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The Disease of Chopin. A comprehensive study of a lifelong suffering
Respiratory system
Chopin’s lung problems are dated back to his adolescence with prolonged episodes of cough and lymphadenopathy. There are reports of Chopin’s repeated exacerbations of nasal infection with substantial blockage of air passage (i.e. a possibility of polyps), pulmonary infections with productive cough, hemoptysis and recurrent fevers, later chronic dyspnea109. O’Shea (1987) and Kuzemko (1994) citing G. Sand argue that a cavitating lesion was not found during an auscultation of Chopin’s chest (by Dr. Papet)110.
The bouts of cough and dyspnea accompanied Chopin throughout most of his adult life. Long (1956) describes the episodes of hemoptysis consisted of blood streaking purulent sputum as “a picture of bronchiectasis or chronic bronchitis”111
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Примечания
1
Long, E. (1956), “A History of the Therapy of Tuberculosis and the Case of Frederic Chopin”. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1956.
2
O’Shea, J. (1987), “Was Frédéric Chopin’s illness actually cystic fibrosis?”. Med J Aust. Dec 7—21; 147 (11—12), 586—9.
3
Search results, retreived on 16. October 2013 at: [битая ссылка] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Frederic+Chopin+disease.
4
Search results, retreived on 16. October 2013 at: [битая ссылка] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Frederic+Chopin.
5
Search results, retreived on 16. October 2013 at: [битая ссылка] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed.
6
Search results, retreived on 16. October 2013 at: http://www.questia.com/searchglobal?q=keyword!frederic%20chopin%20disease!allwords#00000Book.
7
.Search results, retreived on 16. October 2013 at: [битая ссылка] http://apps.webofknowledge.com/summary.do?SID=Z1oHXp5Dd8JgXZBKJ5H&product=UA&qid=2&search_mode=GeneralSearch.
8
Kubba, A.,Young, M. (1998), “The long suffering of Frederic Chopin”. Chest 113 (1), 210—6.
9
Sorbie, S. (2010), “Frédérick Francois Chopin”. Orthopedics. Vol. 33 (3), pp. 146.
10
Marek, G.R., Gordon-Smith, M. (1978) “Chopin”. New York: Harper & Row,:15,
11
a). Ganche, E. (1926) “Frédéric Chopin: Sa Vie et Oeuvres”. Paris, as cited in Kuzemko, J. (1994), “Chopin’s illnesses”, J Roy Soc Med 87, 769—772. b). Böhme, G. (1981), “Medizinische Portrats berühmter Komponisten: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, Carl Maria von Weber, Frederic Chopin, Peter Iljitsch Tschaikowski, Bela Bartok”. (German Edition), G. Fischer. c) Mysakowski, P. (2010), “Fryderyk Chopin: The Origins”. The Chopin Institute.
12
Myslakowski, P. (2010), “Was Chopin born 200 years ago?”. Magazyn Chopin.
13
Retrieved from [битая ссылка] https://archive.org/details/2544080R.nlm.nih.gov at the 1st of February, 2014.
14
a) Gomis, M., Sanches, B. (2000), “Music and infectious diseases”. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2000 Nov; 6 (11):575—8. b) Kuzemko, J. (1994), “Chopin’s illnesses”. J Roy Soc Med 87, 769—772. c) Böhme, G. (1981), “Medizinische Portrats berühmter Komponisten: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, Carl Maria von Weber, Frederic Chopin, Peter Iljitsch Tschaikowski, Bela Bartok”. (German Edition), G. Fischer. d). Majka, L., Gozdzik, J. (2003), “Cystic fibrosis – a probable cause of Frederic Chopin’s suffering and death”. J Appl Genet. 2003; 44 (1), 77—84, referring to Sieluzycki, C. (1981), “Frederick Chopin’s diseases. Their pathogenesis and treatment”. Arch Hist Med (Warsz). 1981;44 (3—4):237—56.
