Дом правительства

157

Иер. 5:6; Втор. 7:6; Иса 49:10.

158

Суд. 11:24; Иса 45:5,6. См.: Cohn, Cosmos, с. 152. Ср.: Мих. 4:5.

159

Cohn, Cosmos, 143–144.

160

Втор. 7:1–2; Иса 34:2–3; 8–14.

161

Иса 49:22–23, 26.

162

Иса 41:11; 45:14; Иез. 38:18–23.

163

Иса 65:17; 35:5–10; 11:6.

164

Fredriksen, From Jesus to Christ, с. 81–86; Иез. 34:28; Дан. 7:27.

165

Cohn, Cosmos, с. 187–193; Selections from Josephus, trans. by H. St. J. Thackeray (New York: Macmillan, 1919), с. 73 (from Jewish Antiquities 18.1); Lewy, Religion and Revolution, с. 70–91; Cecil Roth, «The Zealots in the War of 66–73», Journal of Semitic Studies, vol. 4, No. 4 (1959): с. 351.

166

Иосиф Флавий, Иудейские древности, гл. 5, с. 20 (http://vehi.net/istoriya/israil/flavii/drevnosti/20.html); Иосиф Флавий, Иудейская война, гл. 2, с. 13 (http://vehi.net/istoriya/israil/flavii/voina/02.html). Selections from Josephus, 93 (from JA 20.5), с. 103–104 (from BJ, 2.13); Fredriksen, From Jesus to Christ, с. 79–80, 83, 91–92; Howard Clark Kee, Christian Origins in Sociological Perspective: Methods and Resources (Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1980), с. 57–58.

167

Мк. 1:3–6 (ср.: Selections from Josephus, с. 80–81 [JA 18.116f]); Ориген против Цельса, книга 7, глава 9, перевод автора.

168

Мк. 13:8, 12, 24–25. Kee, Christian Origins, с. 54–72; Geza Vermes, Jesus the Jew: A Historian’s Reading of the Gospels (New York: Macmillan, 1973), с. 58–100, 129–131; E. P. Sanders, Jesus and Judaism (London: SCM Press, 1985), с. 222; Dale C. Allison, Jesus of Nazareth: Millenarian Prophet (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1998), с. 95–171.

169

Мк. 13:19; Лк. 13:29; Лк. 6:20; Christopher Rowland, Christian Origins: An Account of the Setting and Character of the Most Important Messianic Sect of Judaism (London: SPCK, 1985), с. 87–8, 109, 146.

170

Мк. 1:15; Мк. 13:30; Лк. 9:27; Fredriksen, From Jesus to Christ, с. 51–63, 128; Kee, Christian Origins, с. 68; Rowland, Christian Origins, с. 87–8, 109–133.

171

Мк. 13:20; Лк. 13; 24; Мф. 19:28–30; Rowland, Christian Origins, с. 137; Cohn, Cosmos, с. 197.

172

Мк. 3:31–35.

173

Лк. 14:26 (ср.: Мк. 10:29–31; Лк. 9:59–62; Лк. 18:29–30); Лк. 10:27 (ср.: Мф. 22:36–40). Kee, Christian Origins, 77–80.

174

Мф. 11:25. О том, что Иисус говорил только о евреях, см.: Мф. 15:21–28; Мф. 7:6; Мк. 7:24–30.

175

Мф. 18:3 (ср.: Мк. 10:15, Мф. 10:42).

176

Мф. 5:21–2, 27–8, 33–37.

177

Мф. 15:7–11.

178

Мф. 6:8; Fredriksen, From Jesus to Christ, с. 40; Мф. 10:28; Мф. 5:46, 48.

179

Мк. 14:25.

180

1 Кор. 7:29–31.

181

1 Фесс. 4:14–18.

182

1 Фесс. 5:5–8; Рим. 4:16–17; Рим. 9:1–8. Ср.: Fredriksen, From Jesus to Christ, с. 60–61; Kee, Christian Origins, с. 92; Cohn, Cosmos, с. 206–211.

183

Откр. 7:1–8; 13:15–17; 3:15–16.

184

Откр. 19:15; Откр. 14:9–11; Откр. 16:1–21; Откр. 20:4–5, 12; 21:1–4; Откр. 22:10, 20.

185

2 Пет. 3:3–4; Rowland, Christian Origins, 276–296; Voegelin, The New Science of Politics, 176–177.

186

2 Пет. 3:8–9.

187

Коран 47:19; 3:118; 47:18. См. также: 54:1; 42:17; 22:7; 45:32; 12:107; 43:66.

