The History of the Times: The Murdoch Years

136

Evans Day File, 22 May 1981.

137

Evans to N. P. L. Price, 27 May 1981, Evans Day File.

138

Anthony Holden to the author, interview, 9 April 2003.

139

Ibid.

140

Gerald Long to Herbert Kremp (joint editor-in-chief Die Welt), 15 June 1981, Evans file 1, A153–658; TNL News.

141

John Grieg to Harold Evans, 9 March 1981 Evans box 1.

142

Evans, Good Times, Bad Times, pp. 271, 274.

143

Evans, press release, 30 July 1981.

144

Lord Astor to Gerald Long, 30 July 1981, A153–655.

145

TNL News, August 1981.

146

Jack Lonsdale, letter in TNL News, October 1981.

147

Evans to Colin Watson, 10 January 1982, Evans Day File A759/9329.

148

Evans to Henry Kissinger, 21 May 1981, Evan Day File.

149

Frank Johnson to the author, interview, 15 January 2003.

150

Paul Johnson, Spectator, 11 March and 21 March 1981.

151

Fred Emery, The Times, 11 March 1981.

152

The Times, leading article (by Harold Evans), 11 March 1981; Evans Good Times, Bad Times, p. 214.

153

Evans to Michael Foot, 26 March 1981, Evans Day File A327/3626.

154

Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, pp. 137–8.

155

The Times, 30 March 1981.

156

The Times, leading article, ‘An Avalanche of Economists’, 31 March 1981.

157

Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 138.

158

Patrick Minford, The Times, 7 April 1981.

159

Nigel Lawson, The View from No. 11, 1992, p. 98.

160

‘The Price of Floating’, leading article, The Times, 8 July 1981.

161

‘The Ottawa Opportunity’, leading article, The Times, 17 July 1981; see Grigg, The Thomson Years, p. 390; Edmund Dell, The Chancellors, p. 427.

162

James Tobin, The Times, 14 October 1981.

163

‘Britain’s Economic Legacy’, leading article, The Times, 27 January 1982.

164

‘The Flexible Side of EMS’, leading article, The Times, 6 October 1981.

165

‘Wanted: European Vision’, leading article, The Times, 2 December 1981.

166

Charles Hargrove and Ian Murray, The Times, 11 March 1981.

167

‘The Choice for France’, leading article, The Times, 12 May 1981.

168

Ronald Butt, The Times, 14 May 1981.

169

Letter to the editor, The Times, 30 May 1981.

170

Christopher Thomas, The Times, 11 April 1981.

171

Leading article, The Times, 11 April 1981.

172

Ibid., 5 May 1981.

173

‘If Ireland Is To Be United’, leading article, The Times, 2 July 1981.

174

‘Fermanagh Does It Again’, leading article, The Times, 22 August 1981.

175

Martin Huckerby, The Times, 13 April 1981.

176

The Times, 13 April 1981; Sasthi Brata, The Times, 15 April 1981.

177

Leading articles, The Times, 14 April, 7 July and 13 July 1981.

178

‘The Soiled Coin’, leading article, The Times, 10 July 1981.

179

‘The Scarman Report’, leading article, The Times, 26 November 1981.

180

Darcus Howe, The Times, 26 November 1981.

181

‘Moonshine and Money’ and ‘A Hard Winter’, leading articles, The Times, 17 September and 20 October 1981.

182

Diana Geddes, The Times, 30 March 1981.

183

‘Universities Under the Knife’ and ‘The Cost of University Cuts’, leading articles, The Times, 3 July and 10 October 1981.

184

Evans, Good Times, Bad Times, pp. 218–19.

185

Ivor Crewe and Anthony King, SDP: The Birth, Life and Death of the Social Democratic Party, p. 261.

186

The Times, 27 March 1981.

187

‘The Gang Becomes a Party’, leading article, The Times, 27 March 1981.

188

Crewe and King, SDP, p. 257.

189

Ibid., p. 254.

190

Geoffrey Taylor, Changing Faces: History of The Guardian, 1956–1988, p. 213.

191

The Times, 23 October 1981; Evans, Good Times, Bad Times, p. 289.

192

Frank Johnson, ‘A Happy Party, Fit for all Factions’, The Times, 16 September 1986.

193

Frank Johnson, The Times, 15 September 1982.

194

Nicholas Wapshott’s interview with Ken Livingstone, The Times, 14 May 1981.

195

Evans to Lord George Brown, 2 July 1981, Evans Day File.

196

The Times, 23 and 23 September 1981.

197

Bernard Donoughue, 10 September 1981, Evans Day File 1/17.

198

The Times, 25 September 1981.

199

Tony Benn, letter to the editor, The Times, 26 September 1981.