15
Böhme, G. (1981), “Medizinische Portrats berühmter Komponisten: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, Carl Maria von Weber, Frederic Chopin, Peter Iljitsch Tschaikowski, Bela Bartok”. (German Edition), G. Fischer. p.111.
16
Marek, G. (1979) “Chopin”. New York: Harper and Row, 1979, cited in Kuzemko, J. (1994), “Chopin’s illnesses”. J Roy Soc Med 87, 769—772.
17
Breitenfeld, D., Kust, D.,Turuk, V., Vucak, I., Buljan, D., Zupanic, M., Lucijanic, M. (2010), “Frederic Chopin and Other Composers Tuberculotics – Pathography”. Alcoholism 46 (2), 101—7.
18
Gomis, M., Sanches, B. (2000), “Music and infectious diseases”. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2000 Nov; 6 (11):575—8.
19
Majka, L., Gozdzik, J. (2003), “Cystic fibrosis – a probable cause of Frederic Chopin’s suffering and death”. J Appl Genet. 2003;44 (1):77—84, referring to Sieluzycki (1981).
20
Franzen, C. (2010), “Frederic Chopin, Robert Schumann und Gustav Mahler: Musik und Medizin zwischen Romantik und Moderne”, DMW – Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift., Dec, 2010. Vol. 135 (51/52), pp. 2579—2587. Thieme Publishing Group.
21
Ganche, E. (1935), “Souffrances de Frederic Chopin. Essai de médecine et de psychologie”. Paris: Mercure de France, p. 115.
22
O’Shea, J. (1987), “Was Frédéric Chopin’s illness actually cystic fibrosis?”. Med J Aust. Dec 7—21;147 (11—12), 586—9
23
Breitenfeld, D., Kust, D.,Turuk, V., Vucak, I., Buljan, D., Zupanic, M., Lucijanic, M. (2010), “Frederic Chopin and Other Composers Tuberculotics – Pathography”. Alcoholism 46 (2), 101—7.
24
Erlinger, S. (2010), “Frederic Chopin and Michael Jackson: What could they have in common?”, Gastroenterologie Clinique et Biologique 34 (4—5), 246, referring to G. Sand’s and F. Liszt’s accounts.
25
Kubba, A., Young, M. (1998), “The long suffering of Frederic Chopin”, Chest 113 (1), 210—6
26
Majka, L., Gozdzik, J. (2003), “Cystic fibrosis – a probable cause of Frederic Chopin’s suffering and death”. J Appl Genet. 2003;44 (1):77—84, referring to Sieluzycki (1981).“Frederick Chopin’s diseases. Their pathogenesis and treatment”. Arch Hist Med (Warsz). 1981;44 (3—4):237—56 44 (3—4), 237—56.
27
Chopin, F., Scharlitt, B. “Friederich Chopins gesammelte Briefe”. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1911, as cited in Franzen, C. (2010), “Frederic Chopin, Robert Schumann und Gustav Mahler: Musik und Medizin zwischen Romantik und Moderne”, DMW – Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift., Dec, 2010. Vol. 135 (51/52), pp. 2579—2587. Thieme Publishing Group. and in O’Shea, J. (1987), “Was Frédéric Chopin’s illness actually cystic fibrosis?”. Med J Aust. Dec 7—21;147 (11—12), 586—9.
28
Kubba, A., Young, M. (1998), “The long suffering of Frederic Chopin”, Chest 113 (1), 210—6
29
as cited in Ganche, E. (1935), “Souffrances de Frederic Chopin. Essai de médecine et de psychologie”. Paris: Mercure de France, p. 116.
30
O’Shea, J. (1987), “Was Frédéric Chopin’s illness actually cystic fibrosis?”. Med J Aust. Dec 7—21;147 (11—12), 586—9.
31
Wilfred, N. (2011), “Chopin’s heart”, Hektoen Int’l Volume 3, Issue 1, referring to Long, E. (1956), “A History of the Therapy of Tuberculosis and the Case of Frederic Chopin”, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1956.
