. i.

250

Ibid., lib. ii., ca. vii.

251

Ibid., lib. ii., ca. xv.

252

Ibid., lib. ii., ca. xxiv.

253

De Oratore, lib. ii., ca. xxvii.: "Ut probemus vera esse ea, quæ defendimus; ut conciliemus nobis eos, qui audiunt; ut animos eorum, ad quemcumque causa postulabit motum, vocemus."

254

Ibid., lib. ii., ca. xliv.

255

De Oratore, lib. ii., ca. lxviii.

256

De Oratore, lib. iii., ca. liv.

257

Ibid., lib. iii., ca. lv.

258

Brutus, ca. xii.

259

Ibid., ca. xvii.

260

Ibid., ca. xxxviii.

261

Ibid., ca. l.

262

Ibid., ca. lvii.

263

Ibid., ca. lxxv.

264

Brutus, ca. xciii.

265

De Divinatione, lib. ii., 1.

266

Orator, ca. ii.

267

Orator, ca. xxvi.

268

Ibid., ca. xxviii.

269

Ibid., ca. xxxvi. Here his language becomes very fine.

270

Ad. Att., lib. xiv., 20.

271

Topica, ca. 1: "Itaque haec quum mecum libros non haberem, memoria repetita, in ipsa navigatione conscripsi, tibique ex itinere misi."

272

Quint., lib. xi., 3. The translations of these epithets are "open, obscure, full, thin, light, rough, shortened, lengthened, harsh, pliable, clear, clouded."

273

Brutus, ca. xxxviii.

274

De Oratore, lib. i., ca. liii.

275

Academica, ii., lib. i., ca. iii.

276

Ibid., i., lib. ii., ca. vii.

277

Ibid., lib. ii., ca. xii.

278

Ibid., lib. ii., ca. xxix.

279

Academica, i., lib. ii., ca. xxxvii.

280

Ibid., lib. ii., ca. xxxix.

281

Pro Murena, ca. xxix.

282

De Finibus, lib. i., ca. iii.

283

Ibid., lib. i., ca. v.

284

De Finibus, lib. ii., ca. xxx.

285

De Finibus, lib iii., ca. xxii.

286

De Finibus, lib. iv., ca. 1.

287

De Finibus, lib. v., ca. ii.

288

Ibid., lib. v., ca. xix.

289

Ibid., lib. v., ca. xxiii.

290

Epis., lib. i., 1, 14.

291

Tus. Disp., lib. v., ca. xi.

292

Tus. Disp., lib. i., ca. xxx.

293

De Natura Deo., lib. i., ca. iv.

294

Ibid., lib. i., ca. ix.

295

Ibid., lib. i., ca. xiv.

296

Ibid., lib. ii., ca. xxix.

297

De Nat. Deo., lib. ii., ca. liv., lv.

298

De Nat. Deo., lib. iii., ca. xxvii.

299

De Divinatione, lib. ii., ca. xxxiii.

300

De Divinatione, lib. i., ca. xviii.

301

Ibid., lib. i., ca. xlvii.

302

De Divinatione, lib. ii., ca. i.

303

Horace, Ep., lib. ii., ca. i.:

"Greece, conquered Greece, her conqueror subdued,And Rome grew polished who till then was rude."Conington's Translation.

304

De Divinatione, lib. ii., ca. ii.

305

Ibid., lib. ii., ca. li.

306

The story of Simon Du Bos and his MS. has been first told to me by Mr. Tyrell in his first volume of the Correspondence of Cicero, p. 88. That a man should have been such a scholar, and yet such a liar, and should have gone to his long account content with the feeling that he had cheated the world by a fictitious MS., when his erudition, if declared, would have given him a scholar's fame, is marvellous. Perhaps he intended to be discovered. I, for one, should not have heard of Bosius but for his lie.

307

De Republica, lib. iii. It is useless to give the references here. It is all fragmentary, and has been divided differently as new information has been obtained.

308

De Legibus, lib. i., ca. vii.

309

De Legibus, lib. i., ca. x.

310

Ibid., lib. ii., ca. xviii.

311

De Legibus, lib. iii., ca. ix., x.

312

Ibid., lib. iii., xvii.

313

De Senectute, ca. ix.

314

Ibid., ca. x.

315

Ibid., ca. xi.

316

Ibid., ca. xviii.

317

Ibid., ca. xxi.

318

De Amicitia, ca. xix.

319

De Officiis, lib. ii., ca. v.

320

Ibid., lib. i., ca. xvii.

321

De Officiis, lib. i., ca. xxix: "Suppeditant autem et campus noster et studia venandi, honesta exempla ludendi." The passage is quoted here as an antidote to that extracted some time since from one of his letters, which has been used to show that hunting was no occupation for a "polite man" – as he, Cicero, had disapproved of Pompey's slaughter of animals on his new stage.

322

Ibid., lib. i., ca. xxxi.

323

De Officiis, lib. i., ca. xxxvi. It is impossible not to be reminded by this passage of Lord Chesterfield's letters to his son, written with the same object; but we can see at once that the Roman desired in his son a much higher type of bearing than the Englishman. The following is the advice given by the Englishman: "A thousand little things, not separately to be defined, conspire to form these graces – this 'je ne sais quoi' that always pleases. A pretty person; genteel motions; a proper degree of dress; an harmonious voice, something open and cheerful in the countenance, but without laughing; a distinct and properly raised manner of speaking – all these things and many others are necessary ingredients in the composition of the pleasing 'je ne sais quoi' which everybody feels, though nobody can describe. Observe carefully, then, what displeases or pleases you in others, and be persuaded that, in general, the same thing will please or displease them in you. Having mentioned laughing, I must particularly warn you against it; and I could wish that you may often be seen to smile, but never heard to laugh, while you live." I feel sure that Cicero would laugh, and was heard to laugh, and yet that he was always true to the manners of a gentleman.

324

De Officiis, lib. i., ca. xlii.

325

De Officiis, lib. ii., l.

326

Ibid., lib. ii., ca. xiii.

327

Ibid., lib. ii., ca. xiv.

328

De Officiis, lib. ii., ca. xxiv.

329

Ibid., lib. iii., ca. i.

330

De Republica, lib. vi. It is useless to give the chapters, as the treatise, being fragmentary, is differently divided in different editions.

331

Ad Archiam, ca. xii.

332

De Republica, lib. vi.

333

Academica, 2, lib. i., ca. vii.

334

Academica, 1, lib. ii., ca. xxxviii.

335

De Officiis, lib. i., ca. xliv.

336

Tusc. Disputationes, lib. i., ca. xxx.

337

De Finibus, lib. v., ca. xxiii.