188

Об исламской эсхатологии, см.: David Cook, «Early Islamic and Classical Sunni and Shi’ite Apocalyptic Movements», в: Weissinger, ed., The Oxford Handbook of Millennialism, с. 267–283; Cook, «The Beginnings of Islam as an Apocalypic Movement», в: Stephen D. O’Leary, Glen S. McGhee, eds., War in Heaven/Heaven on Earth: Theories of the Apocalypic (London: Equinox, 2005), с. 79–93; Cook, Studies in Muslim Apocalyptic (Princeton, NJ: The Darwin Press, 2002), особ. с. 15–6, 137–188; Said Amir Arjomand, «Messianism, Millennialism and Revolution in Early Islamic History» в: Amanat and Bernhardsson, eds., Imagining the End, с. 106–125; Aziz Al-Azmeh, Islams and Modernities (London: Verso, 1993), особ. с. 89–103.

189

Al-Azmeh, Islams and Modernities, с. 97–98; Ovamir Anjum, Politics, Law, and Community in Islamic Thought: The Taymiyyan Moment (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2012), особ. с. 1–9, 37–92 и в других местах; A. Azfar Moin, The Millennial Sovereign: Sacred Kingship and Sainthood in Islam (New York: Columbia University Press, 2012), с. 1–14, 74–80, 161–166 и в других местах; S. N. Eisenstadt, Fundamentalism, Sectarianism, and Revolution: The Jacobin Dimension of Modernity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), с. 19–23, 33–35, 84–89; Henry Munson, Jr., Islam and Revolution in the Middle East (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988), с. 7–38; S. N. Eisenstadt, Jewish Civilization: The Jewish Historical Experience in a Comparative Perspective (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992), с. 35–42; Juan R. I. Cole, «Millennialism in Modern Iranian History» в: Amanat and Bernhardsson, eds., Imagining the End, с. 282–311; Stephen Sharot, Messianism, Mysticism, and Magic: A Sociological Analysis of Jewish Religious Movements (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1982); Marc Saperstein, ed., Essential Papers on Messianic Movements and Personalities in Jewish History (New York: NYU Press, 1992); Yuri Slezkine, The Jewish Century (Princeton: Princeton UP, 2004), passim.

190

Bruce Lawrence, ed., Messages to the World: The Statements of Osama bin Laden (London: Verso, 2005), с. 121.

191

Norman Cohn, The Pursuit of the Millennium: Revolutionary Millenarians and Mystical Anarchists in the Middle Ages (New York: Oxford University Press, 1970), с. 19–204; Frederic J. Baumgartner, Longing for the End: A History of Millennialism in Western Civilization (New York: St. Martin’s, 1999), с. 47–76.

192

М. Лютер, О светской власти. Перевод автора.

193

Там же.

194

Calvin, «On Civil Government» [Institutio Christianae Reilgionis, Book IV, Chapter 20] в: Luther and Calvin on Secular Authority, с. 48–49; Michael Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints: A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965), особ. с. 2–13, 29–55, 121–5, 185–229 и в других местах; Harro HÖpfl, The Christian Polity of John Calvin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982), с. 193–202 (цитата о внимательном наблюдении из женевского эдикта 1560 года, см. с. 200).

195

Calvin, «On Civil Government», с. 60; Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints, с. 176 (цитата Чейнелла), 223–224; HÖpfl, The Christian Polity, с. 188–192; Bernard Cottret, Calvin: A Biography (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2000), с. 223 (цитата Гийома де Три).

196

Мф. 13:24–30, 36–43.

197

Cohn, The Pursuit of the Millennium, с. 239, 242, 237, 238.

198

Cohn, The Pursuit of the Millennium, с. 249–250.

199

1 Пет. 2:9; Martin Luther, «On the Babylonish Captivity of the Church» в: Henry Wace, ed., First Principles of the Reformation, or the Ninety-Five Theses and Three Primary Works of Dr. Martin Luther (London: John Murrey, 1883), с. 235; Martin Malia, History’s Locomotives: Revolutions and the Making of the Modern World (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006), с. 81; Ernst Troeltsch, The Social Teaching of the Christian Churches (New York: Macmillan, 1931), т. 1, с. 331–343.

200

Anthony Arthur, The Tailor King: The Rise and Fall of the Anabaptist Kingdom of Münster (New York: St, Martin’s 1999), с. 38–41, 53, 75–78, 93–102, 112, 136–138, 156–178 (цитата «всякий дол» по с. 75); Cohn, The Pursuit of the Millennium, с. 262–80 (цитаты «Среди нас…» и «стерты» по с. 266).