32
O’Shea, J. (1987), “Was Frédéric Chopin’s illness actually cystic fibrosis?”. Med J Aust. Dec 7—21;147 (11—12), 586—9.
33
Hedley, A. “Selected correspondence of Fryderyk Chopin”. London: Heinemann; 1962, as cited in Wilfred, N. (2011), “Chopin’s heart”, Hektoen Int’l Volume 3, Issue 1.
34
Ganche, E. (1935), “Souffrances de Frederic Chopin. Essai de médecine et de psychologie”. Paris: Mercure de France, p. 120.
35
a) O’Shea, J. (1987), “Was Frédéric Chopin’s illness actually cystic fibrosis?”. Med J Aust. Dec 7—21;147 (11—12), 586—9. b). Chopin F, Scharlitt B. (1911). “Friederich Chopins gesammelte Briefe”. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, as cited by Franzen C (2010), “Frederic Chopin, Robert Schumann und Gustav Mahler: Musik und Medizin zwischen Romantik und Moderne”, DMW – Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift., Dec, 2010. Vol. 135 (51/52), pp. 2579—2587. Thieme Publishing Group.
36
Chopin, F., Scharlitt, B. (1911). “Friederich Chopins gesammelte Briefe”. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, as cited by Franzen C (2010), “Frederic Chopin, Robert Schumann und Gustav Mahler: Musik und Medizin zwischen Romantik und Moderne”, DMW – Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift., Dec, 2010. Vol. 135 (51/52), pp. 2579—2587. Thieme Publishing Group.
37
Szulc, T. (1999), “Chopin In Paris: The Life And Times Of The Romantic Composer”. Da Capo Press, as cited in Caruncho, V. M. & Fernandez, B. F. (2011), “The hallucinations of Frederic Chopin”, Medical Humanities 37 (1), 5—8.
38
O’Shea, J. (1987), “Was Frédéric Chopin’s illness actually cystic fibrosis?”. Med J Aust. Dec 7—21;147 (11—12), 586—9.
39
Letter to Fontana on December, 14, 1838 in Niecks, Vol. II, p. 27.
40
Letter to Fontana on January, 12, 1839 in Niecks, Vol. II, pp. 30—31.
41
Adamczyk-Schmid, B. (1986—1990), “Les variantes du texte de Frédéric Chopin dans les manuscrits musicaux de la collection d’Anne-Marie Boutroux de Ferrà’s Collection in Valldemossa” in: “Chopin Studies” 3, The International Musicological Symposium “Chopin and Romanticism” Warsaw, 17—23 October 1986, Warsaw 1990, {Adamczyk-Schmid 1990}, cited by Institute Chopin (PL), retrieved on August 18, 2014 from http://www.chopin.pl/majorca.en.html#8.
42
Sand, G., Letter to Mme Marliani, January 15, 1839 in Niecks, Vol. II, pp.31—32.
43
Sand, G. “Winter in Majorca”. Graves, R., transl. 1956:135—45, as cited in Kuzemko, J. (1994), “Chopin’s illnesses”. J Roy Soc Med 87, 769—772.
44
O’Shea, J. (1987), “Was Frédéric Chopin’s illness actually cystic fibrosis?”. Med J Aust. Dec 7—21;147 (11—12), 586—9.
45
Kuzemko, J. (1994), “Chopin’s illnesses”. J Roy Soc Med 87, 769—772.
46
Ebadi, M. (2007). “[битая ссылка] Pharmacodynamic Basis of Herbal Medicine”. CRC Press. p. 203. [битая ссылка] ISBN [битая ссылка] 9780849370502.
47
Kuzemko, J. (1994), “Chopin’s illnesses”. J Roy Soc Med 87, 769—772.
48
Kuzemko, J. (1994), the same as above.
49
Karasowski, M. (1906),“Frederic Chopin: His Life and Letters”.