200

Evans to features, home and business editors, 29 October 1981, Evans Day File 1/17.

201

Evans Day File, A327/3626.

202

Tony Benn, quoted in the Daily Telegraph, 28 September 1981.

203

‘Unfinished Business’, leading article, The Times, 1 October 1981.

204

Tony Benn, quoted in The Times, 13 March 1982.

205

Ibid., 27 January 1982.

206

Hamilton, Editor-in-Chief, p. 182.

207

Evans, Good Times, Bad Times, p. 324.

208

Michael Ruda, interview, ‘The Greatest Paper in the World’, Thames Television, broadcast 2 January 1985.

209

Evans to Murdoch, 3 December 1981, Evans Day File.

210

Rupert Murdoch to the author, interview, 4 August 2003.

211

TNL News, April 1981; Murdoch’s report to the TNL board, 9 June 1981.

212

TNL News, April 1981.

213

Ibid., July 1981.

214

Marmaduke Hussey, memorandum, 9 December 1974, Grigg Papers.

215

TNL News, September 1984.

216

Evans to Bill O’Neill, 20 October 1981, Evans Day File.

217

Evans to Gerald Long, cc. Bill Gillespie, John Collier, 29 January 1982, Evans Day File.

218

Hamilton, Editor-in-Chief, pp. 171–2.

219

Liz Seeber to the author, interview, 18 July 2002.

220

Bill Bryson, Notes from a Small Island, pp. 47–8.

221

Murdoch, quoted in the Financial Times, 30 September, and the Daily Telegraph, 29 September 1981.

222

Murdoch, quoted in The Times, 2 October 1981; TNL News, October 1981.

223

Australian Financial Review, reproduced in TNL News, November 1981.

224

Evans to Ken Beattie (TNL commercial director), 4 November 1981, Evans Day File A327/3626.

225

Evans to Ken Beattie, 21 October and 29 October 1981, Evans Day File.

226

Evans to John Higgins, 17 November 1981, Evans Day File A327/3626.

227

Alan Watkins, Spectator, 23 July 1983.

228

Evans to Bernard Levin, 2 September 1981, Evans Day File.

229

Ibid., 6 August 1981, Evans Day File.

230

Ibid., 12 November 1981, Evans Day File.

231

Evans to Michael Leapman, 11 June 1981, telex 125912.

232

Philip Howard to the author, interview, 5 December 2002.

233

Evans to Michael Leapman, 29 June 1981, Evans Day File.

234

Anthony Holden to the author, interview, 9 April 2003.

235

Patrick Marnham, Spectator, 20 February 1982.

236

Evans to Peter Hennessy, 10 January 1092, Evans Day File A759/9329.

237

Evans, Good Times, Bad Times, p. 293.

238

Tim Austin to the author, interview, 4 March 2003.

239

Fred Emery to the author, interview, 24 January 2005.

240

Made famous by Vanity Fair editor Graydon Carter, quoted in Toby Young, How to Lose Friends and Alienate People, p. 143n.

241

Evans, Good Times, Bad Times, pp. 329–31.

242

Gerald Long to department heads, 19 June 1981 (reissued 5 January 1982), ref. A751/9253/42.

243

Evans to Murdoch, 16 September 1981, Evans Day File, A327/3626.

244

Minutes, editorial management meeting, 4 May 1982, ref. 3629/3/4.

245

Evans to Murdoch, undated draft, January 1982, Evans Day File.

246

Ibid., 11 January 1982, Evans Day File.

247

Evans, Good Times, Bad Times, pp. 319–23.

248

Evans to Charles Douglas-Home, no date, February 1982, Evans Day File.

249

Frank Giles, Sundry Times, p. 221.

250

Evans, Good Times, Bad Times, p. 172.

251

Anthony Holden to the author, interview, 9 April 2003.

252

Evans to Anthony Holden, 23 November 1981, Evans Day File A327/ 3626.

253

Leapman, Barefaced Cheek, p. 228.

254

Murdoch, personal message to all The Times and Sunday Times staff, 8 February 1982.

255

TNL News, March 1982; Evans to Gerald Long, 18 February 1982, Evans Day File.

256

Minutes of TNL directors’ meeting, 16 December 1981, ref. 6968/1; Evans to Long, 16 February 1982, Evans Day File.

257

Minutes of TNL directors’ meeting, 23 December 1981, ref. 6968/1.

258

Evans to Long, Frank Giles to Long, 16 February 1982, ref. 6968/1.

259

Evans, Good Times, Bad Times, p. 359.

260

Peter Wilby (Father of the Sunday Times NUJ chapel) to Sir Edward Pickering, 20 February 1982.