201

Oliver Cromwell’s Letters and Speeches, with Elucidations by Thomas Carlyle (New York: William H. Colyer, 1846), с. 203. Перевод автора.

202

Там же; B. S. Capp, The Fifth Monarchy Men: A Study in Seventeenth-Century English Millenarianism (London: Faber and Faber, 1972), с. 67, 162, 138, 132, 140–141; Дан. 2, 7.

203

О самосожжениях см.: М. В. Пулькин «Самосожжения старообрядцев в конце XVII–XVIII вв.», Новый исторический вестник No. 1 (2006), с. 1–14, Georg B. Michels, At War with the Church: Religious Dissent in Seventeenth-Century Russia (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999), с. 207–209. Об эсхатологии старообрядцев см.: Michael Cherniavsky, «The Old Believers and the New Religion», Slavic Review, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Mar., 1966): с. 1–39; общие обзоры см.: С. Зеньковский, Русское старообрядчество (Минск: Белорусский экзархат, 2007), Robert O. Crummey, The Old Believers and the World of Antichrist: The Vyg Community and the Russian State, 1694–1855 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1970).

204

Л. Воронцова, С. Филатов, «Старообрядчество: в поисках потерянного града Китежа» в: Религия и общество: очерки религиозной жизни современной России (М., СПб, Летний Сал 2002), с. 247. О староверах и «протестантской трудовой этике» см.: Crummey, The Old Believers and the World of Antichrist, с. 135–158.

205

См. особ.: Ernest Lee Tuveson, Redeemer Nation: The Idea of America’s Millennial Role (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1968); Ruth H. Bloch, Visionary Republic: Millennial themes in American Thought, 1756–1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985); Robert N. Bellah, The Broken Covenant: American Civil Religion in Time of Trial (New York: The Searbury Press, 1975); William G. McLoughlin, Revivals, Awakenings, and Reform (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1978); Conrad Cherry, God’s New Israel: Religious Interpretations of American Destiny (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1971); Jon Butler, Awash in a Sea of Faith: Christianizing the American People (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992).

206

McLoughlin, Revivals, 98–140 (цитата Финни по с. 125); Ruth Alden Doan, The Miller Heresy, Millennialism, and American Culture (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1987), с. 75.

207

McLoughlin, Revivals, с. 139.

208

William E. Wilson, The Angel and the Serpent: The Story of New Harmony (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1964); Lawrence Foster, Women, Family, and Utopia: Communal Experiments of the Shakers, the Oneida Community, and the Mormons (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1991), с. 75–120; John W. Friesen and Virginia Lyons Friesen, The Palgrave Companion to North American Utopias (New York; Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), с. 104–116; Robert P. Sutton, Communal Utopias and the American Исх. perience: Reigious Communitities, 1732–2000 (Westport, CN: Praeger, 2003), с. 17–46, 67–86; Spencer Klaw, Without Sin: the Life and Death of the Oneida Community (New York: Allen Lane, the penguin Press, 1993); Wilson, Religious Sects, 132–135; Warren Lewis, «What To Do After the Messiah has Come Again and Gone: Shaker ‘Premillennial’ Eschatology and Its Spiritual Aftereffects» в: M. Darrol Bryant, Donald W. Dayton, eds., The Coming Kingdom: Essays in American Millennialism and Eschatology (Barrytown, NY: New Era Books, 1983), с. 71–109.

209

«The Testimony of the Prophet Joseph Smith» в: The Book of Mormon: Another Testament of Jesus Christ, 1 Неф. 13:37.

210

Там же, 3 Неф. 11:15.

211

Цитата Эдсона по: Gordon D. Pollock, In Search of Security: The Mormons and the Kingdom of God on Earth, 1830–1844 (New York: Garland Publishing, 1989); Mark P. Leone, Roots of Modern Mormonism (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979); Tuveson, Redeemer Nation, с. 179–184 (цитата о надзоре, из Parley Pratt, The Angel of the Prairies, на с. 183).

212

Цитата Эдсона по: Ronald L. Numbers and Jonathan M. Butler, eds., The Disappointed: Millerism and Millenarianism in the Nineteenth Century (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987), с. 215. См. также: Doan, The Miller Heresy (цитата о доктрине на с. 74); David L. Rowe, Thunder and Trumpets: Millerites and Dissenting Religion in Upstate New York, 1800–1850 (Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1985), особ. с. 119–139. «Участие человека» было распространенной формулой, признаваемой Смитом и отвергаемой Миллером. См., например: Doan, The Miller Heresy, с. 74.