50
a) Marek G. (1978) “Chopin”. New York, 1978:15, cited in Kuzemko, J. (1994), “Chopin’s illnesses”. J Roy Soc Med 87, 769—772. b). Majka, L., Gozdzik, J. (2003), “Cystic fibrosis – a probable cause of Frederic Chopin’s suffering and death”. J Appl Genet. 2003;44 (1):77—84,
51
Franken, F.H. (1959), “Das Leben grosser Musiker im Spiegel der Medizin: Schubert, Chopin, Mendelssohn”, Stuttgart, as cited in Böhme, G. (1981), “Medizinische Portrats berühmter Komponisten: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, Carl Maria von Weber, Frederic Chopin, Peter Iljitsch Tschaikowski, Bela Bartok”. (German Edition), G. Fischer.
52
According to Chopin’s letter to his friend Grzymala, as cited in Ganche, E. (1935), “Souffrances de Frederic Chopin. Essai de médecine et de psychologie”. Paris: Mercure de France, p.78.
53
Such as Majka, L., Gozdzik, J. (2003), “Cystic fibrosis – a probable cause of Frederic Chopin’s suffering and death”. J Appl Genet. 2003;44 (1):77—84.
54
a). Mysakowski, P. (2010), “Fryderyk Chopin: The Origins”. The Fryderyk Chopin Institute. b). Myslakowski, P. (2010), “Was Chopin born 200 years ago?”. Magazyn Chopin.
55
Neumayr, A. (2007), “Berümte Komponisten im Spiegel der Medizin” Ibera; Auflage: überarb. Neuaufl. (19. November 2007).
56
Kumar, V., Becker, T., Jansen, S., van Barneveld, A., Boztug, K., Wölfl, S., Tümmler, B. and Stanke, F. (2008), “Expression levels of FAS are regulated through an evolutionary conserved element in intron 2, which modulates cystic fibrosis disease severity”, Genes and Immunity., Aug, 2008. Vol. 9 (8), pp. 689—696. Nature Publishing Group.
57
Baur, E.G. (2012), “Chopin”. DTV Deutscher Taschenbuch.
58
Retrieved from http://www.ined.fr/en/everything_about_population/graph_month/life_expectancy_france/ on February 10 2014).
59
Hazard, J. (2005), “The adventures of doctor Jean Matuszinski, friend of Frederic Chopin, from Warsaw in 1808 to Paris in 1842”, Hist Sci Med. 39 (2), 161—8.
60
Kuzemko, J. (1994), “Chopin’s illnesses”. J Roy Soc Med 87, 769—772.
61
Karasowski, M. (1938) “Frederic Chopin: His Life and Letters”. 3rd edn. p. 9, as cited in Kuzemko, J. (1994), “Chopin’s illnesses”. J Roy Soc Med 87, 769—772.
62
Caruncho, V. M., Fernandez, B. F. (2011), “The hallucinations of Frederic Chopin”, Medical Humanities 37 (1), 5—8.
63
Niecks, F. (1889) “The Life of Chopin”. Novelle, as cited in Kuzemko, J. (1994), “Chopin’s illnesses”, J Roy Soc Med 87, 769—772.
64
[битая ссылка] Mysłakowski, P., [битая ссылка] A. Sikorski (January 2006), The Frederic Chopin Institute. Retrieved Jan 26, 2014 from [битая ссылка] http://web.archive.org/web/20101022022619/http://en.chopin.nifc.pl/chopin/persons/detail/id/6362).
65
Ventura, H., Mehra, M. (2005), “Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure”. CRC Press, referring to John Blackall, 1813.
66
a). Kuzemko, J. (1994), “Chopin’s illnesses”. J Roy Soc Med 87, 769—772. b). Caruncho, V. M., Fernandez, B. F. (2011), “The hallucinations of Frederic Chopin”, Medical Humanities 37 (1), 5—8.
67
Kuzemko, J. (1994), “Chopin’s illnesses”. J Roy Soc Med 87, 769—772.