261

Denis Hamilton, Editor-in-Chief, p. 183.

262

Richard Searby to Sir Edward Pickering, 17 February 1982.

263

TNL News, March 1982.

264

The Times, 15 February 1982.

265

Ibid., February 1982.

266

Richard Searby to Sir Edward Pickering, 19 February 1982; Minutes of TNHL board meeting, 22 February 1982.

267

Spectator, 27 February 1982.

268

Evans to Murdoch, 21 and 23 February 1982. Evans Day File.

269

Evans to Willie Landels, 24 September 1981, Evans Day File A327/3626.

270

Evans to Elwyn Parry Jones (producer, Panorama), 2 March 1982, Evans Day File A759/9329.

271

Evans to Tony Richmond-Watson, 26 February 1982, Evans Day File 1759/9329; also Evans to Long, 9 March 1981, and Evans to Murdoch, draft memo, undated [February] 1982.

272

Richard Ingrams, Spectator, 5 November 1983.

273

Rupert Murdoch to the author, interview, 4 August 2003.

274

Quoted in Evans, Good Times, Bad Times, p. 222.

275

Evans, Good Times, Bad Times, p. 228.

276

Ibid., p. 229.

277

Bernard Donoughue, The Heat of the Kitchen, p. 286.

278

Obituary of Owen Hickey, The Times, 5 December 2000. In the spirit of his anonymous work, Hickey had requested not to be given an obituary. The request was ignored.

279

Owen Hickey to Rees-Mogg, 13 November and 23 December 1980.

280

Peter Stothard to the author, interview, 8 November 2004; Anthony Holden to the author, interview, 9 April 2003.

281

Donoughue, The Heat of the Kitchen, pp. 288–9.

282

Spectator, 5 November 1983.

283

Frank Johnson to the author, interview, 15 January 2003.

284

Frank Johnson to the author, interview, 15 January 2003.

285

Liz Seeber to the author, interview, 18 July 2003.

286

Philip Howard to the author, interview, 5 December 2002.

287

Hussey, Chance Governs All, p. 179.

288

Evans to Murdoch, 21 February 1982, Evans Day File.

289

Ibid., 23 February 1982, Evans Day File.

290

Ibid., 11 March 1982, Evans Day File.

291

Enoch Powell, The Times, 10 March 1982.

292

Evans, Good Times, Bad Times, p. 369.

293

Ibid., p. 377.

294

The Times, 12 March 1982.

295

‘The Deeper Issues’, leading article, The Times, 12 March 1982.

296

The Times, 13 March 1982.

297

Leapman, Barefaced Cheek, p. 235; Evans, Good Times, Bad Times, pp. 393–4.

298

Tim Austin to the author, interview, 4 March 2003; Fred Emery to the author, interview, 24 January 2005.

299

‘The Greatest Paper in the World’, Thames Television, broadcast 2 January 1985.

300

Anthony Holden to the author, interview, 9 April 2003.

301

Private Eye, 26 March 1982.

302

Douglas-Home to Michael Leapman, 11 November 1983, Douglas-Home Papers.

303

Evans, Good Times, Bad Times, pp. 177–8.

304

Evans to the author, interview, 25 June 2003.

305

Ibid.; Evans, Good Times, Bad Times, pp. 1–2.

306

The Times, 17 and 18 September 1981.

307

Harold Evans to the author, interview, 25 June 2003.

308

Lord Parkinson to the author, 2 July 2004.

309

Rupert Murdoch to the author, interview, 5 August 2003.

310

Donoughue, The Heat of the Kitchen, p. 288.

311

Evans to the author, interview, 25 June 2003.

312

Notes of discussion between Alastair Hetherington and Douglas-Home, 31 October 1983, Douglas-Home Papers.

313

Richard Searby to the author, interview, 11 June 2002; similarly rendered in Rupert Murdoch’s interview with the author, 4 August 2003.

314

Bill O’Neill, Copy Out manuscript.

315

Evans, Good Times, Bad Times, p. 312.

316

Evans to the author, interview, 25 June 2003.

317

Rupert Murdoch to the author, interview, 4 August 2003.

318

Anthony Holden to the author, interview, 9 April 2003.

319

Rees-Mogg, ‘The Greatest Paper in the World’, Thames Television, broadcast 2 January 1985.

320

Anthony Holden to the author, interview, 9 April 2003.

321

Sunday Times, 14 March 1982.

322

Tony Norbury to the author, interview, 27 April 2004.

323

Quoted in Donoughue, The Heat of the Kitchen, p. 287.

324

Patrick Marnham, Spectator, 20 February, 1982.

325

Paul Johnson, Spectator, 20 March 1982.