213

Cecil M. Robeck, Jr., The Azusa Street Mission and Revival: The Birth of the Global Pentecostal Movement (Nasville, TN: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 2006), с. 1–186 (цитата из Los Angeles Herald на с. 1); Douglas J. Nelson, For Such a Time as This: The Story of Bishop William J. Seymour and the Azusa Street Revival (Ph. D. Dissertation, Department of Theology, University of Birmingham, England, May, 1981), с. 191–245; Frank Bartleman, Azusa Street: The Roots of Modern-Day Pentecost (Gainesville, FL.: Bridge-Logos, 1980), с. 49–74; Harvey Cox, Fire from Heaven: The Rise of Pentecostal Spirituality and the Reshaping of Religion in the Twenty-First Century (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995), особ. с. 45–66 и 111–122; Grant Wacker, Heaven Below: Early Pentecostals and American Culture (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001); Wilson, Religious Sects, с. 98–117; Baumgartner, Longing for the End, с. 175–178.

214

Деян. 2:1–21.

215

Michael Adas, Prophets of Rebellion: Millenarian Protest Movements against the European Colonial Order (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1979); Anthony F. C. Wallace, Religion: An Anthropological View (new York: Random House, 1966), с. 30–8, 157–166, 209–215.

216

Nathan Wachtel, «Rebeliones y milenarismo» в: Juan M. OssioÑa., ed., Ideologia Mesiánica del Mundo Andino (Lima: Ignacio Prado Pastor, 1973), с. 118–123; Enrique Florescano, Memoria mexicana: ensayo sobre la reconstrucción del pasado: época prehispanica – 1821 (México, D. F.: Editorial J. Mortiz, 1987), с. 222; James Mooney, The Ghost-Dance Religion and the Sioux Outbreak of 1890 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1965); Micheline E. Pesantubbee, «From Vision to Violence: The Wounded Knee Massacre» в: Wessinger, ed., Millennialism, с. 62–81; Bryan R. Wilson, Magic and the Millennium: A Sociological Study of Religious Movements of Protest among Tribal and Third-World Peoples (New York: Harper and Row, 1973), с. 221–36, 283–308; Euclides da Cunha, Os Sertões (1902), англоязычная версия: Euclides da Cunha, Rebellion in the Backlands (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1944); Robert M. Levine, Vale of Tears: Revisiting the Canudos Massacre in Northeast Brazil, 1893–1897 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992).

217

Christine Steyn, «Millenarian Tragedies in South Africa: the Xhosa Cattle – Killing Movement and the Bulhoek Massacre» в: Wessinger, ed., Millennialism, с. 189–193; J. B. Peires, The Dead Will Arise: Nongqawuse and the Great Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement of 1856–1857 (Johannesburg: Ravan, 1989). См. также: Wilson, Magic and the Millennium, с. 238–240.

218

Steyn, «Millenarian Tragedies», с. 193–197. См. также: Robert Edgar, Because they Chose the Plan of God: The Story of the Bulhoek Massacre (Johannesburg: Ravan, 1988); Bengt G. M. Sundkler, Bantu Prophets in South Africa (London: Lutterworth, 1948), с. 72–73; Wilson, Magic and the Millennium, с. 61–64; Lewy, Religion and Revolution, с. 203–205.

219

Leonard E. Barrett, The Rastafarians: Sounds of Cultural Dissonance (Boston: Beacon Press, 1977). Цитата о светлом утре из песни Боба Марли Rasta Man Chant; цитата о «проснуться и встать» из песни Боба Марли Get Up, Stand Up. См. также Revolution Боба Марли.

220

Откр. 18:3, 12–13.

221

Lewy, Religion and Revolution, с. 227.

222

Peter Worsley, The Trumpet Shall Sound: A Study of «Cargo» Cults in Melanesia (New York; Schocken, 1968), особ. с. 101–108 и 207–219; Lamont Lindstrom, «Cargo Cults» в: Richard A. Landes, ed., Encyclopedia of Millennialism and Millenial Movements (New York: Routledge, 2000), с. 57–61.

223

Shek, «Sectarian Eschatology and Violence»; Naquin, Millenarian Rebelion in China; Yang, Religion in Chinese Society; Lewy, Religion and Revolution, с. 11–32, 59–66, 254–257.

224

Jonathan D. Spence, God’s Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan (New York: Norton, 1997). Цитата из: Franz Michael, The Taiping Rebellion: History and Documents (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1971), т. 2, с. 273.

225

Spence, God’s Chinese Son, с. 148, 150, 173, 181; Michael, The Taiping Rebellion, т. 2, с. 298. См. также: Michael, The Taiping Rebellion, т. 2, с. 139–141, 312–320.