68
a). Clavier, A, (1984), “Dans l’entourage de Chopin”. vol. 2, Lens. b). Mysłakowski,, P, Sikorski (2005) A, “Chopinowie. Krąg rodzinno-towarzyski”, Warszawa. c). J. Siwkowska (1986—1996) “Nokturn czyli rodzina Fryderyka Chopina i Warszawa w latach 1832—1881” [A Nocturne. Fryderyk Chopin’s family in the years 1832—1881], vols. 1—3, Warsaw.
69
a). Kuzemko, J. (1994), “Chopin’s illnesses”. J Roy Soc Med 87, 769—772. b). Marek, G.R., Gordon-Smith M. (1978) “Chopin”. New York: Harper & Row, as cited in Caruncho (2011) and Reuben, G. (2003), “Chopin’s serpin”. Hepatology Volume 37, Issue 2, 485—8, retrieved on 14 Februar 2014 from [битая ссылка] http://web.archive.org/web/20100312185417/http://en.chopin.nifc.pl/chopin/persons/detail/cat/9/id/6368:
70
a). Ganche, E. (1935), “Souffrances de Frederic Chopin. Essai de médecine et de psychologie”. Paris: Mercure de France. b) Myslakowski, P. & Sikorski, A. (2006), “Justyna Chopin”.
71
as cited by Ganche, E. (1935), “Souffrances de Frederic Chopin. Essai de médecine et de psychologie”. Paris: Mercure de France, p.117.
72
Kuzemko, J. (1994) and Marek G.R., Gordon-Smith M. (1978) “Chopin”. New York: Harper & Row, as cited by Caruncho, J. (2010) and Reuben, A. (2003), “Chopin’s serpin”, Hepatology Volume 37, Issue 2, 485—8, retrieved on the 14th August 2014 from [битая ссылка] http://web.archive.org/web/20100312185417/http://en.chopin.nifc.pl/chopin/persons/detail/cat/9/id/6368:
73
Harper, J., Besa, E., Conrad, M., Sacher, R., Schick, P. (2013), “Iron Deficiency Anemia”, Medscape, retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/202333-overview#showall on Tuesday, February 11, 2014.
74
a). Ogle, J. (1891), “Concerning bloodletting”, The Lancet 137 (3532), 1029—1032. b). Turk, J. L., Allen, E. (1983), “Bleeding and cupping”, Ann R Coll Surg Engl 65 (2), 128 – 131.
75
Turk, J. L., Allen, E. (1983), the same as above.
76
Szpilszynski, S. (1961) “War Chopin Allergiker?”. Ciba-Symposium 9 (6): 283—289.
77
Ganche, E. (1935), “Souffrances de Frederic Chopin. Essai de médecine et de psychologie”. Paris: Mercure de France, p.136.
78
Kuzemko, J. (1994), “Chopin’s illnesses”. J Roy Soc Med 87, 769—772.
79
Haustein, K. (2004), “Fritz Lickint (1898—1960): Ein Leben als Aufklärer über die Gefahren des Tabaks”. Suchtmed 6 (3): pp. 249—55.
80
Eigeldinger, J.J. (1986) “Chopin Pianist and Teacher as Seen by his Pupils”. 3rd edn. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, as cited in Caruncho, V. M. & Fernandez, B. F. (2011), “The hallucinations of Frederic Chopin”, Medical Humanities 37 (1), 5—8.
81
The same as above.
82
Hodgson, B. (2001) “In the Arms of Morpheus: The Tragic History of Laudanum, Morphine, And Patent Medicines”. Diane Pub Co.
83
Museum of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society, 2007, retrieved from [битая ссылка] http://www.rpharms.com/museum-pdfs/d-melancholiaandmania.pdf on February 13, 2014)
84
“Opium tincture drug information”, from the Merck Manual for health care professionals. Retrieved from [битая ссылка] http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/lexicomp/opium%20tincture.html on 13 Feb 2014.
85
Da Costa, J.L., Tock E.P., Boey H.K. (1971), “Lung disease with chronic obstruction in opium smokers in Singapore. Clinical, electrocardiographic, radiological, functional and pathological features”, Thorax., Sep, 1971. Vol. 26 (5), pp. 555—571.