326

Philip Howard, ‘The Greatest Paper in the World’, Thames Television, broadcast 2 January 1985.

327

Evans to Frank Johnson, 12 March 1982, Evans Day File.

328

Frank Johnson to the author, interview, 15 January 2003.

329

John Grigg, The History of The Times, vol. VI: The Thomson Years, p. 549.

330

From Lord Shackleton and others, letters to the editor, The Times, 4 February 1982.

331

The Times, 23 March 1982.

332

Peter Hennessy, The Prime Minister, p. 413.

333

‘Gunboat or Burglar Alarm?’, leading article, The Times, 29 March 1982.

334

Peter Chippindale and Chris Horrie, Stick It Up Your Punter, pp. 128–31.

335

Bernard Ingham, Kill The Messenger, p. 285.

336

Charles Douglas-Home, evidence to the House of Commons Defence Select Committee, 18 July 1982; Geoffrey Taylor, Changing Faces: History of the Guardian, 1956–1988, p. 225.

337

Guardian, 11 July 1988; Miles Hudson and John Stanier, War and the Media: A Random Searchlight, p. 169.

338

Hudson and Stanier, War and the Media, p. 170.

339

‘Naked Aggression’, leading article, The Times, 3 April 1982.

340

‘We Are All Falklanders Now’, leading article, The Times, 5 April 1982.

341

Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 186.

342

The Times, 14 April 1982.

343

Ibid., 20 May 1982.

344

Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 181.

345

Max Hastings and Simon Jenkins, The Battle for the Falklands, p. 161.

346

Fred Emery to Charles Douglas-Home, 29 April 1982, ref. A751/9256/9/2.

347

The advertisement was sponsored by a group describing themselves as Argentine citizens residing in New York State, The Times, 24 April 1982.

348

E. P Thompson, ‘Why Neither Side Is Worth Backing’, The Times, 29 April 1982.

349

Lord Wigg, letters to the editor, The Times, 6 April 1982.

350

Leon Pilpel in TNL News, May 1982.

351

Frank Giles, Sundry Times, p. 224.

352

David Kynaston, The Financial Times: A Centenary History, pp. 463–6.

353

Taylor, Changing Faces, pp. 228–33, 234–5.

354

New Statesman, ‘Mad Margaret and the Voyage of Dishonour’, 9 April 1982; New Statesman, 30 April 1982.

355

Chippindale and Horrie, Stick It Up Your Punter, p. 136.

356

Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, pp. 205–8, 211.

357

Liz Seeber to the author, interview, 18 July 2002.

358

The Economist, 22 May 1982.

359

John Witherow to the author, interview, 9 August 2002.

360

Quoted in David E. Morrison and Howard Tumber, Journalists at War: The Dynamics of News Reporting During the Falklands Conflict, p. 144; Hudson and Stanier, War and the Media, p. 170.

361

John Witherow to the author, interview, 9 August 2002; The Economist, 22 May 1982; Charles Douglas-Home, evidence to the House of Commons Defence Select Committee, 18 July 1982.

362

Robert Harris, Gotcha! The Media, The Government and the Falklands Crisis, pp. 35–6.

363

Emery to Douglas-Home, 18 May 1982, ref. A751/9256/9/2.

364

John Witherow to the author, interview, 9 August 2002.

365

Ibid.

366

The Times, 4 May 1982.

367

Chippindale and Horrie, Stick It Up Your Punter, p. 137.

368

‘For a Better Peace’, leading article, The Times, 5 May 1982.

369

The Times, 5 May 1982.

370

Ibid., 7 May 1982.

371

Peter Kellner, New Statesman, 7 May 1982.

372

Professor Bernard Crick, letters to the editor, The Times, 6 May 1982.

373

‘You Cannot Joke With War’, leading article, The Times, 12 May 1982.

374

Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, pp. 216, 221; The Times, 5 May 1982.

375

Nigel Lawson, The View From No. 11, pp. 126–7.

376

Harris, Gotcha!, p. 111.

377

John Witherow to the author, interview, 9 August 2002.

378

Hudson and Stanier, War and the Media, p. 175.

379

Fred Emery to Charles Douglas-Home, ref. A751/9256/9/2.

380

Hudson and Stanier, War and the Media, p. 173.

381

The Times, 11 June 1982.

382

Ibid., 12 June 1982.

383

Ibid., 10 June 1982.

384

Hastings and Jenkins, The Battle for the Falklands, pp. 320–21.

385

Quoted in Harris, Gotcha!, p. 118.

386

Hastings and Jenkins, The Battle for the Falklands, p. 349.

387

‘The Truce’, leading article, The Times, 15 June 1982.

388

John Witherow and Patrick Bishop, The Winter War, p. 17.