226

Michael, The Taiping Rebellion, т. 2, с. 183; Spence, God’s Chinese Son, с. 134, 170.

227

Spence, God’s Chinese Son, с. 181, 234–332; Michael, The Taiping Rebellion, т. 3, с. 1530–1532.

228

Другие классические источники по спорам о секуляризации (помимо Вебера и Дюркгейма): Bryan Wilson, Religion in Secular Society: A Sociological Comment (London: C. A. Watts, 1966); Bryan Wilson, Religion in Sociological Perspective (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982), особ. с. 148–179; David Martin, A General Theory of Secularization (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1978); David Martin, On Secularization: Towards a Revised General Theory (Ashgate, 2005); Berger, The Social Reality of Religion; Bruce, Religion in the Modern World; Steve Bruce, God is Dead: Secularization in the West (Oxford: Blackwell, 2002); Stark, Bainbridge, The Future of Religion; Rodney Stark, Roger Finke, Acts of Faith: Explaining the Human Side of Religion (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000); Hugh McLeod and Werner Ustorf eds., The Decline of Christendom in Western Europe, 1750–2000 (Cambridge University Press, 2003); JosÉ Casanova, Public Religions in the Modern World (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1994); Charles Taylor, A Secular Age (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2007).

229

Цитата по: Ernest Lee Tuveson, Millennium and Utopia: A Study in the Background of the Idea of Progress (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1949), с. 119, 125.

230

Цитата Тюрго по: Manuel, Utopian Thought, с. 483.

231

Там же, с. 461–518.

232

Ruth Scurr, Fatal Purit: Robespierre and the French Revolution (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2006), с. 230, 232; М. Робеспьер, О принципах политической морали, перевод автора.

233

Робеспьер, О принципах политической морали; Закон от 22 прериаля II года Республики, перевод автора; Scurr, Fatal Purity, с. 262, 328.

234

Ср.: «The Prelude», Book Eleventh (http://www.bartleby.com/145/ww297.html), «The Recluse» (Book First, «Home at Grasmere» http://www.bartleby.com/145/ww301.html); M. H. Abrams, Natural Supernaturalism: Tradition and revolution in Romantic Literature (New York; Norton: 1971), с. 336–338 и в других местах; Reinhold Niebuhr, Faith and History: A Comparison of Christian and Modern Views of History (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1949), с. 2–5 и в других местах.

235

Oeuvres de Saint-Simon & d’Enfantin (Aalen Otto Zeller, 1963), т. 1, с. 121–122; Manuel, Utopian Thought, с. 590–614.

236

William Wordsworth, «The Prelude», Book First, Introduction, http://www.bartleby.com/145/ww287.html. См.: Gianfranco Poggi, Forms of Power (Cambridge: Polity, 2001), с. 58–122.

237

Есть и другая позиция, см.: Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints, с. 300–319; Walzer, Exodus and Revolution, с. 119–135; J. L. Talmon, The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy (London: Secker and Warburg, 1952).

238

Откр. 18:7; Робеспьер, О принципах политической морали.

239

Ср.: Martin, A General Theory of Secularization; Martin, On Secularization: Towards a Revised General Theory; Malia, History’s Locomotives; Yuri Slezkine, The Jewish Century (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004).

240

J. L. Talmon, Political Messianism: The Romantic Phase (London: Secker and Warburg, 1960), с. 265, 266, 269.

241

К. Маркс, К еврейскому вопросу, https://www.marxists.org/russkij/marx/1844/jewish.htm.

242

К. Маркс, К критике гегелевской философии права, введение: https://www.marxists.org/russkij/marx/1844/philosophy_right/01.htm.

243

Маркс, К еврейскому вопросу.

244

Откр. 7:3.

245

Манифест Коммунистической партии, гл. 1 и 2; Откр. 18:12, 3.

246

Откр. 18:8, 21; Манифест Коммунистической партии, гл. 2 and 4.

247

Манифест Коммунистической партии, гл. 4.

248

Там же.

249

Ф. Энгельс, Происхождение семьи, частной собственности и государства («детская простота»); В. Ленин, Три источника и три составных части марксизма, http://www.philosophy.nsc.ru/BIBLIOTECA/History_of_Philosophy/LENIN/Tri – istochnika.htm.

250

Ф. Энгельс, Анти-Дюринг, http://www.etextlib.ru/Book/Details/43121; Манифест коммунистической партии, гл. 2.; Ф. Энгельс, Принципы коммунизма, http://www.revolucia.ru/ eng_pk.htm.

251

Энгельс, Анти-Дюринг, гл. 23.