86
Breitenfeld, D., Kust, D., Turuk, V., Vucak, I., Buljan, D., Zupanic, M., Lucijanic, M. (2010), “Frederic Chopin and Other Composers Tuberculotics – Pathography”. Alcoholism 46 (2), 101—7.
87
Long, E. (1956) “A History of the Therapy of Tuberculosis and the Case of Frederic Chopin”. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, p.10.
88
Caruncho, V. M., Fernandez, B. F. (2011), “The hallucinations of Frederic Chopin”. Medical Humanities 37 (1), 5—8.
89
Baur, E.G. (2012), “Chopin” DTV Deutscher Taschenbuch.
90
Böhme, G. (1981), “Medizinische Portrats berühmter Komponisten: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, Carl Maria von Weber, Frederic Chopin, Peter Iljitsch Tschaikowski, Bela Bartok”. (German Edition), G. Fischer.
91
Wüst, H. W. (2007), “Frederic Chopin”. Bouvier Verlag.
92
O’Shea, J. (1993) “Music and Medicine”. London: JM Dent, p.140, as cited by Kuzemko, 1994.
93
Erlinger, S. (2010), “Frederic Chopin and Michael Jackson: What could they have in common?”, Gastroenterologie Clinique et Biologique 34 (4—5), 246—249.
94
Bone, A. (1848) “Sir James Hedderick”. Glasgow: Sterling, 73—4, as cited by Kuzemko, 1994.
95
O’Shea, J. (1987), “Was Frédéric Chopin’s illness actually cystic fibrosis?”. Med J Aust. Dec 7—21;147 (11—12), 586—9, referring to a 1844 sketch by Pauline Viardot (s. Appendix 3),
96
Böhme, G. (1981), “Medizinische Portrats berühmter Komponisten: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, Carl Maria von Weber, Frederic Chopin, Peter Iljitsch Tschaikowski, Bela Bartok”. (German Edition), G. Fischer.
97
Liszt, F. as cited in O’Shea, J. (1987), “Was Frédéric Chopin’s illness actually cystic fibrosis?”. Med J Aust. Dec 7—21;147 (11—12), 586—9.
98
O’Shea, J. (1987), “Was Frédéric Chopin’s illness actually cystic fibrosis?”. Med J Aust. Dec 7—21;147 (11—12), 586—9.
99
Erlinger, S. (2010), “Frederic Chopin and Michael Jackson: What could they have in common?”, Gastroenterologie Clinique et Biologique 34 (4—5), 246—249.
100
O’Shea, J. (1987), “Was Frédéric Chopin’s illness actually cystic fibrosis?”. Med J Aust. Dec 7—21;147 (11—12), 586—9.
101
a). Cheng, T. O. (1998), “Chopin’s Illness Revisited”, CHEST Journal 114 (6), 1796. b). Cheng, T. O. (1998), “Chopin’s Illness”, CHEST Journal 114 (2), 654, referreing to the Merck Manual.
102
Kuzemko, J. (1994), “Chopin’s illnesses”. J Roy Soc Med 87, 769—772.
103
Kuzemko, J. (1994), the same as above.
104
O’Shea, J. (1987), “Was Frédéric Chopin’s illness actually cystic fibrosis?”. Med J Aust. Dec 7—21;147 (11—12), 586—9.
105
Chopin, F., Scharlitt, B. (1911) “Friederich Chopins gesammelte Briefe”. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, as cited by Franzen, C. (2010), “Frederic Chopin, Robert Schumann und Gustav Mahler: Musik und Medizin zwischen Romantik und Moderne”, DMW – Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift., Dec, 2010. Vol. 135 (51/52), pp. 2579—2587. Thieme Publishing Group. and by O’Shea, J. (1987) in “Was Frédéric Chopin’s illness actually cystic fibrosis?”, Med J Aust. Dec 7—21;147 (11—12), 586—9.